Matakuliah
Tahun
: V0232 – Akuntansi Keuangan Hotel
: 2009
Hospitality Financial Accounting
Week 6
Financial Statement
Analysis
7-1 Horizontal Analysis
HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS
Sales
2010
2009
2008
$150,000
$125,000
$100,00
Base
Year
150%
125%
100%
25% increase
50% increase
Percentage increase or decrease from base year formula:
Current Year Amount – Base Year Amount
Base Year Amount
Example: Percent increase in sales in 2010
from 2008
$150,000 - $100,000
= 50%
$100,000
7-2 Vertical Analysis
SMITH HOTEL COMPANY
2009
Amount
2008
Percent
Amount
Percent
Sales
$
120,000
105.73%
$
80,000
106.67%
Sales returns
$
6,500
5.73%
$
5,000
6.67%
Net sales
$
113,500
100.00%
$
75,000
100.00%
Cost of goods sold
$
65,000
57.27%
$
40,000
53.33%
Gross profit
$
48,500
42.73%
$
35,000
46.67%
Selling expenses
$
18,000
15.86%
$
15,000
20.00%
Administrative expenses
$
10,000
8.81%
$
8,000
10.67%
Total operating expenses
$
28,000
24.67%
$
23,000
30.67%
Net income
$
20,500
18.06%
$
12,000
16.00%
Reflects the size of each item relative
to a base amount (net sales)
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7-2 Vertical Analysis (cont.)
COMMON SIZE ANALYSIS
Restating each item on a financial statement in terms of a percentage of a
base amount, enables the comparison of companies of different sizes
SMITH HOTEL COMPANY
RODGERS HOTEL COMPANY
2009
Amount
2009
Percent
Amount
Percent
Sales
$
120,000
105.73%
$
80,000
106.67%
Sales returns
$
6,500
5.73%
$
5,000
6.67%
Net sales
$
113,500
100.00%
$
75,000
100.00%
Cost of goods sold
$
65,000
57.27%
$
40,000
53.33%
Gross profit
$
48,500
42.73%
$
35,000
46.67%
Selling expenses
$
18,000
15.86%
$
15,000
20.00%
Administrative expenses
$
10,000
8.81%
$
8,000
10.67%
Total operating expenses
$
28,000
24.67%
$
23,000
30.67%
Net income
$
20,500
18.06%
$
12,000
16.00%
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7-3 Liquidity Ratios
Ratio
Formula
Purpose or Use
1. Current
Current Assets / Current
Measures short-term
paying ability.
2. Acid-test or
Quick Ratio
[Cash + Short-term
receivables (net)] /
Liabilities
Measures immediate
term liquidity.
3. Receivable
Turnover
Net Credit Sales /
Receivables
Measures liquidity of
receivables.
4. Inventory
Turnover
Cost of Goods Sold /
Inventory
Measures liquidity of
Liquidity
7-4 Profitability Ratios
Ratio
Formula
Purpose or Use
1. Profit Margin
Net Income / Net Sales
Measures net income
each dollar of sales.
2. Asset
Net Sales / Average Assets
Measures how
used to generate sales.
3. Return on
Net Income / Average
Measures overall
assets.
4. Return on
Stockholders’
Equity
Net Income / Average
Stockholders’ Equity
Measures profitability of
investment.
Profitability
7-5 Solvency Ratios
Ratio
Formula
Purpose or Use
1. Debt to Total
Total Debt / Total Assets
Measures the
assets provided by
2. Times
Earned
Income Before Income
Interest Expense / Interest
Measures ability to meet
payments as they come
Solvency