114
REFERENCES
1.
Fernandez-Pello, A.C., Micropower generation using combustion: Issues and
approaches. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2002. 29(1): p.883–899.
2.
Leu, T.S., and S. Li, Operation Limits of Micro Catalytic Combustors. IEEE
International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 2005. I: p.257–262.
3.
Rossi, C., S. Orieux, B. Larangot, T. Do Conto and D. Estève, Design,
fabrication and modeling of solid propellant microrocket-application to
micropropulsion. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2002. 99(1-2): p.125–
133.
4.
Walther, D.C., and J. Ahn, Advances and challenges in the development of
power-generation systems at small scales. Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science, 2011. 37(5): p.583–610.
5.
Li, J., S.K. Chou, W.M. Yang and Z.W. Li, A numerical study on premixed
micro-combustion of CH4–air mixture: Effects of combustor size, geometry
and boundary conditions on flame temperature. Chemical Engineering
Journal, 2009. 150(1): p.213–222.
6.
Sher, E., and D. Levinzon, Scaling-Down of Miniature Internal Combustion
Engines: Limitations and Challenges. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2005. 26(8):
p.1–4.
7.
Chou, S.K., W.M. Yang, K.J. Chua, J. Li and K.L. Zhang, Development of
micro power generators – A review. Applied Energy, 2011. 88(1): p.1–16.
8.
Dunn-Rankin, D., E.M. Leal and D.C. Walther, Personal power systems.
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005. 31(5-6): p.422–465.
9.
Holladay, J.D., E.O. Jones, M. Phelps and J. Hu, Microfuel processor for use
in a miniature power supply. Journal of Power Sources, 2002. 108(1-2): p.21–
27.
115
10.
Jeon, Y.B., R. Sood, J. -h. Jeong and S.-G. Kim, MEMS power generator with
transverse mode thin film PZT. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2005.
122(1): p.16–22.
11.
Naruse, Y., N. Matsubara, K. Mabuchi, M. Izumi and S. Suzuki, Electrostatic
micro power generation from low-frequency vibration such as human motion.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2009. 19(9): p.094002.
12.
Sari, I., T. Balkan and H. Kulah, An electromagnetic micro power generator
for wideband environmental vibrations. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical,
2008. 145-146: p.405–413.
13.
Wang, P.-H., X.-H. Dai, D.-M. Fang and X.-L. Zhao, Design, fabrication and
performance of a new vibration-based electromagnetic micro power generator.
Microelectronics Journal, 2007. 38(12): p.1175–1180.
14.
Yao, S.-C., X. Tang, C.-C. Hsieh, Y. Alyousef, M. Vladimer, G.K. Fedder and
C.H. Amon, Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based micro-scale
direct methanol fuel cell development. Energy, 2006. 31(5): p.636–649.
15.
Cuenot, B., Numerical simulations and modeling of turbulent combustion.
EAS Publications Series, 2006. 21: p.147–148.
16.
Jarosinski, J., and B. Veyssiere, Combustion phenomena: Selected
mechanisms of flame formation, propagation and extinction, 2009.
17.
Li, J., S.K. Chou, Z.W. Li and W.M. Yang, A comparative study of H2-air
premixed flame in micro combustors with different physical and boundary
conditions. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2008. 12(2): p.325–347.
18.
Nanduri, J.R., D.R. Parsons, S.L. Yilmaz, I.B. Celik and P. a. Strakey,
Assessment of RANS-Based Turbulent Combustion Models for Prediction of
Emissions from Lean Premixed Combustion of Methane. Combustion Science
and Technology, 2010. 182(7): p.794–821.
19.
Polezhaev, Y., Turbulent combustion of gaseous fuels. Journal of Engineering
Physics and Thermophysics, 2009. 82(3): p.427–431.
20.
Ju, Y., and K. Maruta, Microscale combustion: Technology development and
fundamental research. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2011.
37(6): p.669–715.
21.
Gabler, H., An experimental and numerical investigation of asymmetricallyfueled whirl flames, 1998.
116
22.
Chow, W.K., Experimental Investigation on Onsetting Internal Fire Whirls in
a Vertical Shaft. Journal of Fire Sciences, 2009.
23.
Chuah, K.H., K. Kuwana and K. Saito, Modeling a fire whirl generated over a
5-cm-diameter methanol pool fire. Combustion and Flame, 2009. 156(9):
p.1828–1833.
24.
Kuwana, K., K. Sekimoto, K. Saito and F.A. Williams, Scaling fire whirls.
