An Audience-Centered Approach – 7 th edition
Chapter 3
Speaking Freely and Ethically
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Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe
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“…ethical communication enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity, and respect for self and others.”
- NCA Credo for Communication Ethics
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Values and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.
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For public speaking, responsibly balance right to free speech with needs of audience.
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Have a Clear,
Responsible Goal
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Give listeners choices.
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Do not keep your agenda hidden from your listeners.
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First Amendment guarantees free speech.
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ACLU: helps protect free speech.
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Supreme Court: flag burning protected under free speech.
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Patriot Act sparks controversy between national security & free speech.
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Use sound Evidence and Reasoning
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Do not make false claims.
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Do not substitute emotions for logic.
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Keep quality of evidence high.
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Be Sensitive to & Tolerant of
Differences
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Be willing to listen to opposing sides
(accommodation).
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This shows respect for others.
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Be Honest
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Offering false or misleading information is unethical.
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Give credit for ideas and types of information that are not your own.
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Do Not Plagiarize
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Plagiarizing: presenting someone else’s ideas or words as though they were yours.
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Plagiaphrasing: failure to give credit for compelling phrases taken from another source.
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Do Your Own Work
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Think of an original approach.
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Avoid articles that can be converted into speeches.
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Edit your own work.
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Acknowledge Your Sources
Direct quotes, no matter how short.
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Opinions or ideas of others, even if paraphrased.
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Statistics.
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Non-original visual materials
(graphs, pictures & tables).
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Give oral and written citations.
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Listeners share responsibility for ethical communication.
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Ethical Listeners:
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Communicate expectations and feedback.
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Are sensitive to and tolerant of differences.
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Critically evaluate the speaker.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009