Review Sheet for Exam 1
Key Terms:
New World: Columbian Exchange, Utopia, Tenochtitlan, Zheng He, Timbuktu, Bering
Land Bridge/Beringia, Aztecs, Christopher Columbus.
Slavery: Canary Islands, Guanches, coffles, Zong, Maroon communities, Palmares
Shakespeare’s England: Bubonic Plague, humors, The Book of Martyrs, Bedlam,
enclosure, mercantilism, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations.
English Colonization: Jamestown, plantation settlement, George Pearcy, John Rolfe,
indentured servitude, freedom dues, freeman, Nathaniel Bacon, William Berekeley,
Bacon’s Rebellion, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Pilgrims, Puritans,
predestination, “the elect,” Max Weber, “Yankees,” Salem Witch Trial.
Religion: The Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry
God,” disestablishment.
Revolutionary War: Seven Years War/French and Indian War, nationalism, Alexis de
Tocqueville, “revolution of rising expectations,” Proclamation of 1763, Quartering Act,
the Stamp Act, Townsend Duties, Quebec Act, Lexington/Concord, Lord Dunmore’s
Proclamation.
Review Questions
1. Where did the ancestors of the Indians come from and when did they arrive in the
New World?
2. Why did the New World Indians suffer substantial population losses after 1492?
How great were the losses?
3. Define the Columbian Exchange. Describe its significance and impact on
Africans, indigenous Indians, and Europeans.
4. Why did Europeans turn to Africa for slaves? Explain the process by which
Africans became slaves. How was slavery different in Africa? Describe the
middle passage. How did slavery impact Africa and the Americans?
5. Why, at first, was Jamestown a failure, and how did it become a success?
6. Explain why English colonies like Jamestown initially preferred indentured
servants over slaves. What happened to change this? Which was the only colony
to try to prohibit slavery?
7. Describe the long term and short term factors that led to the coming of the
American Revolution. Was a revolt of Britain’s American colonies inevitable?
Potential Essays
1. Discuss new world slavery. Where did the bulk of the world’s slaves come from
prior to 1450? Discuss why and how this changed? Discuss the ways in which
new world slavery was different from previous forms of slavery. Explain why did
Europeans went to Africa for slaves? How did most Africans become enslaved?
Describe the conditions of the middle passage. In detail, what was the impact of
the slave trade on Africa? Finally discuss the ways in which enslaved Africans
positively impacted American culture.
2. Discuss the pros and cons of the American Revolutionary movement. How could
one argue that rebellion against the British government was either justified or
unwarranted? Assess the various grievances the colonists had against the
government and legitimacy of those grievances. Even if you see them as
legitimate, does it justify rebellion? Evaluate British responses to these protests –
did the British underestimate the colonists’ desire to rebel? What strengths did
the British have – and what actually accounted for American victory in the
Revolutionary War?