Liquids and Solids
Liquids
Objectives
• Identify and explain the properties of liquids
according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Describe the process in which liquids turn to gases.
• Describe the process in which liquids turn to solids
Properties of Liquids
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Definite Volume
No definite shape
Less K.E. than gases
Intermolecular forces hold
particles together
• Constant motion of particles
allows liquids to flow.
• Gases and liquids are both
fluids
Liquids
• Liquids are the least
common state of matter
in the universe.
• Substances exist in the
liquid phase in a narrow
window of temperatures.
Liquids
• High density
• Particles are close
together
• Most substances are
slightly less dense in the
liquid state as compared to
the solid state
• Densities of liquid
substances vary.
Liquids
• Relatively incompressible
• Particles are close together.
• Able to readily diffuse.
• Constant motion of particles
• Diffusion of liquids is slower than for gases due to
the particles being close together
Animation: How Diffusion Works
Liquids
• Surface tension – a
force that pulls adjacent
parts of a liquid’s
surface together,
resulting in the smallest
possible surface area
• Capillary action is a
closely relate property
Evaporation and Boiling
• Vaporization – process in
which a liquid turns to a gas
• evaporation –
vaporization that occurs
below the boiling point
• Boiling – occurs at the
boiling point.
Formation of Solids
• Freezing – change from a
liquid to a solid
• Low kinetic energy results
in particles being more
attracted to each other and
the formation of a more
ordered structure