Fire Safety Journal, 2008. 43(4): p.252–257.
25.
Saqr, M., Aerodynamics and thermochemistry of turbulent confined
asymmetric vortex flames, 2011.
26.
Satoh, K., N. Liu, Q. Liu and K.T. Yang, Numerical and Experimental Study
of Fire Whirl Generated in 15 × 15 Square Array Fires Placed in Cross Wind.
Combustion Science and Engineering, 2008. 3(1): p.103–112.
27.
XIA, Y., and Q. WANG, Study on the Vorticity of Fire Whirl Affected by a
Magnetic Field (I). Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2005.
3(1): p.011.
28.
Zhou, L.X., F. Wang and J. Zhang, Simulation of swirling combustion and NO
formation using a USM turbulence-chemistry model‫ۼ‬. Fuel, 2003. 82(13):
p.1579–1586.
29.
Mishra, D.P., Fundamentals of combustion. 2007.
30.
Leach, T.T., C.P. Cadou and G.S. Jackson, Effect of structural conduction and
heat loss on combustion in micro-channels. Combustion Theory and
Modelling, 2006. 10(1): p.85–103.
31.
Norton, D.G., and D.G. Vlachos, Hydrogen assisted self-ignition of
propane/air mixtures in catalytic microburners. Proceedings of the
Combustion Institute, 2005. 30(2): p.2473–2480.
32.
Boyarko, G.A., C.-J. Sung and S.J. Schneider, Catalyzed combustion of
hydrogen–oxygen in platinum tubes for micro-propulsion applications.
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2005. 30(2): p.2481–2488.
33.
Waitz, I.A., G. Gauba and Y.-S. Tzeng, Combustors for Micro-Gas Turbine
Engines. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1998. 120(1): p.109.
34.
Vican, J., B.F. Gajdeczko, F.L. Dryer, D.L. Milius, I.A. Aksay and R.A.
Yetter, Development
of a microreactor as
a thermal source for
microelectromechanical systems power generation. Proceedings of the
Combustion Institute, 2002. 29(1): p.909–916.
117
35.
Khaleghi, M., M.A. Wahid, M.M. Seis and A. Saat, Investigation of Vortex
Reacting Flows in Asymmetric Meso Scale Combustor. Applied Mechanics
and Materials, 2013. 388: p.246–250.
36.
Turns, S., An introduction to combustion. New York: McGraw-hill, 1996.
37.
Gaydon, A.G., and H.G. Wolfhard, Flames; their structure, radiation and
temperature. 1970. p.401.
38.
Irvin, G., and Y. Richard, Combustion. Academic Press, 2008.
39.
Kuhl, A., Dynamics of gaseous combustion. Progress in Astronautics and
Aeronautics, 1993.
40.
Kenneth, K., Principles of combustion. John Willey & Sons, New York, 1986.
41.
Lefebvre, A., Gas turbine combustion. CRC press, 1998.
42.
Dellimore, K., and C. Cadou, Fuel-Air Mixing Challenges in Micro-Power
Systems. AIAA, 2004. 301(1): p.1–8.
43.
Anchondo, I., A.R. Choudhuri and E. Paso, An Investigation on the Mixing
and Flame Behavior of microcombustors. AIAA, 2003. 46: p.1–6.
44.
Ahmed, M., I. Anchondo and A.R. Choudhuri, Mixing Dynamics of A
Channel Type Microcombustor. AIAA, 2004. 7: p.1–7.
45.
Fernandes, R.L.J., A. Sobiesiak and A. Pollard, Opposed round jets issuing
into a small aspect ratio channel cross flow. Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, 1996. 13(4): p.374–394.
46.
Yuan, L., and R. Street, Trajectory and entrainment of a round jet in
crossflow. Physics of Fluids, 1998. 10(9): p.2323–2335.
47.
Norton, D.G., and D.G. Vlachos, A CFD study of propane/air microflame
stability. Combustion and Flame, 2004. 138(1): p.97–107.
48.
Kim, N., S. Kato, T. Kataoka, T. Yokomori, S. Maruyama, T. Fujimori and K.
Maruta, Flame stabilization and emission of small Swiss-roll combustors as
heaters. Combustion and Flame, 2005. 141(3): p.229–240.
49.
Il Kim, N., S. Aizumi, T. Yokomori, S. Kato, T. Fujimori and K. Maruta,
Development and scale effects of small Swiss-roll combustors. Proceedings of
the Combustion Institute, 2007. 31(2): p.3243–3250.
