UNIT
Study Guide
Element, compounds and mixtures
QUESTIONS
1. soluble
ANSWERS
A substance that dissolves
2. condensation
The taking away of heat energy from a gas to turn into a liquid
Ex. Rain
3. sublimation
Energy is being added to change a solid to a gas (skipping liquid)
4. evaporation
When a liquid changes into a gas, the process taking place at the surface of the
liquid
5. physical change
-does not change the way atoms are linked up
- no new substances are formed
- dissolves a solute into a solvent
- boiling water
- melting butter
-change of state may change. Ex. Water-ice to liquid
6. chemical change
- atoms change the way they link up
- formation of a new substance
- formation of a precipitate
- producing a gas by adding 2 solutions
- burning an object
7. atom
- the smallest pure part of an element
- basic building block of matter
8. molecule
The smallest part of a compound that keeps the properties of that compound
9. alloy
A mixture of metals
Ex. Stainless steel, jewelry
10. solute
Give an example
-
the substance that is being dissolved
ex. sugar
11. solvent
Give an example
-
the substance dissolving
ex. water
12. element
-made of one kind of atom
-cannot be broken down into simpler substances
13. mixture
- can be heterogeneous or homogenous mixture
-consists of 2 or more substances that are mixed nut not chemically combined
- ex. combination of sand, salt & water
- ex. solution
- ex. Sugar water
14. compound
-Two or more elements chemically combined ex. H2O
-Energy, such as electricity, is involved when it is taken apart
-difficult to change back to the original substance
- substances chemically combined
-properties of substances are greatly different from properties of the substances
from which it is made
-specific amount of each substance must be used
- a simplest compound has at least a metal & a nonmetal
15.How do you make
or separate compounds
-using electricity
16. formula
-Can be written for every compound
-Tells which elements are used and how many of the atoms there are in each
element
17. subscript
Represents the number of atoms of an element in a compound
18. fill in the following chart with correct information
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Definite volume?
yes
yes
no
Definite shape?
yes
no
no
Distance between molecules?
Close together
Medium spread
Far apart
19. What is the smallest molecule
part of a compound?
20. What is the smallest atom
part of an element?
21. colloids
Give 3 examples.
Heterogeneous mixture where particles are permanently suspended and they are
not dissolved.
Do not settle and are not dissolved
Ex. Fog, milk, whip cream, mayonnaise
22. Tell the difference
between homogenous
vs. heterogeneous
mixtures
.-heterogeneous (big particles) are least mixed (hard to separate)
-homogenous (small particles) are very well mixed
23. Name the
chemical and physical
properties of sugar?
Physical properties – white, grainy, sweet
Chemical properties – dissolvable, flammable
24. List 4 differences
between mixtures and a
compound
- mixtures can be separated physically
- in a mixture the properties stay the same
-a compound can be chemically separated
-a compound has different properties then the elements making it up. Ex. Salt
25. How can water be
broken down into its
elements and what
results?
26. What causes a
glowing splint to
relight?
27. What is the test to
find out if a gas is
oxygen?
28. Know how to figure
out the names of the
elements in a
compound and the
numbers of atoms of
each element in that
compound: EX.
Ca3(PO4)2
29. Be able to name
simple compounds and
know what they are
made of – a metal and a
nonmetal. Ex: BaF2
30. Where are metals
and nonmetals located
on the periodic table?
-using electricity
- 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
oxygen
If the glowing splint relights
See pages 15, 21 & 22 in your notebook
Name the first element and , change the ending to “ide” of the second element
Metals on the left
Non-metals on the right of the stairs starting with Boron on the periodic table
The metal is written first, then followed by the non-metals
31. Tell two things
about solutions
-The solute never rises to the top or settles at the bottom
- cannot be easily separated by physical means
- the particles of a solution are evenly spread out
- cannot be filtered
32. What type of
energy is needed to
change matter from one
phase to another?
- heat energy
33. chemical property
- rusting
- burning
34. physical property
- melting
35. What are 3
differences between a
physical and a chemical
change?
PHYSICAL
-no new substances are formed
-chemical properties stay the same
-no energy is taken or given (unless phase change occurs)
CHEMICAL
-new substances form
-new substance has different chemical properties from the original
-energy is taken or given
36. What are 3 ways to
recognize that a
chemical change has
taken place?
- new substances formed
-are atoms linked in the same way
34. tell 3 things about
all solutions
-cannot be easily separated by physical means
-particles are evenly spread out
-always has dissolved substance in it
-cannot be filtered