APPENDIX TABLES
Table A1. Effects on any medical drug-intake and any hospitalizations by medical diagnosis and cleft subgroup
A. Medical drug-intake by ATC main
groups
Alimentary tract and metabolism (A)
Genito urinary system (G)
Systemic hormonal preparations (H)
Anti-infectives (J)
Musculoskeletal system (M)
Nervous system (N)
Anti-parasitic products (P)
Respiratory system (R)
Sensory organs (S)
B. Hospitalizations by ICD-10 main
groups
Neoplasms and diseases of the blood and
blood-forming organs (C+D)
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic
diseases (E)
Diseases of the nervous system (G)
Diseases of the eye and ear (H)
Diseases of the respiratory system (J)
Diseases of the digestive system (K)
Pregnancy and childbirth (O)
Congenital malformations (Q)
Symptoms, sings and abnormal clinical
findings not classified elsewhere (R)
Factors influencing health status and
contact with health services (Z)
N
Cleft lip only
Children/adolescents
Cleft palate only
Cleft lip with
palate
Cleft lip only
Adults
Cleft palate only
0.003 (0.003)
-0.002 (0.006)
-0.001 (0.003)
0.037 (0.009)***
0.002 (0.004)
0.007 (0.004)
-0.020 (0.012)*
-0.012 (0.010)
-0.000 (0.000)
0.009 (0.004)**
-0.011 (0.007)
0.011 (0.004)***
0.040 (0.010)***
0.001 (0.004)
0.010 (0.005)*
-0.071 (0.012)***
0.002 (0.011)
0.000 (0.000)
0.006 (0.004)
-0.009 (0.005)*
0.005 (0.003)
0.111 (0.009)***
0.033 (0.004)***
0.003 (0.004)
-0.129 (0.011)***
0.004 (0.009)
-0.001 (0.001)
0.003 (0.007)
-0.007 (0.009)
0.002 (0.005)
-0.002 (0.009)
0.011 (0.008)
0.001 (0.009)
0.007 (0.010)
0.015 (0.009)*
-0.001 (0.001)
-0.009 (0.007)
-0.021 (0.010)**
-0.004 (0.005)
-0.005 (0.009)
-0.020 (0.008)**
0.020 (0.010)**
-0.017 (0.011)
0.009 (0.009)
0.006 (0.002)
-0.000 (0.006)
-0.005 (0.008)
-0.003 (0.004)
0.022 (0.008)***
0.002 (0.007)
0.017 (0.009)**
-0.020 (0.009)**
0.017 (0.008)**
0.001 (0.001)
0.001 (0.001)
0.003 (0.001)***
0.003 (0.002)
-0.003 (0.002)*
-0.002 (0.002)
0.000 (0.001)
0.001 (0.001)
0.001 (0.001)
0.001 (0.001)
-0.000 (0.002)
-0.007 (0.002)***
-0.002 (0.001)
0.003 (0.001)**
0.002 (0.002)
0.005 (0.003)
0.007 (0.002)***
-0.001 (0.001)
0.037 (0.004)***
0.002 (0.003)
0.002 (0.001)*
0.032 (0.005)***
-0.001 (0.004)
0.000 (0.003)
-0.000 (0.001)
0.064 (0.005)***
0.014 (0.003)***
0.004 (0.002)**
0.034 (0.004)***
0.002 (0.003)
0.016 (0.002)***
-0.001 (0.001)
0.191 (0.006)***
0.001 (0.003)
0.003 (0.002)
0.003 (0.002)
0.001 (0.002)
0.003 (0.002)
-0.006 (0.003)*
0.004 (0.001)***
0.001 (0.002)
-0.000 (0.002)
0.019 (0.003)***
0.000 (0.002)
0.005 (0.003)*
-0.013 (0.003)***
0.004 (0.001)***
-0.003 (0.003)
-0.001 (0.002)
0.010 (0.002)***
0.008 (0.002)***
0.010 (0.003)***
0.000 (0.003)
0.021 (0.002)***
-0.000 (0.002)
0.014 (0.004)***
0.018 (0.005)***
0.037 (0.005)***
0.002 (0.005)
-0.008 (0.005)
0.016 (0.005)***
26,433
44,106
Cleft lip with
palate
Note: Robust standard errors adjusted for within individual correlation are given in parentheses. The control variables used are age, age squared, female, county of residence,
year dummies, parental age at childbirth, birth order dummies, and within-siblings fixed effects. Children/adolescents: 1-20 years. Adults: 21-63. The table is limited to the
most relevant (5% significance) ATC and ICD-10 main groups. The same outcomes as in Table 3 are shown.
* Denotes statistically significant at the 10 percent level.
**Denotes statistically significant at the 5 percent level.
***Denotes statistically significant at the 1 percent level.
Table A2. Health care utilization of affected individuals with and without siblings
Dependent variable:
Any physician
Number of physician service
use (count)
Any specialist use
Number of specialist service
use (count)
Any drug-intake
Volume of drug-intake
Any oral cleft
Affected
Affected
individuals without
individuals with
siblings
siblings
0.845
0.824
7.60
6.80
t-statistic
4.25
6.24
0.348
2.09
0.333
1.93
2.39
2.63
0.621
0.587
5.12
144.09
122.69
4.56
0.354
0.742
0.327
0.654
4.24
4.20
6,904
27,448
(DDDs)
Any hospitalizations
Number of hospitalizations
(count)
N
Table A3. Regression-adjusted differences in health care utilization of unaffected siblings and a 5% random
sample of the general population
Dependent variable
Any physician use
Number of physician service
use
Any specialist use
Number of specialist service
use
Any drug-intake
Volume of drug-intake
Unaffected sibling
0.021 (0.002)***
0.183 (0.043)***
0.007 (0.002)***
-0.004 (0.016)
0.008 (0.002)***
7.52 (1.51)***
(DDDs)
Any hospitalizations
Number of hospitalizations
N
0.033 (0.006)***
0.010 (0.002)***
908,798
Note: Robust standard errors adjusted for within individual correlation are given in parentheses. The sample includes all
unaffected siblings and a 5% random sample of the general population for which it is possible to obtain information on
parental education during 1980-2005. Covariates included in the regression models are mother’s highest attained
education, father’s highest attained education, age, female, municipality dummies, and year dummies.
* Denotes statistically significant at the 10 percent level.
**Denotes statistically significant at the 5 percent level.
***Denotes statistically significant at the 1 percent level.