Overlays and The Evolution of
BGP Peering
Agenda
• BGP Issues
– Overlay Networks
– VPNs
– ToR
• BGP Peering Today
– Rise of the Tier-3 ISPs
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
BGP Issues
• End user has no control:
• End user would like control to:
– Avoid certain ISP/AS/Countries for privacy/security
reasons
– Avoid certain ISP for performance reasons
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
Alice->Bob
Alice->Goog
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
Alice->Bob
Alice->Goog
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
Bob->Goog
Alice->Goog
OK_NET
FASTNET
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
Bob->Goog
FASTNET Alice->Goog
MY_NET
EVILNET
Overlay Networks
OK_NET
FASTNET Alice->Goog
MY_NET
EVILNET
Examples of Overlays
Security V. Privacy
VPN – Virtual Private Networks
Security Oriented Overlay
ToR: Onion Routing
Get list of
ToR nodes
Knows the source,
but not the destination
knows neither the source, nor the destination
Knows the destination,
but not the source
No Node in the network knows the destination AND the Source
So you can browse anonymously
TOR Anonymity network
Everyone knows the TOR Nodes
To Stop Anonymous communication I can block traffic to the TOR nodes
Privacy V. Security Overlay
BGP Relationships and Peering Today
• Before:
– Tier-1 Peer with each other
for free
– Tier-2 pays Tier-1
– Tier-3 pays Tier-2
– We pay Tier-3
Tier-1 e.g. ATT, Level 3
Tier-2
• Tier-1 can choose to peer
with anyone.
• Tier-1 Does not pay
anyone
Tier-3 e.g.
Comcast
Users
Content
providers
& (CDN)
BGP Relationships and Peering Today
• After Videos and Social
networks became HUGE
• The end-user is important
– ADs or videos
– Very good user experience
• Now Tier-3s are become
powerful players
– Tier-3 charge for peering
– “Paid Peering”
– Essentially a direct
connection to the users
Traditional ISP relationships
New Model with Paid-Peering
Example: Netflix (2010)
•
Level 3 is a Tier-1 ISP with CDNs
•
Netflix switches from Akamai to Level 3
– Level 3 is cheaper than Akamai
•
Level3 asks Comcast for more capacity
•
Comcast says: Not Unless you start
paying.
•
After months of struggle Level3 agrees
to pay Compast for traffic.
•
A Tier-1 ISP is now paying a Tier-3 ISP
– This changes everything
Example: Netflix (2010)
•
Level 3 is a Tier-1 ISP with CDNs
•
Netflix switches from Akamai to Level 3
– Level 3 is cheaper than Akamai
•
Level3 asks Comcast for more capacity
•
Comcast says: Not Unless you start
paying.
•
After months of struggle Level3 agrees
to pay Compast for traffic.
•
A Tier-1 ISP is now paying a Tier-3 ISP
– This changes everything
Reflection on the State of the Internet
Logics About Final Project
Milestones
Project Types
• Partner Selection
•
–
– Groups 2, 3.
– Potentially pick a topic
• Proposal (10/14/2015)
– 2 pages
• Presentation
– 15 minutes
• Final Report
– 6 pages
Measurement driven
Understand aspects of the Internet
•
•
–
Data Analysis driven:
•
•
Understand quality of Bug/Repo
More Open-Ended
–
–
•
Understand web-services
Understand BGP
Improving quality of experience (mobile)
Fault tolerance in BGP networks
Re-implementation
–
–
–
Goal: OpenSource an existing idea (SDN
related).
Learn to integrate with a cloud platform
(e.g. OpenStack)
Learn to integrate with Map-Reduce