Chapter 25
Nutritional Guidelines and
Energy Needs for Active
Children
Karen S. Meaney, Kelcie Kopf,
and Megan Simons
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should have an understanding of:
the purpose and goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans;
MyPyramid Food Guidance System, it’s calorie criteria, and the six main
food groups and the foods that are found in each of those groups;
the daily recommended intake of calories for children;
the role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats as sources of energy for
children;
the importance of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water in children’s diets.
Introduction
• Importance of Physical Activity for
Children
• Factors contributing to Energy Imbalance
• Nutritional Guidelines
Dietary Guidelines
• The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
• United States Department of Agriculture
and the Department of Health and Human
Services
• http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga
2005/document/
MyPyramid
• United States Department of Agriculture
• Takes into account age, sex, and activity
level
• http://www.mypyramid.gov/index.html
Child Friendly MyPyramid
• Developmentally Appropriate
• MyPyramid for Kids
• http://www.mypyramid.gov/kids/index.html
Discretionary Calories
• Essential Calories: Needed to meet daily
recommended nutrient guidelines
• Discretionary Calories: Extra calories we
sue to meet energy needs
• Increase in activity allows one an increase
in discretionary caloric intake
Family Meals
• Decrease in family meals
• Two parents working
• Increase in number of low-income families
Increasing Family Meals
• Set realistic goals for the number of family
meals
• Identify meals that work for your family
• Share meal preparation and cooking
responsibilities
• Keep meals easy and uncomplicated
• Have at least one adult present at meal time
Nutrients that Provide Energy
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
Vitamins, Minerals, Fiber,
and Water
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Vitamins
Water – soluble
Fat-soluble
Found in vegetation and animals
Vitamin Deficiencies
Minerals
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Found in earth, water, and food
Bodily Functions
Food Sources
National Academy of Science provides
recommended doses
FIBER
• Aids in gastrointestinal processes
• Optimal intakes for children and adults
Water
• Water Consumption is Critically Important!
• Consumed through beverages, fruits,
vegetables, eggs, fish, and other food
sources
• Children at risk for dehydration
Summary
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Nutritionally Sound & Balanced Diet
Parents need to model healthy behaviors
Importance of Family Meals
Participation in Physical Activity