Dr. Calvin Kam PhD, AIA, PE, LEED AP Stanford University CIFE Director of Industry Programs calvin.kam@stanford.edu GSA National 3D-4D-BIM Program Co-Founder & Senior Program Expert calvin.kam@gsa.gov bimSCORE Founder & CEO calvin.kam@bimSCORE.com Labor-Intensive vs. Output-Driven Laborious & Manual Approach Source: Associated Press 2 Efficient & Automated Approach Source: Tekla, Tokyo Sky Tree Labor-Intensive vs. Output-Driven Laborious & Manual Approach Source: http://wn.com/workers_stadium Efficient & Automated Approach Source: Tekla, Tokyo Sky Tree 3 USA: Construction Productivity Construction vs. Manufacturing • Labor Productivity comparisons can be deceiving PER CENT PER ANUNM • One must also consider Employment Growth • The Focus should be on Value Added Growth MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION Source: Singapore’s Productivity Performance of Economics Division Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore: Construction Productivity Singapore’s GDP and Productivity Growth Sectoral Productivity Growth (3-Year Moving Average) Source: Singapore’s Productivity Performance of Economics Division Ministry of Trade and Industry 3D Coordination BIM—Spatial Space: 089 NC1st_ 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4D Phasing -10 2 4 6 BIM—Energy 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 3D Laser Scanning Virtual Airline Pilot.com Seattle Symphony The Many Facets and Applications of Strategic Innovation 3D Visualization (Customer Communication/Mockup/Urban Study) 3D “Clash Detection” and Coordination 3D Production (Drawings and Fabrications) 3D Laser Scanning 4D Phasing (Tenants Move, Construction Sequence…) Space/Program Validation Energy Simulation Circulation (occupants/vehicles), Egress, and Ingress Validation Acoustic Simulation Quantity Takeoff Proforma and Financial Modeling And more…… Investment $ $ $ Investment $ $ / time $ $ $ $ $$$$$$$$$$$ Investment $$$ $$$ $$$ vs. Value Happiness Sickness Sustainability Emergency Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) Client/Business Objectives Project Objectives ICE Process Design Current State Process, T5 Rebar Detailing for Construction NOTE: Design changes during detailing (from: architecture, baggage, systems, etc.) are upsetting RC drawing development. Design input/ changes Draft spec Engineering Preliminary design Preliminary RC detailing GA drawings Refine RC details and concept for buildability/ detailing Prepare RC detail drawings (drafting) Detailed engineering design information Update spec Release spec CAD check (1d/dwg) Check against engineering calcs (.5d /dwg) Independent final check & sign off (2 weeks) Building control check & sign off (BAA, time?) Release paper P4 dwgs & bar bending schedules Consists of: engineering calculations, sketches, etc. NOTE: Drawings are batched into sectionsthen subdivided into building components. Each component is an assembly package, e.g. rail box floor, wall, etc. The number of drawing sheets per building component vary depending on the work. On ART for example, each component may consist of 8-15 GA drawings and 8-15 RC detail drawings. Iterative process Most of the checking process is done concurrently with RC detail development. BAA building control accepts the opinion of the independent design check - and does not perform a check of its own Document control delay (1 week) Release CAD dwg, rebar schedule (*.CSF) in Documentum Manufacture All of the GA drawings are complete pending changes from other design disciplines Rebar factory starts bending Use model to develop and communicate methods Assembly BIM+ CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 Comment on spec AutoCAD CAD RC IDEAS Arma + Other / None/ Unknown Ship to site Pre-assembly Model rebar component (Use digital Prototyping tool) Back drafting 1 week Preliminary drafting 2 weeks Timeline: Technology: Check and coordinate detail drawings Checking 2 weeks Issue and resolve TQ’s (Technical Queries) Site assembly Document control 1 week Existing Process - 6 weeks 13 2000 vs. 2010 2000 vs. 2010 AP, Apple.com 3D + 4D on Walt Disney Concert Hall 1999-2000 Mortenson & Stanford-CIFE • $200 Million USD project • Complex geometry, tight site • 3D CAD model available from architect • Construction phase • General Contractor hired intern for 6 months • Push limits of 4D 2009 AIA BIM Awards: University of Colorado Denver Health and Sciences Center, Mortenson Construction & Fentress Architects U.S. General Services Administration • 8,700 buildings • 350 million square feet • 2,100 communities • serves >1 million federal workers • >200 major capital projects • valued at $12 Billion USD • $5 Billion USD Stimulus PBS OCA 3D-4D-BIM Program GSA’s National 3D-4D-BIM Program From introduction in 2003 to pilots and technology/guidance development, to