NZQA registered unit standard
16065 version 3
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Title
Describe Māori approaches to social control and legal systems
Level
3
Credits
6
Purpose
People credited with this unit standard are able to: describe the
concepts which were fundamental to traditional Maori systems
of social control; describe changes to Māori society and
consequent changes to Māori forms of social control following
colonisation; describe contemporary approaches to
incorporating tikanga Māori into the New Zealand legal system.
Classification
Tikanga > Tikanga Concepts
Available grade
Achieved
Explanatory notes
1
Resource support includes:
Barlow, C, Tikanga Whakaaro: Key Concepts in Māori Culture, (Auckland, NZ:
Oxford University Press, 1991).
Best, E, The Māori as He Was, (Wellington, NZ: Government Printer, 1974).
Jackson, M, The Māori and the Criminal Justice System, (Christchurch, NZ: Centre
for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury, 1988).
Kawharu, I H (ed), Waitangi: Māori and Pākehā Perspectives of the Treaty of
Waitangi, (Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press, 1989).
Moon, P, Māori Social and Economic History to the End of the Nineteenth Century,
(Auckland, NZ: Birdwood Publishing, 1993).
2
Key Māori concepts in this unit standard include:
Kawa and tikanga
Kawa and tikanga refers to the appropriate practice or protocol to be used in
particular situations. These practices or protocols reflect the concepts or mores upon
which they are based. Failure to perform kawa or tikanga at the appropriate time
impacts on the mana of all involved. Tikanga provided guidelines for appropriate
behaviour in Māori society and prescribed consequences for any breaches.
Mana
The particular aspects of mana referred to here are respect and status of individuals.
Respect for others and, therefore, their mana is very important. Relative positions
and roles of different individuals and groups was measured in terms of the mana
ascribed to the individual or group.
NZQA Māori Qualifications Services
SSB Code 194
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA registered unit standard
16065 version 3
Page 2 of 4
Tapu and Noa
Tapu and noa can refer to conditions or states associated with people, places or
objects. Tapu, literally sacred or set apart, is a state under the influence of ngā atua.
Noa is the state when the tapu has been lifted or there is no tapu. In terms of its
effects on social behaviour, tapu and noa provided boundaries and norms within
society which were often also tied to consequences as a result of breach of
reasonable behaviour or norms. As these conditions were influenced by ngā atua,
the consequences were also often the work of ngā atua.
Outcomes and evidence requirements
Outcome 1
Describe the concepts which were fundamental to Maori systems of social control prior to
contact with Pākehā.
Evidence requirements
1.1
The description details the relationship between tikanga and law.
1.2
The description details concepts which were forms of social control.
Range
1.3
concepts may include but are not limited to – tapu and noa;
rangatira; whakapapa; tuakana and teina; tūtua; mōkai; roles of
tāne and wāhine; mana; wairua; pakiwaitara; muru.
Evidence of three concepts are required.
The description details effects of the concepts on behaviour of hapū members.
Range
concepts can include but are not limited to – whakapapa; tapu and
noa; rangatiratanga; rāhui; mana; wairua; muru.
Outcome 2
Describe changes to Māori society and consequent changes to Māori forms of social
control following colonisation.
Evidence requirements
2.1
The description details the effects of colonisation on Māori society.
Range
effects may include but are not limited to – loss of land; loss of
authority; establishment of parliament; urbanisation; legislation;
introduced religion; changes to whānau, hapū and iwi structures.
Evidence of three effects required.
NZQA Māori Qualifications Services
SSB Code 194
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA registered unit standard
2.2
16065 version 3
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The description details the effects of changes to Māori society on systems of
social control.
effects may include but are not limited to – breakdown of social
structures; changing belief systems; changing demographics.
Evidence of three effects required.
Range
Outcome 3
Describe contemporary approaches to incorporating tikanga Māori into the New Zealand
legal system.
Evidence requirements
3.1
The description details marae or hapū based sentencing as used in some
courts.
3.2
The description details use of te reo Māori in courts of law.
3.3
The description details recognition of customary Māori fishing rights in
legislation.
Planned review date
31 December 2016
Status information and last date for assessment for superseded versions
Process
Version Date
Last Date for Assessment
Registration
1
29 June 1999
31 December 2015
Review
2
19 December 2003
31 December 2015
Rollover and
Revision
3
12 December 2013
N/A
Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMR) reference
0226
This CMR can be accessed at http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/framework/search/index.do.
Please note
Providers must be granted consent to assess against standards (accredited) by NZQA,
before they can report credits from assessment against unit standards or deliver courses
of study leading to that assessment.
Industry Training Organisations must be granted consent to assess against standards by
NZQA before they can register credits from assessment against unit standards.
Providers and Industry Training Organisations, which have been granted consent and
which are assessing against unit standards must engage with the moderation system that
applies to those standards.
NZQA Māori Qualifications Services
SSB Code 194
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA registered unit standard
16065 version 3
Page 4 of 4
Requirements for consent to assess and an outline of the moderation system that applies
to this standard are outlined in the Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMR). The
CMR also includes useful information about special requirements for organisations wishing
to develop education and training programmes, such as minimum qualifications for tutors
and assessors, and special resource requirements.
Comments on this unit standard
Please contact the NZQA Māori Qualifications Services mqs@nzqa.govt.nz if you wish to
suggest changes to the content of this unit standard.
NZQA Māori Qualifications Services
SSB Code 194
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016