Senior Thesis Final Presentation
Rami Moussa
Mechanical Option
Advisor: Professor Treado
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
4/11/11
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Introduction
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Introduction
The Village of Gambier
-Project and Facility Background Information
-Intention of Study
-Key Preliminary Research Findings
Kenyon
College
Campus
Studies:
-Depth: Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Study
-CHP Concepts
-Model Results & Analysis
-Breadth No.1: Acoustic Study
Conclusion
-Effectiveness Assessment of Systems
Acknowledgements
Questions
Kenyon College
The Village of Gambier
Peirce Hall history
Intention of Studies
LEED certification
Benefits
Reduced energy use
Qualify for incentives
Grants
N
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
I.
II.
Introduction
Background Information
►1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
Project Information
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Kenyon College
Size: 66,640 SF
Occupancy types: A-2 (restaurant) and A-3 (assembly)
Dates of Construction: Spring 2006 - Spring 2008
Total Cost: $18 Million
Project Team:
Owner - Kenyon College
Architect - Gund Partnership
Structural Engineer - LeMessurier Consultants, Inc.
Construction Management - The Albert M. Higley Co.
MEP and FP Engineers - Syska Hennessy Group, Inc.
Project Delivery: Design-Bid-Build
Rear View from North East
Rear View from South East
Servery Link Construction
New Servery Link
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
I.
II.
Introduction
Background Information
1) Project Information
►2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
System Information
Heating
-Kenyon College natural gas fueled campus steam distribution
-Steam system (26 PSI)
-Hot water system (190°F)
Power
-Purchased from American Electric Power Company
LEED Credit Assessment
Section
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy and Atmosphere
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation Design
Regional Priority
Total
Points Acquired
9/29
4/10
5/35
2/14
6/15
1/6
0/4
27/80
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
CHP Concepts
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Dec
Nov
Oct
Sep
Aug
Jul
Jun
May
Apr
Mar
0.00
Average Monthly Demand Loads
800.00
600.00
Power
400.00
Heating
200.00
Month
Dec
Nov
Oct
Sep
Aug
0.00
Jul
-Heat engine (prime mover)
-Generator
-Heat exchanger
-System interconnections
1,000.00
Jun
Components
May
VI. Acknowledgements
Cooling
200.00
Month
V. Conclusion
-Complex operation and maintenance
-Careful application design considerations
Heating
400.00
Apr
Disadvantages
Constant
600.00
Feb
-Highly efficient process → lower utility cost
-Distributed generation
-Multiple uses for recovered heat
-Decreased exhaust emissions
800.00
Mar
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
Benefits
Spark Gap Calculation
Cost per Million Btu
Spark Gap
Power
Fuel
$36
$10
$26
Feb
III. Combined Heat and Power
►1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
-Burn fuel to generate electricity. Recover and distribute a fraction
of the exhausted heat from heat engine.
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
1,000.00
Jan
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
Gambier, Ohio
Average Monthly Demand Loads
Jan
II.
Basic CHP Concept
Demand Load [kWh]
Introduction
Demand Load [kWh]
I.
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Siemens' W501FD Test
Facility in Berlin, Germany
Capstone C30 Microturbine
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Selected Prime Mover
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Introduction
Microturbine
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
Capstone C800 High-Pressure Natural Gas 800 kW Power Package
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
Prime Mover Statistics:
-800 kW power output
-5,400 Btu/h heat output
per kW generated
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Capstone C800 Part Load Efficiency
Prime Mover Part Load Characteristics
35
30
25
Efficiency [%]
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
►2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
Benefits:
-Efficiency
-Emissions
-Capacity
Gambier, Ohio
Prime mover input/output [kW]
I.
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
20
15
Capstone C800 Microturbine
10
Typical Unrecuperated Turbine
V. Conclusion
5
VI. Acknowledgements
0
Linear (Capstone C800 Microturbine)
2500
2000
Fuel Input
1500
Heat Output
1000
Electric Output
500
0
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
Power [kW]
500
600
700
800
0.2
0.4
0.6
Part Load Ratio (PLR)
0.8
1.0
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Control Scenarios
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
►3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
CHP Model
-Calculate demand load
-Apply desired control scenario
-Calculate prime mover output
-Analyze amount of demand met and amount of additional energy
needed or wasted
W_L,CHP: Unused Electricity Generated by CHP Prime Mover
W_M,GRID: Electrical Demand met by Grid
W_M,CHP: Electrical Demand Load Met By CHP System
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Electric Load Following
Thermal Load Following
-100% of power demand met by CHP system
-Large amount of heat wasted during summer months
-100% heating demand met by CHP system
-System becomes inactive in summer months
-Large amount of power required from grid
Heat System Analysis of Electric Load
Following Scenario
Legend for the Following Tables:
Q_M,CS: Heating Demand Load Met By Campus Steam System
Q_L,CHP: Unused Heat Generated by CHP Prime Mover
Q_M,CHP: Heating Demand Load Met By CHP System
Gambier, Ohio
Power System Analysis of Thermal Load
Following Scenario
1,400
1,400
1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
800
Q_M,CS
600
Q_L,CHP
400
Energy [kWh]
Introduction
Energy [kWh]
I.
