Developing Intrapreneurship Curriculum
Eileen Huish
Interprofessional Education
Cathy Hamilton
Midwifery Programme Tutor
Suzanne Ball
Careers Consultant
LTI Lunchtime Seminar
16.11.09
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Overview of Seminar
•
•
•
•
•
Curricula drivers
Definitions
Pilot stage
Where are we now? – outputs
Discussion
– Have you anything to share?
– How can you move forward in your programme?
– How can you make it relevant for your students?
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Curriculum Drivers
in
Health and Social Care
• Entrepreneurship agenda
• Service improvement
NHS Institute for Innovation & Improvement
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Entrepreneurship Agenda
UH requirement at validation or revalidation
• Issues
– Full curriculum (Professional Bodies)
– Student expectations
– Not relevant
• However
–
–
–
–
Workforce issues
Patient safety & patient expectations
Need for creative thinking
New ways of working
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Definitions
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is someone who is prepared to
undertake financial risk when setting up a
business with the aim of making a profit.
Intrapreneur
An intrapreneur is someone who engages in
entrepreneurial activities within an organisation
to improve the organisation or the service it
provides.
(National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, 2007)
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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NHS Institute
for
Innovation and Improvement
The vision
Every single person is capable, enabled and
encouraged to work with others to improve their
part of the service.
(Penny, 2003)
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Service Improvement
NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement
• Aim – tools and techniques of improvement into
curricula - everyone’s business
• Based on ‘Lean’ – Toyota
• Process and systems thinking
– Process mapping
• Are all changes improvements?
• Models for improvement
– Plan Do Study Act, PDSA
• Theory and Practice elements
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Service Improvement Working Group
• Programme representatives from diagnostic
radiography, dietetics, midwifery, nursing,
paramedic science, pharmacy, physiotherapy, &
radiotherapy.
• Faculty Careers Consultant
• Student representatives
• Service Improvement Lead from a local NHS
Trust
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Pilots 08/09
• 2 x ½ day pilots – improvement theory
• Building on content of an interprofessional
education existing module
• Students attended on a voluntary basis
• Certificates of attendance
• Coffee & cakes
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Who knows how to make a cake?
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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A Model for Improvement
Aims
Measurement
Ideas, hunches,
other people
etc.
What are you trying to
accomplish?
Three fundamental
questions for
improvement
How will you know that a
change is an improvement?
What changes can you make that will
result in the improvements you seek ?
Act
Plan
How do we change?
Study
Do
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
How to answer the 3rd
question
Langley et al (1996)
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Process Mapping and Creative Thinking
Pathway for suspected ovarian cancer
Pt goes to GP
with
symptoms
GP refers pt for
ultrasound
Pt has ultrasound.
Sonographer sees
suspicious ovarian
appearances
GP sends pt to
hospital for
blood test
Pt goes to GP.
Results are
discussed
Ultrasound
result goes to
GP
Normal blood
test
Pt is
monitored or
discharged
Abnormal blood
test
Pt referred
urgently to
gynae clinic
Pt goes back to
GP for result of
blood test
How could this pathway be improved?
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Process Mapping and Creative Thinking
New pathway for suspected ovarian cancer
Pt goes to GP
with
symptoms
Specialist nurse
evaluates
ultrasound and
blood test reports
together.
Specialist nurse
phones patient
GP refers pt for
ultrasound
Pt goes home and
waits for phone
call from specialist
gynae nurse
Pt has ultrasound.
Sonographer sees
suspicious ovary.
Sonographer counsels pt,
writes blood test form and
sends ultrasound report to
specialist gynae nurse
Patient goes
straight for blood
test
Pt goes back to
GP
Pt goes to gynae
clinic urgently
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Entrepreneurs
We asked the students to think of well known
entrepreneurs.
They discussed entrepreneurial knowledge,
skills and attitudes.
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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National Council for Graduate
Entrepreneurship (NCGE)
Benchmark Template
• constantly see yourself and the business through
the eyes of stakeholders and particularly customers
• opportunity seeking
• initiative taking
• ownership of a development
• commitment to see things through
• networking capacity
• strategic thinking
• negotiation capacity
• selling/persuasive capacity
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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NCGE
Benchmark Template continued
•
•
•
•
achievement orientation
find and appraise an idea
see problems as opportunities
identify the key people to be influenced in any
development
• build the know who
• learn from relationships
• improve emotional self awareness, manage and read
emotions and handle relationships
(National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, 2008)
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Employability Self Evaluation
• Given self evaluation tool
• Students self assessed their own
intrapreneurial attributes
• Identified action points to improve their
employability
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Student Evaluation
How useful did you find exploring intrapreneurial
knowledge, skills and attitudes?
Number of students
90
81
80
70
60
60
n=151
50
40
30
20
8
10
2
0
Very Useful
Useful
Unsure
Not very useful
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
Not useful at all
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Student Evaluation
How useful did you find the intrapreneurship self evaluation
tool?
Number of students
100
88
90
80
70
60
50
n=151
44
40
30
16
20
10
3
0
Very Useful
Useful
Unsure
Not very useful
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
Not useful at all
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Student Evaluation
Have you identified any intrapreneurial attributes in yourself?
Number of students
120
114
100
80
n=151
60
40
32
20
5
0
Yes
Unsure
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
No
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Where are we now? 09/10
• Generic self evaluation tool – Graduate Futures
• Theory embedded into IPE module
• Practice element taken forward by programme
LTI Lunchtime Seminar 16.11.09
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Further Thoughts
• There is also a need for people to set up
businesses to provide services alongside those
provided by the NHS and councils.
• Will intrapreneurs go onto become
entrepreneurs?
• If lean came from industry take it back & expand
to other
• Companies spend money on Lean training
advising
• Why not give our students head start?
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References
Agenda for Change Project Team. (2004). The NHS
knowledge and skills framework and the development
review process. London: UK Department of Health.
Enhancing Student Employability Co-ordination Team.
(2006). Pedagogy for employability. York: Higher
Education Academy.
European commission. (2008). Entrepreneurship in
higher education, especially within non business studies.
Retrieved June 3, 2008, from
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/entrepreneurship/support_
measures/training_education/entr_highed.pdf
European Commission. (2006). The Oslo agenda for
entrepreneurship education in Europe. Retrieved June 3,
2008, from http://ec.europa.eu/enterpris
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References
National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship. (2008).
Benchmark template. Retrieved September 6, 2008,
from
http://www.ncge.com/communities/education/content/get/
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National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship. (2007).
Good practice in enterprise development in UK higher
education. National Council for Graduate
Entrepreneurship
Penny, J. (2003). Discipline of improvement in health
and social care. NHS Institute for Innovation and
Improvement (Internal Paper).
UK Department for Education and Skills. (2003). White
paper the future of higher education. London: HMSO.
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