Chapter 2
Flavors of English
Mini-Research Project
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How formal is the professors’ speech in each
for your classes?
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Is there a difference by discipline?
“
age?
“
gender?
“
original home?
How does the style of your professor affect
your own speech in class?
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your learning in a class?
(Exercise 2.2)
Review:
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Re-write in “prestige” dialect
I knowed you wasn’t from New Jersey
Eddie and him drove home real slow
We didn’t do nothing but sing
When they was in the planning stages, they
underestimated the costs big-time
I can’t hardly believe what you said to the coach
The boss asked Derek if he had did his clean-up
Identify each prescriptive rule that is broken…
Question:
How do you anticipate dialectal differences &
grammatical skills affect WYWTBWYGU?
E.G.:
If you become a teacher how will you handle dialectal
differences in your classroom?
OR:
If you go into business how will you expect dialectal
differences to affect your work?
Group Work:
(click in group answers)
Which of your of these rules are prescriptive?
(from a rule book)
Which are descriptive?
(describes what people really do)
Mark each rule with “P” or “D”.
(Click “A” for Prescriptive,
“D” for Descriptive)
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Articles precede nouns
Do not use unnecessary words
A ‘WH’ word or verb usually begins a question
Avoid frequent use of be as a main verb
“It’s me” is too informal
Imperative sentences don’t require subjects
Adverbs (such as really) can be moved around in sentences
Avoid using the passive voice whenever possible
Use precise adjectives and concrete nouns
People in ___ have no dialect.
A. Spartanburg
B. New York
C. Los Angles
D. Michigan
E. Everyone has a dialect
Which Contributes to a Dialect?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Age
Time
Location
Socio-Economic Community
All of the above
It’s easy to tell where one
dialect stops and another begins
Dialect
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Concentric Circles
Fuzzy Circles
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Style Shifting
Hypercorrection
Which is most prestigious?
“Who did you say was calling?”
B. “Whom did you say was calling?”
A.
Which is most prestigious?
“We will accept whoever applies.”
B. “We will accept whomever applies”
A.
Which is most prestigious?
“Let’s keep this between you and I.”
B. “Let’s keep this between you and me.”
A.
What’s the underlying source of the errors?
(Exercise 2.1)
Second Language Acquisition
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Interlanguage
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Natural Learning
Transfer Errors
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Fossilization
L1
Interlanguage
Developmental Errors
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L2
Inference from L1
World Englishes
Fossilization
L1
L1½
This sign is at the
bottom of a steep
incline in downtown
Beijing. It means
Caution: Slippery
when wet.
Homework
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Read Chapter 3
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TPQ on Chapters 1 & 2 ‘Tomorrow’…