NEW DEAL ERA COURT
CASES
1920-1945
CASES:
• Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 1923.
– Issue: minimum wages
• Gitlow v. New York, 1925.
– Issue: Radicals and 1st Amendment rights
• Schechter Poultry Corp. v. US, 1935.
– Issue: Constitutionality of New Deal programs
• US v. Butler, 1936.
– Issue: Constitutionality of New Deal programs
• NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp., 1937.
– Issue: Interstate Commerce and control of labor
• West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette,
1943.
– Issue: Standing and reciting the “Pledge”
• Korematsu v. US, 1944.
– Issue: War Powers and civilians
• Smith v. Allwright, 1944.
– Issue: Black voting rights in primary elections
BATTLES OF WW 2
•
US INVOLVEMENT 1939-1941
– Rise of Totalitarianism– Fascism/Nazism: Communism:
Military:
– WW2= Sept. 1, 1939
– Nov. 1939- US issued 4th Neutrality Act
– June 1940-all non-neutral European countries, except Eng. Conquered
– Sept. 1940- Executive Agreement, “Destroyers for Bases Deal”
– Sept. 1940-Selective Service Act
– Act of Havana
– Election of 1940
• Candidates: Issues:
:Results:
1939-1941 continued
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March 1941 Lend-Lease
May 1941 Robin Moor sunk
June 22, 1941 Germany invades Russia
July 1941 Navy convoys merchant ships to Icelandic
waters
• Aug 1941 Atlantic Charter issued
• Sept-Oct 1941 Undeclared Naval War
• Nov. 1941 National Emergency declared, Neutrality Act
of 1939 repealed
WW2 1941-1945
• Dec 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor
• 2 theater war
– European Theater (Europe, W Asia, N. Africa)
• Western Front
Eastern Front
– Pacific Theater
• Fighting the war:
• Allies strategy
• War in the Pacific
– 1941-42--Surrender of the Philippines-- Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• Bataan Death March
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–
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April 1942--Doolittle’s Raid on Tokyo
May 7-8- - Battle of the Coral Sea
June 4-7– Battle of Midway
“Twin Offensive” -- Island hopping, Naval Forces
FIGHTING THE WAR
• Oct. 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf
– Liberation of the Philippines
• War in Europe
• Commanders: Allied Supreme Commander
• Invasion of North Africa (Nov. 1942) Operation Torch (Br.)
• [Battle of Stalingrad (Jan 1943)]
• Feb. 1943 US Invasion of N. Africa
– Battle of Kasserine Pass
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Conference at Casablanca,
Invasion of Sicily July 1943
Invasion of Italy Sept.1943
Moscow Conference, Oct. 1943
Cairo Conference, Nov. 1943
Teheran Conference, Nov. 1943
Operation Overlord June 6, 1944 “D”-Day
WORLD WAR 2 CONTINUED
• Election of 1944
• Last German Assault—Dec. 1944--”Battle of the Bulge”
(Belgium) Siege of Bastogne
• Yalta Conference Jan. 1945
• Mar. 1945 Allies invade Western Germany/ Soviets
moving into Eastern Germany
• April 1945 FDR dies—Truman becomes President
• April 21—Soviet troops enter Berlin/Allies stopped at
Elbe River
• April 30—Hitler commits suicide
• May 8, 1945 V-E Day Germany surrenders
END OF THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC
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Feb. 1945 Battle of Iwo Jima
Mar-June 1945 Battle of Okinawa
April-June 1945—San Francisco Conference
July 1945 Atomic Bomb successfully tested at
Almagordo, NM “Manhatten project”
July 1945—Potsdam Conference
Aug. 6, 1945-- Hiroshima 1st A-Bomb
Aug. 8, 1945—Russia declared war on Japan
Aug. 9, 1945—Nagasaki 2nd A-Bomb
Sept. 2, 1945—Japanese surrendered V-J Day
RESULTS OF WW2
THE POST-WAR YEARS 1945-1951
• Major Events of Truman’s Presidency (1945-1949)
• FOREIGN AFFAIRS
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1. WW2 ended
2. Democratization of Japan
3. Nuremburg War Crimes Trial
4. The Truman Doctrine
5. European Recovery Act (Marshall Plan)
6. Organization of American States
7. Berlin Airlift
8. Voice of America (Radio Free Europe)
• DOMESTIC ISSUES
– 1. Post-War “Baby Boom”
– 2. Post-War recession
– 3. Atomic Energy Commission
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4. Taft-Hartley Labor Relations Act
5. 22nd Amendment
6. Presidential Succession Act
7. Civil Rights Commission Report
8. National Security Act
9. Selective Service System
ELECTION OF 1948
CANDIDATES
ISSUES
RESULTS
TRUMAN’S SECOND TERM (1949-1953)
DOMESTIC ISSUES
TRUMAN’S 2ND TERM
– 1. Fair Deal program announced
– 2. New “Red Scare” begins:
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The Alger Hiss Case
Dennis v. United States, 1949.
McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
McCarthy Hearings (1950)
Rosenberg Trial (1951)
– 3. McCarran-Walter Act (1952)
– FOREIGN AFFAIRS
– * 1. policy of containment appeared to be failing.
2. NATO organized 1949
3. “Point 4” Plan implemented
4. Korean War begins
KOREAN WAR
• June 24, 1950-North Korean troops cross 38th parallel.
• June 25, 1950-UN Security Council votes to defend
South Korea.
• UN “Police Action”
• Sept. 1950-UN troops retreat to Pusan
• Sept. 1950-American troops land at Inchon behind N.
Korean lines.
• Oct. 1950-UN forces invade N. Korea, Nov. 1950 at Yalu
River.
• Nov. 26, 1950-Communist Chinese forces invade UN
troops in N. Korea.
• Mar. 1951-UN forces north of 38th parallel.
• Mar. 1951- MacArthur asks Truman for permission to bomb China
(possible nuclear attack on Beijing) Truman refuses.
• April 1951-Truman relieves MacArthur of command
• June 1951- Peace talks begin