Chapter 16
Document and Voice Examination
Document Examination
Document
Analy sis
DO NOW;
When you look at a document what is included?
Handwritting
Handwritting
Handwritting
Handwritting
Paper Used
Paper Used
Paper
UsedUsed
Paper
Document
Analy
sis
Document
Document
Document
Analy
sis
Analy
sis
Analy sis
Erasers
Erasers
Erasers
Ink used
Ink used
Ink used
Ink used
Handwriting
1. Handwriting
a.
The form of the handwriting
• such as the shapes of the letters and their
slant, angles, connections, curves and The
line quality,
• the thickness of the line as a result of the
type of writing instrument used
• the pressure exerted while writing
b. The arrangement on the page,
• including spacing, alignment, formatting,
and unique punctuation
c. The content,
• including the spelling, phrasing,
punctuation, and grammar
Addition analysis of handwriting
2. Paper used.
• what the paper is made of
• what additives have been used
*whether watermarks are present
*whether surface treatments
– heat or resins, have been used.
• By analyzing the paper, scientists can
often tell how old a document is.
3. Analyze the ink
• to help figure out what kind of pen was
used to write the document
When analyzing a
document also look for?
• Alterations of Documentation
– Overwriting
– Erasures or crossing out
– Indented writings
• Latent Fingerprints, fibers,
watermarks, DNA, Ink
Handwritten documents famous cases
Forgery
• Clifford Irving’s
– claiming to be Howard Hughes in his autobiography
• Frank Abagnale Jr,
infamous check forger
Ransom + Suicide notes:
• Charles Lindbergh, Jr., March 1932 Kidnapping
• Jonbenet Ramsey, questionable ransom note
• Kurt Cobain, questionable suicide note
Do Now:
Analyze this
document and
highlight any
“General”
inconsistencies.
Hint: Why do authors
write notes?
Do Now:
Answers
Hint: Why do authors
write notes?
truthful
or
Deceptive
So what do
you need
Standards or Exemplars
Using the Document Analysis
Teams from this week:
•
Identify 10 out of a possible 14
basic characteristics for
comparing handwriting.
–
On the data sheet provide the line
number and the example. (yes you may
provide more then one example.
–
Be prepared to publically support your
analysis.
Character revelations from
the handwriting:
Using three to four sentences tell
me about your favorite:_____
Handwriting Analysis vs.
Statement Analysis?
Statement Analysis is the process of examining a
person's words to determine exactly what the
person is saying.
This includes determining:
– if the person is being truthful or deceptive,
– discovering additional information within the
statement
– seeing if the person is withholding any information.
Statement Analysis is based on three things:
1. Definitions
2. Grammar
3. Research
If these characters matched why
wouldn’t Karr be behind bars?
http://www.statementanalysis.com/language/
http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/9727904/detail.html
Character revelations from
the handwriting:
•
•
·
•
•
•
•
•
Great attention to detail: close i-dots
Low self-esteem: low t-bar crossing
Emotionally distant: all printing and vertical slant
In pain: Compressed words
In a hurry: printing and frequent pen lifts
Sexual frustration: incomplete lower loops
Domineering/ excessive need for control:
downward t-bars
• Provided by:
http://www.myhandwriting.com/celebs/ransom1
.html
Jonbenet Ramsey, ransom note
http://www.thedenverchannel.co
m/news/9727904/detail.html
http://www.statementanalysis.co
m/language/
http://www.statementanalysis.co
m/ramseynote/
Check Forgery
• Compare your exemplars to the questioned
document/check.
• Use the natural variations to:
– Make a list of top three suspects
– Identify which individual is the Forger.
Seven Steps to minimize
“conscious” writing effort.
1. Writer should be allowed to write sitting
comfortably at a desk or a table w/o
distractions
2. The suspect should not under any
conditions be shown the questioned
document or be provided with
instructions on how to spell certain words
or what punctuation to use.
Seven Steps to minimize
“conscious” writing effort.
3. The suspect should be furnished a pen and
paper similar to those used in the questioned
document.
4. Dictated test should be the same as the content
of the questioned document.
•
•
•
•
•
Same words
Phrases
Letter combinations
NO indication of casing
1 page minimum
Seven Steps to minimize
“conscious” writing effort.
5. Dictation of the text should take place at
least three times. (for Disguised writing)
Noticeable variations will show up in
the three.
•
If So!! Investigators MUST insist upon
continued repetitive dictation of text
Seven Steps to minimize
“conscious” writing effort.
6. Signature exemplars can be obtained
when the suspect is required to combine
other writings with a signature.
–
Instead of compiling a set of signatures the
writer might be asked to fill out completely
20-30 separate checks or receipts, each with
a signature.
Seven Steps to minimize
“conscious” writing effort.
7. Before requested exemplars are taken from
the subject, a document examiner should
be consulted and shown the
QUESTIONED SPECIMENS
D-END