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
800
W_L,CHP
600
W_M,GRID
400
Q_M,CHP
W_M,CHP
200
200
0
0
Month
Month
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Results & Analysis
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Introduction
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
►4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
Summary of Results
-Electric load following design is most effective:
-Independence from grid provider
-Efficiency equal to grid provider
-Wasted energy can potentially be utilized
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Room for Improvement
Annual Cost Comparison by Operation Scenario
∆ from
System
Fuel
Power
SHP
SHP
$99,000
$416,000
CHP (Electric) $468,000
373%
$0
CHP (Thermal) $190,000
92%
$378,000
-Absorption cooling
-Expanded system
Heat System Analysis of Electric Load
Following Scenario
1,400
Q_M,CS: Heating Demand Load Met By Campus Steam System
Q_L,CHP: Unused Heat Generated by CHP Prime Mover
Q_M,CHP: Heating Demand Load Met By CHP System
W_L,CHP: Unused Electricity Generated by CHP Prime Mover
W_M,GRID: Electrical Demand met by Grid
W_M,CHP: Electrical Demand Load Met By CHP System
EPA Annual Emissions
Analysis (SHP Comparison)
1,200
Legend for the Following Tables:
Energy [kWh]
I.
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
1,000
800
Q_M,CS
600
Q_L,CHP
400
Q_M,CHP
200
0
Month
NOx (tons/year)
SO2 (tons/year)
CO2 (tons/year)
Carbon (metric tons/year)
Fuel Consumption
(MBtu/year)
Number of Cars Removed
∆ from
SHP
-100%
-9%
0.77
0.01
2,530
625
Displaced
Electricity
Production
9.34
28.15
3,942
975
Displaced
Thermal
Production
1.29
0.01
1,500
371
43,352
38,426
25,714
CHP
System
Total
∆ from
SHP
$515,000
$468,000
$568,000
-9%
10%
Emissions/Fuel
Reduction
Percent
Reduction
9.86
28.14
2,913
720
93%
100%
54%
54%
20,788
32%
481
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
I.
Introduction
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
►1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Acoustic Considerations
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Location Considerations
-Size
-Proximity to steam and power building entrances
-Sightlines to inner campus and surrounding areas
N
Acoustic Characteristics
-Single unit sound pressure level (SPL) is 65 dBA at 10 m
-Known part load high pitch noise
-Reduced SPL at Pierce Hall exterior wall below 50 dBA
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
Peirce Hall Site with Possible Prime Mover Location
Google Map of Peirce Hall Site
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
I.
Introduction
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
►2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Acoustic Treatment
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Acoustic Characteristics
-Construct a “sealed” housing structure for the prime movers
-Three CMU wall constructions explored:
1) Standard 8” x 8” x 16” CMU [STC – 45]
2) (1) with center grout and steel reinforcement [STC – 48]
3) (2) with 2 coats oil based paint on each side [STC – 55]
Sound Pressure Level at Peirce Hall from 20 ft
Type
STC
SPL (dBA)
1
45
33
2
48
30
3
55
23
N
Peirce Hall Site with Prime Mover Location
Google Map of Peirce Hall Site
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Conclusion
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
I.
Introduction
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
Meeting Intentions of Studies
-Recognizably efficient building systems
-Fuel savings provide improvement needed
-LEED prerequisites
LEED Credit Assessment
Section
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy and Atmosphere
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation Design
Regional Priority
Total
Points Acquired
9/29
4/10
5(+13)/35
2/14
6/15
1/6
0/4
40/80
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
I.
Introduction
II.
Background Information
1) Project Information
2) System Information
III. Combined Heat and Power
1) CHP Concepts
2) Selected Prime Mover
3) Control Scenarios
4) Summary of Results
IV. Acoustic Study
1) Acoustic Considerations
2) Acoustic Treatment
V. Conclusion
VI. Acknowledgements
Sponsors:
Kenyon College
Syska Hennessy Group, Inc.
Kenyon College Contacts:
Mr. Mark Kohlman
Mr. Everett Neal
Syska Hennessy Group, Inc. Contacts:
Mr. William Caretsky
Mr. John Leeds
Acknowledgements
Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering department:
Professor Stephen Treado
Professor James Freihaut
Professor William Bahnfleth
Professor Bob Holland
Professor Kevin Parfitt
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option
Questions
Questions?
Peirce Hall, Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio
Rami Moussa | Mechanical Option