50.
M, C., and B. J, Modelling of combustion and heat transfer in “Swiss roll”
micro-scale combustors. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2004. 8(4):
p.701–720.
118
51.
Lewis, B., and G. Von Elbe, Combustion, flames and explosions of gases.
Elsevier, 2012.
52.
Jarosiński, J., Flame quenching by a cold wall. Combustion and Flame, 1983.
50: p.167–175.
53.
Hosseini SE, MA Wahid, A.A., High Temperature Air Combustion:
Sustainable Technology to Low NOx Formation. International Review of
Mechanical Engineering, 2012. 5(6): p.947–953.
54.
Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, M.A. Wahid, A.A.A.A., Pollutant Reduction and
Energy Saving in Industrial Sectors by Applying High Temperature Air
Combustion Method. International Review of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
6(7): p.1667–1672.
55.
Pillier, L., A. El Bakali, X. Mercier, A. Rida, J.-F. Pauwels and P. Desgroux,
Influence of C2 and C3 compounds of natural gas on NO formation: an
experimental study based on LIF/CRDS coupling. Proceedings of the
Combustion Institute, 2005. 30(1): p.1183–1191.
56.
Hanson, R.K., and S. Salimian, Survey of Rate Constants in the N/H/O
System, Springer US, New York, NY, , 1984.
57.
De Soete, G.G., Overall reaction rates of NO and N2 formation from fuel
nitrogen. Symposium (International) on Combustion, 1975. 15(1): p.1093–
1102.
58.
Spadaccini, C.M., a. Mehra, J. Lee, X. Zhang, S. Lukachko and I. a. Waitz,
High Power Density Silicon Combustion Systems for Micro Gas Turbine
Engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2003. 125(3):
p.709.
59.
Jan Peirs, D.R. and F.V., Development of an axial microturbine for a portable
gas turbine generator. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering,
2003. 13(4): p.190.
60.
Cao, H.L., and J.L. Xu, Thermal performance of a micro-combustor for microgas turbine system. Energy Conversion and Management, 2007. 48(5):
p.1569–1578.
61.
Yang, W.M., S.K. Chou, C. Shu, Z.W. Li and H. Xue, Research on microthermophotovoltaic power generators. Solar Energy Materials and Solar
Cells, 2003. 80(1): p.95–104.
119
62.
Spadaccini, C.M., J. Peck and I.A. Waitz, Catalytic Combustion Systems for
Micro-Scale Gas Turbine Engines. ASME, 2005. 2: p.259–274.
63.
Yuasa, S., K. Oshimi, H. Nose and Y. Tennichi, Concept and combustion
characteristics of ultra-micro combustors with premixed flame. Proceedings of
the Combustion Institute, 2005. 30(2): p.2455–2462.
64.
Weinberg, F.J., D.M. Rowe, G. Min and P.D. Ronney, On thermoelectric
power conversion from heat recirculating combustion systems. Proceedings of
the Combustion Institute, 2002. 29(1): p.941–947.
65.
Ahn, J., C. Eastwood, L. Sitzki and P.D. Ronney, Gas-phase and catalytic
combustion in heat-recirculating burners. Proceedings of the Combustion
Institute, 2005. 30(2): p.2463–2472.
66.
Wang, Y., V. Yang and R. Yetter, Combustion in meso-scale combustors II:
numerical simulation. AIAA, 2004. 1: p.981.
67.
Dent, T.J., T.L. Marbach and A.K. Agrawal, Computational Study of a
Mesoscale Combustor with Annular Heat Recirculation and Porous Inert
Media. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2012. 61(12): p.873–
890.
68.
Miesse, C., R.I. Masel, M. Short and M.A. Shannon, Diffusion flame
instabilities in a 0.75mm non-premixed microburner. Proceedings of the
Combustion Institute, 2005. 30(2): p.2499–2507.
69.
Bray, K., The challenge of turbulent combustion. Symposium (International)
on Combustion, 1996. 26(1): p.1–26.
70.
Vervisch, L., and T. Poinsot, Direct Numerical Simulation of Non-Premixed
Turbulent Flames. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1998. 30(1): p.655–
691.
71.
Raimondeau, S., D. Norton, D.G. Vlachos and R.I. Masel, Modeling of hightemperature microburners. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2002.
29(1): p.901–907.
72.