upper management policy and budget to GSA national program deployment and supports to US national standards to international agreements Mandated Requirement on all GSA Projects since 2006 100+ Projects To Date 16 National Contracts up to $30 million each 3D Laser-Scan Documentation of Building Assets Historic 26% Mid-Century 56% New Design/ Construction 8% Chicago Federal Center GSA, iguide.travel GSA, www.sparllc.com Chicago Federal Center Building Features Point Cloud Deliverable 3D Model (Existing) A/E 2D Proposed Design Documents Stanford University, GSA 4D Model Project Schedule GSA BIM Guide Series 08 PBS 3D-4D-BIM Program Final Concept BIM Program Target vs. Spatial Data, Energy Target vs. Predictions IFC + Native ( .dgn / .pln / .rvt ) PBS OCA 3D-4D-BIM Program Aligning BIM with GSA Business Process PBS OCA 3D-4D-BIM Program The Drive for Open Standard BIM Vendors Autodesk Architectural Desktop Revit Bentley Graphisoft Onuma * Nemetschek * Gehry Technologies * Beck Group Consultants Solibri Digital Alchemy Development, Validation, Calibration ADT Onuma Planning System ArchiCAD Revit Bentley Architecture 29 PBS OCA 3D-4D-BIM Program Typical floor area and efficiency from 1800-F (GSA CO) Building Gross Building Area Gross Measured Area Vertical Penetration Area Floor Rentable Area Usable Office Area Usable Building Common Area Floor Usable Area Floor Common Area Basic Rentable Office Area Basic Rentable Building Common Area Total Rentable Area USF/GSF Floor R/U 94,961 87,920 2,917 85,003 68,938 4,706 73,644 11,359 79,571 5,432 85,003 0.84 1.15 Life-Cycle for PBS 3D-4D-BIMBIM Program Facility Management Final Concept BIM Design-Intent BIM Design Specifications, Performance Requirements IFC + COBIE + Native ( .dgn / .pln / .rvt ) + Specifications Power of IFC-based Automation GSA Georgia Tech Solibri Stanford Univ Public Restricted Secure GSA Automation of Court Design Guide 32 Example errors Public zone Rule : Accessibility from judge’s chamber to library through restricted circulation Result : Error in restricted circulation condition GSA Automation of Court Design Guide 33 Life-Cycle for PBS 3D-4D-BIMBIM Program Facility Management Final Concept BIM Design-Intent BIM Construction BIM As-Built/Record BIM Equipment Information, Type, Warranty; Fabrication Model IFC + NavisWorks + COBIE + Native ( tekla / cadduct / quickpen ) Life-Cycle for PBS 3D-4D-BIMBIM Program Facility Management Work Order Sustainable (and preventive) Maintenance Small Project Major Modernization Life-Cycle for PBS 3D-4D-BIMBIM Program Facility Management Final Concept BIM Design-Intent BIM Construction BIM As-Built/Record BIM BIM + (cobie)Dataset + CMMS and more… Smart Buildings • Smart Utilization & Consumption • Baseline and Scenarios Envision Charlotte – Clinton Global Initiative | news.duke-energy.com | Duke Energy Center, Charlotte Many Files Middleware FM Apps FM App A FM App B COBIE2 FM App C FM App D FM App E FM App F BIM & Facility Management Understanding Disaster: How to rebuild and prepare for the future Kelly Shultz, Chelsea Drenick, Calvin Kam Stanford University CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 40 PBS ODC 3D-4D-BIM Program Business Case & Priorities — GSA BIM Guide Series 01—Overview 02—Spatial Program Validation 03—3D Imaging 04—4D Phasing 05—Energy Performance and Operation 06—Circulation and Security Validation 07—Building Elements 08—Facility Management International Collaboration among Public Owners • public owners from United States, Finland, Norway, Denmark (January 2008) • joint statement in support of BIM, open standards and collaboration • welcome other public owners around the world to join! Project Purpose space program review Revit Model simple energy load analysis Bentley Model circulation & security review ArchiCad Model common IFC file format Digital Project Model provide significant automated feedback for early stage concept design cost estimate AK Northwest/Arctic Region 10 Rocky Mountain Region 8 New England Region 1 Great Lakes Region 5 ME WA ND Northeast & Caribbean Region 2 MI MT WI ID NH CT RI MA SD OR Heartland Region 6 VT NY MI WY NE IA NV UT CO KS PR IN IL PA OH Pacific Rim Region 9 NJ VI MD WV MO Mid-Atlantic Region 3 CA VA KY DC OK AZ AR NC TN NM National Capital Region 11 SC HI MS TX LA AL GA Southeast Region 4 GU Greater Southwest Region 7 FL assemble a team TheFinalSprint.com JustYourAverageJogger.com tlu.edu/i/news CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 53 VDC Score: 80% Confidence Level: 30% CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 54 Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) Client/Business Objectives Project Objectives ICE Process Design Current State Process, T5 Rebar Detailing for Construction NOTE: Design changes during detailing (from: architecture, baggage, systems, etc.) are