1
1. Figure 1a is a map showing the Amazon Rainforest. Figure 1b is a climatic graph of,
Manaus, a city in Brazil. Figure 1c shows the change of forest area in Brazil.
Figure 1a
Legend
Amazon rainforest
Brazil
0
Manaus
Brazil
Figure 1b
Climatic graph of Manaus, Brazil
30
28
26
350.0
24
22
20
18
16
Rainfall (mm)
300.0
250.0
200.0
14
12
10
8
6
150.0
100.0
4
2
0
50.0
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Temperature (Celsius)
400.0
2
Figure 1c
Indicators
Brazil
Total land area, 2010 (1 000 ha)
851,487
Forest area (1000 ha)
- 2000
- 2005
- 2010
545,943
530,494
519,522
Data source: Global Forest Resources Assessment, FAO
(a) According to Figure 1a and 1b, explain how physical factors influence
characteristics of rainforest vegetation in Brazil.
(7 marks)
(b) Refer to Figure 1c.
(i)
Calculate the percentage of forest cover in 2010.
(1 mark)
(ii)
Draw a line graph to show the change in forest area of Brazil from 2000 to
2010.
(3 marks)
(iii) Describe and explain the trend of deforestation in Brazil with reference to
your answer for b(ii).
(3 marks)
(c) Do you think the protection of rainforests will hinder the development of the
local economy? Justify your answer.
(4 marks)
3
Suggested answers:
(a)
(b) (i)
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
located in equatorial area / within the tropics
-
high temperature all year / mean annual temperature is 26.7C
high rainfall all year / mean annual rainfall is 2286.2 mm
so leaves are broad-leaved / waxy / with drip-tips
no seasonal variation: evergreen forest
ideal conditions for luxuriant and dense vegetation cover
complex and stratified structure / sunlight are blocked by continuous
canopy
tall trees, / high branching, / broad crowns / and climbers to compete
-
for sunlight
tall trees are supported by buttress roots
1 (7)
-
61%
1 (1)
(ii)
1
1
A line graph showing the change in forest area of Brazil
(iii) -
title
accuracy
1
2 (3)
the forest area decreases steadily (2000-2010)
because of the forest clearing for agriculture, / infrastructure
improvements / and logging
1
1
4
-
the deforestation rate decreased (2005-2010)
-
because of the support of the Brazilian government / and
non-governmental environmental groups,
e.g. forest rehabilitation, / expansion of protected areas, / law
enforcement
-
(c)
1
1
1 (3)
Yes
- native people depend on forests for their livelihood
- restrictions on logging activities / deforestation
- hinder the development of agriculture /and mining
- poverty / great debt borne by less developed countries
1
1
1
1
-
1
population growth / pressure
OR
No
- setting up of national parks / and natural reserves
- development of eco-tourism
- create income for local people
- willing to protect wildlife resources
- striking a balance between protection and economic development /
-
better forest management
sustainable development of rainforest / not threatening the future
survival of the forests
1
1
1
1
1
1
(4)
Max.18