Organization of Living Systems
Living things are . . .
•
•
•
•
•
Organized _________________________.
Grow and develop.
__________________________________.
Use energy
_________________
 Lack a nucleus
Example: ___________
 Contains a nucleus
and other organelles
Example: ______________________
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Part
Function
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Genetic information in the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport system in cell
Ribosome
Golgi Body
Organelle that packages proteins
Vacuole
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Enzymes that digest or break down worn
out cell parts, excess food, and invading
bacteria or viruses
Plant vs. Animal
Plant Cells Have, and Animal Cells
don’t
• _________________– organelle responsible for
photosynthesis.
• ________________ – a structure outside of the
membrane to provide support.
• Very large _____________ to store extra water.
This is a typical Plant Cell
• It contains a cell wall,
chloroplasts, a very
large vacuole.
• Why do plants need
large vacuoles?
•ANSWER:
Q: Which structure found in plant cells
is responsible for photosynthesis?
(A) Cell membrane
(B) Chloroplast
(C) Ribosome
(D) Nucleus
Animal Cell
Q: The swordfish has a heat-generating
organ that warms it brains and eyes up to a
14°C above the surrounding water
temperature. What structures are likely to
be found in relatively high concentrations
in the cells of this organ.
(A) Chromosomes
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Nuclei
(D) Ribosomes
Q: You are looking at a cell under a
microscope. You observe that the cell has a
cell membrane and cell wall but does not have
a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles.
Based on this observation you can conclude
the cell is –
(A) A plant cell
(B) A bacterium
(C) An animal cell
(D) Dead
Homeostasis
• This is the maintenance of the normal operating
conditions of an organism.
• Control of body temperature, pulse rate, blood
pressure, blood sugar, urine output, digestive
absorption, metabolism rate, growth rate and
hormone levels all need to be maintained.
Transporting into Cells Diffusion
Osmosis is
the diffusion
of H2O
• Passive movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration is __________.
• The diffusion of water across a cell membrane is called
_____________.
What is Active Transport?
Energy is used to move selected molecules into a cell,
even if they are at a low concentration.
Q: When a sea urchin egg is removed from
the ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg
swells and bursts. Which of these causes
water to enter the egg?
(A) Coagulation
(B) Sodium pump
(C) Active transport
(D) Osmosis
Q: What happens to a cell when
particles move out of the cell through
facilitated diffusion?
(A) The cell gains energy.
(B) The cell uses energy.
(C) No energy change takes place.
(D) The cell produces energy.
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide Plus Water Produces Glucose And Oxygen
This is:
________________
Plants do Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
• C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
• Occurs in __________________of
all living things.
Q: The diagram shows the flow of
energy converted during
photosynthesis. From this
diagram it can be inferred that –
A) atmospheric gases are the source
of energy for producers
B) organisms depend on organic
compounds to transfer energy
C) ultraviolet radiation from the sun is
used for photosynthesis
D) heat from plants and animals
warms atmospheric gases
Q: What is the name of the ability of
organisms and cells to maintain a stable
internal environment called?
(A) Homeostasis
(B) Endoplasmic reticulum
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Chloroplast