upsetting RC drawing development. Design input/ changes Draft spec Engineering Preliminary design Preliminary RC detailing GA drawings Refine RC details and concept for buildability/ detailing Prepare RC detail drawings (drafting) Detailed engineering design information Update spec Release spec CAD check (1d/dwg) Check against engineering calcs (.5d /dwg) Independent final check & sign off (2 weeks) Building control check & sign off (BAA, time?) Release paper P4 dwgs & bar bending schedules Consists of: engineering calculations, sketches, etc. NOTE: Drawings are batched into sectionsthen subdivided into building components. Each component is an assembly package, e.g. rail box floor, wall, etc. The number of drawing sheets per building component vary depending on the work. On ART for example, each component may consist of 8-15 GA drawings and 8-15 RC detail drawings. Iterative process Most of the checking process is done concurrently with RC detail development. BAA building control accepts the opinion of the independent design check - and does not perform a check of its own Document control delay (1 week) Release CAD dwg, rebar schedule (*.CSF) in Documentum Manufacture All of the GA drawings are complete pending changes from other design disciplines Rebar factory starts bending Use model to develop and communicate methods Assembly BIM+ CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 Comment on spec AutoCAD CAD RC IDEAS Arma + Other / None/ Unknown Ship to site Pre-assembly Model rebar component (Use digital Prototyping tool) Back drafting 1 week Preliminary drafting 2 weeks Timeline: Technology: Check and coordinate detail drawings Checking 2 weeks Issue and resolve TQ’s (Technical Queries) Site assembly Document control 1 week Existing Process - 6 weeks 55 VDC Score: 80% Planning 77% Objective 76% Standard 75% Adoption 92% Preparation 81% Process 95% Organization 90% Technology 79% Maturity 77% Coverage 75% CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 Performance 75% Integration 83% Quantitative 80% Qualitative 75% 56 Planning Standard Establish guideline for off-site fabrication R 80% Establish more quantitative objectives R 60% 20% Adoption Improve cost performance to maximize profit sharing Performance 40% R R R R Coverage Overall Score: 80% Technology Confidence Level: 30% Use VDC applications for design reviews Consider VDC for O&M phase Legend: R Recommendation CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 57 Results from 28 Projects Project Type New Construction New Construction Renovation New Construction Renovation Renovation New Construction Renovation New Construction New Construction New Construction New Construction New Construction Renovation New Construction Renovation New Construction Renovation Renovation Renovation Renovation New Construction New Construction Renovation New Construction Renovation New Construction Renovation Contract Type Integrated Form of Agreement (IFOA) Integrated Form of Agreement (IFOA) Grand Maximum Price (GMP) Lump sum Not Available Lump sum GMP GMP GMP Cost Plus Not Available GMP Lump sum Not Available GMP Not Available Lump sum GMP Lump sum Not Available Lump sum Lump sum GMP GMP Lump sum Not Available Not Available Not Available Delivery Method Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) CM @ Risk Design-Build Design-Build Design-Bid-Build CM @ Risk CM @ Risk Design-Bid-Build IPD CM @ Risk (IPD) Design-Build Design-Bid-Build Not Available Design-Bid-Build Design-Build Design-Bid-Build Design-Build Design-Bid-Build Not Available Design-Build Design-Build Design-Bid-Build CM @ Risk Design-Bid-Build Not Available Not Available Not Available CIFE, Stanford University © 2010 The VDC Scorecard Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 10 10 10 10 10 15 16 17 17 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 Score 85% 80% 70% 66% 62% 59% 54% 54% 54% 52% 52% 52% 52% 52% 51% 50% 49% 49% 45% 45% 43% 41% 39% 38% 37% 30% 29% 29% Confidence 50% 43% 28% 31% 48% 49% 32% 30% 31% 45% 35% 61% 46% 50% 24% 31% 31% 31% 29% 33% 21% 36% 40% 26% 22% 36% 38% 30% 58 SMCCV Polytechnic University UCSF Mission Bay Alta Bates Medical Palomar Pomarado United Therapeutics Lucille Hospital Byron Rogers Federal Center South San Diego Courthouse Sensitivie Project SA Courthouse EGWW Ten West Jackson Building 105 Richard H Poff McCoy FB Madagascar Glodon HQ Camelview Chicago Federal Center NREL Average Performance Area CIFE, Stanford University © 2010 The VDC Scorecard Performance Qualitative Quantitative Only 3 projects track quantitative objectives 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 59 MTR – Stanford CIFE Studies • Properties • Subway Stations • Light Rail Stops/IC • Highspeed Terminal • Airport Express Station Product Organization • Passenger • MTR Corp. • Customer • Retailer • Investor • Government • Neighbor • Contractor • Designer Process • Planning • Design • Construction • Operation CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 61 West Kowloon Bridge between adjacent developments and historic districts: 30% of Hong Kong’s Population is located within 5km Image: MTR CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 62 Station Facility Evaluation “To step off a Eurostar train on to a platform at St. Pancras International is now the most dramatic way to arrive in London.” –Sir Alastair Lansley Images: Adam Nizich CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 63 Executive Summary 80% 60% 40% 20% July 21, 2011 scoring CIFE, Stanford University © 2011 64 Optima Camelview, Arizona David Hovey FAIA 10% technology 90%technology sociology sociology optima optima development david hovey & associates optima construction and optima sales leasing property management Good design optima (since 1978) makes a difference and more… Camelview – Performance Progression Phase 1 and 2 The VDC Scorecard Phase 3 Overall Score: 62% Overall Score: 66% CIFE, Stanford University © 2010 70 10% sociology 90% technology sociology technology Planning Adoption Establish objectives and protocols Find the right people & process Image source: www.businessihub.com/guide-forchoosing-your-business-objectives/ Image source: www.us.spinnaker-nt.com; betterhiringtoday.com/5-signs-your-hiring-process-needs-help/ Four Primary Evaluation Areas Performance Technology Track impact, progress Provide the right tools Image source: actionmarketingcopy.com/tag/marketing-objectives/ Image source: iPoint 3D 73 © 2011 bimSCORE www.corenet.gov.sg 30-minute bimSCORE exercise on Singapore The Sports Hub Source: BYME International Source: Singapore Sport Council 75 © 2011 bimSCORE 30-minute bimSCORE exercise on Singapore The Sports Hub Singapore The Sports Hub Conventional Practice Typical Practice Advanced Practice Best Practice Innovative Practice PORTFOLIO PROJECT Planning Adoption Technology Performance Objectives Standards Preparation Organization Process Maturity Coverage Integration Quantitative Qualitative Confidence Level: 10% Conventional Practice Typical Practice Advanced Practice Best Practice Innovative Practice PLANNING / OBJECTIVES Set up quantitative and measurable objectives with BIM and tie them with risks/rewards PLANNING / PREPARATION Advice #2 BIM coordination meeting should take advantage of live models in meetings Advice #1 © 2011 bimSCORE Reliable Source for Learning, Planning, Management Project: Office Tower Scenario 2 Conventional Practice Scenario 1 Typical Practice Advanced Practice Best Practice Innovative Practice Gauge BIM maturity in context of comparable projects worldwide or local PORTFOLIO PROJECT Planning Adoption Technology Performance Easily Understood Reporting & Decision Support Dashboard Objectives Standards Preparation Interactively explore alternative scenarios for improvement of project execution Organization Process Maturity Coverage Integration Pinpoint greatest opportunity areas for enhancement Quantitative Qualitative Conventional Practice Typical Practice Advanced Practice Best Innovative Practice Practice Confidence Level: 43% SCENARIO 1 IMPROVEMENT ADVICE 1. 2. Listed BIM integrated Design as an important criteria in RFP If lack of BIM capable firms, consider hiring BIM consultants to assist A&E consultants’ design process 77 Learn Best Practices In the context of your project © 2011 bimSCORE bimSCORE as “GPS” and “speedometer” guiding execution with Uniform and Reliable Evaluation bimSCORE as “roadmap” advising clients on SWOT, strategies and tactics to make informed decisions 78 © 2011 bimSCORE Maintaining a healthy body is a life-long mission Health Planning Continuous monitoring Surgery & Treatment Annual Check-up Maximizing BIM value is a life-cycle process goals best practices evaluation, benchmark, advice and continuous improvements 79 ROI satisfaction © 2011 bimSCORE Return of Investment (ROI) Metrics Metric Unit of measurement Value Latency of Critical Issues Time to reach resolution Avoid snowball effect Commitment Overrun Days past due date Address reasons for delays early on Impact of Issues by Trade, by Schedule, by Cost % of issues that incurred impact Fine tuning future BIM efforts by trade accordingly Detailed Cost Conformance bid-to-actual cost variance at all phases of estimating Interpret variances & perfect estimation methodologies Just-In-Time Delivery % of material delivered within 24 hours of use Streamline procurement and cash flow © 2011 bimSCORE Dr. Calvin Kam PhD, AIA, PE, LEED AP Stanford University CIFE Director of Industry Programs calvin.kam@stanford.edu GSA National 3D-4D-BIM Program Co-Founder & Senior Program Expert calvin.kam@gsa.gov bimSCORE Founder & CEO calvin.kam@bimSCORE.com