Avogadro Scale Engineering
Molecular Machine (Jacobson) Group
MIT – June 2004
Molecular Machines (Jacobson) Group
red blood cell
~5 m (SEM)
DNA
proteins
nm
Simple
molecules
<1nm
diatom
30 m
bacteria
1 m
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
m
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
SOI transistor
width 0.12m
Semiconductor
Nanocrystal
~1 nm
Nanotube Transistor
(Dekker)
1012 bits/cm2 (1Tbit/cm2)
Circuit design
Copper wiring
width 0.1m
IBM PowerPC 750TM
Microprocessor
7.56mm×8.799mm
6.35×106 transistors
Fabricational Complexity
•Total Complexity
•Complexity Per Unit Volume
•Complexity Per Unit Time*Energy
•Complexity Per unit Cost
Ffab = ln (W) / [ a3 tfab Efab ]
Ffab = ln (M)e-1 / [ a3 tfab Efab ]
Fabricational Complexity
Genome
(Natural)
Design Rule Smallest Dimension
(microns)
0.0003
Number of Types of Elements
4
Area of SOA Artifact (Sq. Microns)
NA
Volume of SOA Artifact (Cubic Microns)
6.E+01
Number of Elements in SOA Artifact
3.E+09
Volume Per Element(Cubic Microns)
2.E-08
Fabrication Time(seconds)
4.E+03
Time Per Element (Seconds)
1.E-06
Fabrication Cost for SOA Artifact($)
1.E-07
Cost Per Element
3.E-17
Complexity
4.E+09
Complexity Per Unit Volume of SOA(um^3) 7.E+07
Complexity Per Unit Time
1.E+06
Complexity Per Unit Cost
4.E+16
Cost Per Area
NA
Gene Chip
(Chemical SemiParallel
conductor
Synthesis) Chip
0.0003
4
7.E+08
5.E+06
7.E+04
8.E+01
2.E+04
3.E+02
1.E+02
2.E-03
9.E+04
2.E-02
6.E+00
9.E+02
2.E-07
0.1
8
7.E+10
7.E+09
7.E+12
1.E-03
9.E+04
1.E-08
1.E+02
2.E-11
2.E+13
2.E+03
2.E+08
1.E+11
2.E-09
High
Speed
Offset
Web
10
6
2.E+12
2.E+12
2.E+10
1.E+02
1.E-01
7.E-12
1.E-01
6.E-12
4.E+10
2.E-02
3.E+11
3.E+11
6.E-14
TFT
2
8
1.E+12
1.E+11
3.E+11
4.E-01
7.E+02
2.E-09
2.E+03
6.E-09
6.E+11
5.E+00
9.E+08
3.E+08
2.E-09
Liquid
DVD-5 Embossing
0.5
2
1.E+10
7.E+12
5.E+10
2.E+02
3
7.E-11
3.E-02
7.E-13
3.E+10
5.E-03
1.E+10
1.E+12
3.E-12
0.2
4
8.E+09
8.E+08
2.E+11
4.E-03
6.E+01
3.E-10
2.E-01
1.E-12
3.E+11
3.E+02
5.E+09
1.E+12
3.E-11
…Can we use this map as a guide towards future
directions in fabrication?
Moleography – MIT
15 nm
Direct Beam Fabricated Structures
Ridley, B.A., B. Nivi, and J.M. Jacobson,. Science, 1999. 286(5440): p. 746-749
(First Demonstration of All Inorganic Active Devices (Transistors) Solely from Nanoparticle Building Blocks).
Bulthaup, C.A.,Jacobson et al.. Applied Physics Letters, 2001. 79(10): p. 1525-1527.
Ridley, B.A., et al.,. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 2000. 581\
Griffith, S., et al.. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 2002. 20(6): p. 2768-2772.
Jacobson Group –2004