Unit I: Lesson 1
Geography
Pre-history
History
Revolution
Civilization
• Identify 10 details you see in this scene.
• How would you describe the scene?
• Who are the people involved?
• What do you hear, smell, taste and feel in this
scene?
• What action do you see in this scene?
GEOGRAPHY IS:
the study of
•people, their
•environment, and the
•resources available to them.
5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY:
Movement
Place
Region
THE HUMAN
STORY
Location
HumanEnvironment
Interaction
HISTORY IS:
•humanity’s past based on written records (evidence):
•recorded time beginning about
5,000 yrs. ago
•found in letters, tax records, diaries, film, photographs, and on
the
internet
• History is based on three factors, each one affecting the other
two (ESP):
•E conomics
•Society
•P olitics
TRAITS OF PRE-HISTORIC
PALEOLITHIC (OLD STONE) AGE:
• nomadic
• used a spoken language
• wore clothing
• were technical (could make
& use tools)
• caves / over-hangs as shelters
• built fires for
light,
warmth,
protection,
cooking
• belief in an afterlife
?
THE NEOLITHIC (NEW STONE) AGE INTRODUCED AN
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION:
People B/4:
People after:
• hunted
• learned to farm
• gathered
• produced own food
• nomadic
• settled in villages
• push factors
• domesticated animals
• pull factors
BASIC FEATURES OF CIVILIZATIONS:
•Farmers cultivated lands along river valleys, producing
surplus food >
•Surpluses caused populations to expand >
•As populations grew, villages swelled into
cities.
EFFECTS OF THE NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION:
• Changed the way humans lived
• Use of agriculture allowed humans to develop permanent
settlements, social classes, & new technologies
• Some of these early groups settled in the fertile valleys of
•the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Yellow, and Indus Rivers
• This resulted in the rise of great civilizations in
Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India
• In the Americas, groups of Asian hunters
crossed a land-bridge connecting Asia and
Alaska along what is now known as the
Bering Strait. By spreading southwards, they
settled along lakes and rivers where they
experienced their own
Neolithic Revolution in which they learned to
grow maize.
*
A CIVILIZATION:
• is a complex, highly organized, social
order with the following
5 traits:
1). cities (centers of
trade for a larger area)
2). advanced
technology
3). specialized
(specifically trained)
workers
4). form of
writing
5). Complex institutions:
White House
Congress
a. form of government
b. organized religion
HOW DO CIVILIZATIONS SPREAD AND CHANGE?
• Ancient rulers often gained enough
power to conquer territories beyond their cities;
• these rulers, therefore, created
city-states and;
• even more powerful rulers often created
empires;
•Civilizations can also change when the natural environment
changes.
• Interaction among people also causes environments to change.
CULTURAL DIFFUSION IS:
• the spread of ideas,
customs, & technologies from one people to another
through migration, trade, &
warfare.
INDIVIDUAL YEARS OF DATING HISTORY:
• B.C. = b/4 the birth of
Christ or B.C.E.
(b/4 the Common Era)
• A.D. =
“Anno Domini” – (since the birth of Christ) or
C. E.
(since the Common Era)
AGES OR ERAS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION:
=
• Ancient Times: 4000 B.C. – A.D. 500 (until the fall of the
Roman Empire)
• Medieval Times (the Middle Ages): A.D. 500 (from the fall of
Rome) – A.D. 1400 (until the Italian Renaissance)
• Modern Times A.D. 1400 (when Italian Renaissance began)
to the present
Oink or Cackle?
LETS REVIEW WHAT WE
KNOW SO FAR!
The five themes of geography are: human-environment
interaction, location, place, movement, and ___
region
Geography is the study of people, their ___, and
the resources made available to them.
environment
When people changed from hunting and gathering their
food to settling in villages and learning to farm their own
crops and raise their own animals, this change became
known as the ___ ___.
Neolithic Revolution
Humanity’s past based on written records is called ___.
history
A complex, highly organized social order is called ____.
civilization
The three factors that always relate to and affect one
another are economics, society, and ___.
politics
The spreading of ideas, customs, and technologies from one
people to another through migration, trade, or war is called
___ ___.
cultural diffusion
How did Asian groups during the Stone Age arrive in
the Americas?
They crossed a land bridge that is now known as the
Bering Strait.
The five characteristics or traits that constitute any civilization
are: specialized workers, advanced technology, form of writing,
complex institutions (government & religion), and ___.
centers of trade
(cities)
Which era of Western Civilization ended with the fall of the
Roman Empire in A.D. 476?
Ancient Times
Which era of Western Civilization began with the fall of the Roman
Empire?
Medieval Times
(Middle Ages)
Which era of Western Civilization began with the Italian
Renaissance?
Modern Times
(present times)
This economic system is the one practiced in the United
States.
capitalism
People in ancient civilizations practiced this when they
moved from their farming communities to centers of trade
to work as skilled artisans and merchants:
urbanization
TERMS:
•
Latin term for A. D. meaning “in the year of our Lord” or
“since the birth of Christ”
Anno Domini
•
a state that controls other lands and peoples
empire
•
kind of government headed by religious leaders
theocracy
•
dictatorial government controlling all aspects of life
totalitarian
•
a small, usually wealthy, group that holds political power
oligarchy
•
ruler with unlimited power
autocrat
•
A line of rulers from the same family
dynasty