Review Sheet for Exam #2 (Morris Chapters 5 - 8) Dr. Solti This review is meant to serve as a guide to ensure your notes are complete. You will need to be able to do/understand and READ YOUR BOOK! Simply filling out this review sheet will not be enough to earn a good grade. Know the Cell Theory Know all of the components of a plasma membrane Understand the Fluid Mosaic Model Know the selective permeability of membranes Understand simple diffusion, osmosis, effects of osmosis on animal cells/plant cells, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Know which ones are passive vs. active. Know the components of all living cells Know the characteristics of prokaryotic cells vs. eukaryotic cells Know the differences between animal eukaryotic cells and plant eukaryotic cells Understand the Endomembrane System Know all organelles: nucleus, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts. Know their characteristics and what cells(s) they are found in. Know the requirements of a cell Know the definition of metabolism: understand chemoheterotroph and photoautotroph Understand catabolism (and examples) vs. anabolism (examples) Understand definition and different forms of energy Know the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics Understand Gibbs Free Energy and its equation Understand - delta G, + delta G, delta G = 0; exergonic vs. endergonic reactions Know the structure of ATP, its hydrolysis, energetic coupling, and how ATP works Understand Activation Energy and rate of a reaction Understand enzymes, their shape, active site, enzyme/substrate complex; inhibitors/activators, and allosteric enzymes Define oxidation and reduction Understand the general equation for cellular respiration (CR), what is oxidized and what is reduced, characteristics of CR Know the structure of mitochondria and which part of CR occurs where Know the 4 stages of CR, where they occur, inputs/outputs Understand the electron carriers in CR Know substrate level phosphorylation Understand the fate of pyruvate Know the ETC and OxPhos in detail Understand 2 types of fermentation Know glucose storage, other sugars in glycolysis, and beta oxidation Know the general equation for photosynthesis (PS) and what is oxidized and reduced Know structure of a chloroplast Know the overview of PS and its 2 stages, and where they occur in chloroplast Know where oxygen comes from in PS Know the 3 stages of Calvin Cycle Understand what light absorption is, what it produces, involvement of chloroplyll, reaction centers, two photosystems/Z scheme Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants