Dr. Solti, 2012

Know the definitions for: anatomy, physiology, embryology, histology, pathology

Know the levels of structural organization in the body

Know the functions of the organ systems

Know the definition of homeostasis; understand positive and negative feedback and how they work; stimulus and 3 components of feedback system

Know the anatomical position, know the common names/corresponding anatomical terms for specific body regions; know supine and prone

Know all directional terms

Know planes and sections

Know the body cavities and their parts

Know the 4 quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity

Know the definitions of matter, mass, weight, element and atom

Know the subatomic particles of an atom; know atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes

Know the definition of chemical bonding, ion, cation, anion, ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polar covalent bonding, nonpolar covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding

Know that anabolic reactions (anabolism) build larger polymers from smaller monomers. These are called dehydration synthesis reactions and one water molecule is removed for each new bond made. Catabolic reactions (catabolism) breaks down larger polymers into smaller ones. These are decomposition or hydrolysis reactions since one water molecule is added for every bond broken.

Know oxidation-reduction: losing or donating electrons is oxidation, gaining electrons is reduction.

Know about enzymes; know how enzymes speed up reactions

Know the definitions of inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry

Understand the pH scale, neutral, acid, base

Know what carbohydrates are; their monomers are simple sugars
(monosaccharides); study Table for roles of carbohydrates and examples of mono-, di- and polysaccharides and their functions

Know what lipids are; their monomers are glycerol and fatty acids; know Table for functions/examples; Know what a fat is, unsaturated fat and saturated fat, phospholipids, steroid

Know what a protein is, monomers are amino acids, Table for functions/examples

Know what nucleic acids are, monomers are nucleotides which are made up of: pentose sugar (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), phosphate, and

nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine in DNA or adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine in RNA).

Know what ATP is and its function

Know all of the parts of a cell and their function

Know plasma membrane, the fluid-mosaic model, and marker molecules

Know hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, what happens to cells if placed in each of these solutions

Understand protein synthesis: transcription and translation.

Know the cell cycle

Understand mitosis, the mitotic phases, and cytokinesis

Understand meiosis

Know the definitions of tissue, histology, extracellular matrix

Know the 4 major tissue types; their characteristics and functions

Epithelial tissue: know their functions and characteristics

Know how epithelium is classified

Know structure, function, and locations of simple squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium
(both moist and keratinized), pseudostratified columnar epithelium (both ciliated and nonciliated), and transitional epithelium

Epithelium: avascular, has nerves

Connective Tissue: has vasculature (exceptions ..cartilage, tendons/ligaments), has nerves (exception....cartilage)

Know the difference between blast cells, cyte cells, and clast cells of CT
 Know the 2 types of embryonic CT: mesenchyme and Wharton’s Jelly

Know the 6 types of adult CT: loose CT, dense CT, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, bone marrow/blood

Know the 3 types of fibers in CT extracellular matrix

Know the characteristics/location of 3 types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage; no blood vessels, no nerves, heals very slowly; exception: perichondrium surrounding cartilage (vasculature, nerves)

Know the characteristics of bone; locations of spongy bone/cancellous (know trabeculae and lacunae) and compact bone (know lacunae, lamella, osteons),

Know about bone marrow; red versus yellow

Know what neurons are, know about the cell body, axons (message away), dendrites (message toward); know neuroglia

Know the 3 types of muscle tissue and their characteristics

Know mucous membranes, synovial membranes, serous membranes

Know about tissue aging