History 2312 Final Exam
Dr. Brunet
Name_________________________________
Spring 2013
Answer TWO of the following questions in complete and separate essays. (50 pts.
each) Your essays should have a title, be computer written and double-spaced. Write
your name on the LAST page of your paper. Use this page as a cover sheet.
This exam is due at the beginning of class on May 7.
The 19th century was a century of sweeping political changes. What are some of the political
and social ideologies (-isms) espoused during this time? Make sure you define them. Why were
people thinking in new terms about their societies and governments and each other?
Napoleon has been called both the savior of the French Revolution and the betrayer of the
French Revolution. Assess his career. Which of the previous descriptions do you agree with?
Explain.
The Scientific Revolution radically changed Europe and paved the way for the Enlightenment.
What changes occurred in Europe that allowed for the advancement of science, and how did
these advancements change the mindset of Europe? Does science replace authority, and does
science become a new “religion” in the 17th and 18th centuries? How about the 20th and 21st
centuries?