Karagiannidis, S., J. Mantzaras, G. Jackson and K. Boulouchos, Hetero/homogeneous combustion and stability maps in methane-fueled catalytic
microreactors. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007. 31(2): p.3309–
3317.
120
73.
Norton, D.G., and D.G. Vlachos, Combustion characteristics and flame
stability at the microscale: a CFD study of premixed methane/air mixtures.
Chemical Engineering Science, 2003. 58(21): p.4871–4882.
74.
Wang, Y., D.L. King, N.S. Kaisare and D.G. Vlachos, Optimal reactor
dimensions for homogeneous combustion in small channels. Catalysis Today,
2007. 120(1): p.96–106.
75.
Kaisare, N.S., S.R. Deshmukh and D.G. Vlachos, Stability and performance of
catalytic microreactors: Simulations of propane catalytic combustion on Pt.
Chemical Engineering Science, 2008. 63(4): p.1098–1116.
76.
Hua, J., M. Wu and K. Kumar, Numerical simulation of the combustion of
hydrogen–air mixture in micro-scaled chambers. Part I: Fundamental study.
Chemical Engineering Science, 2005. 60(13): p.3497–3506.
77.
Wan, J., A. Fan, K. Maruta, H. Yao and W. Liu, Experimental and numerical
investigation on combustion characteristics of premixed hydrogen/air flame in
a micro-combustor with a bluff body. International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, 2012. 37(24): p.19190–19197.
78.
Fan, A., J. Wan, Y. Liu, B. Pi, H. Yao and W. Liu, Effect of bluff body shape
on the blow-off limit of hydrogen/air flame in a planar micro-combustor.
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014. 62(1): p.13–19.
79.
Fan, A., J. Wan, K. Maruta, H. Yao and W. Liu, Interactions between heat
transfer, flow field and flame stabilization in a micro-combustor with a bluff
body. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 66: p.72–79.
80.
Fan, A., J. Wan, Y. Liu, B. Pi, H. Yao, K. Maruta and W. Liu, The effect of
the blockage ratio on the blow-off limit of a hydrogen/air flame in a planar
micro-combustor with a bluff body. International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, 2013. 38(26): p.11438–11445.
81.
Bagheri, G., S.E. Hosseini and M.A. Wahid, Effects of bluff body shape on
the flame stability in premixed micro-combustion of hydrogen–air mixture.
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014. 67(1): p.266–272.
82.
Palies, P., D. Durox, T. Schuller and S. Candel, Experimental Study on the
Effect of Swirler Geometry and Swirl Number on Flame Describing
Functions. Combustion Science and Technology, 2011. 183(7): p.704–717.
121
83.
Fiorina, B., R. Vicquelin, P. Auzillon, N. Darabiha, O. Gicquel and D.
Veynante, A filtered tabulated chemistry model for LES of premixed
combustion. Combustion and Flame, 2010. 157(3): p.465–475.
84.
Bourgouin, J.-F., D. Durox, J.P. Moeck, T. Schuller and S. Candel, SelfSustained Instabilities in an Annular Combustor Coupled by Azimuthal and
Longitudinal Acoustic Modes. ASME :Turbine Technical Conference and
Exposition, 2013. 1: p.V01BT04A007.
85.
Bourgouin, J.-F., D. Durox, T. Schuller, J. Beaunier and S. Candel, Ignition
dynamics of an annular combustor equipped with multiple swirling injectors.
Combustion and Flame, 2013. 160(8): p.1398–1413.
86.
Eroglu, A., P. Flohr, P. Brunner and J. Hellat, Combustor Design for Low
Emissions and Long Lifetime Requirements. ASME : Power for Land, Sea,
2009. 2: p.435–444.
87.
Penanhoat, O., Low emissions combustor technology developments in the
european programmes LOPOCOTEP and TLC. Proc. of the 25th ICAS,
Hamburg, Germany, 2006.
88.
Steinberg, A.M., I. Boxx, M. Stöhr, C.D. Carter and W. Meier, Flow–flame
interactions causing acoustically coupled heat release fluctuations in a thermoacoustically unstable gas turbine model combustor. Combustion and Flame,
2010. 157(12): p.2250–2266.
89.
Candel, S., D. Durox, T. Schuller, J.-F. Bourgouin and J.P. Moeck, Dynamics
of Swirling Flames. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2014. 46(1): p.147–
173.
90.
Chigier, N., and J. Beer, The flow region near the nozzle in double concentric
jets. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1964. 86(4): p.797–804.
91.
Beer, J., and N. Chigier, Combustion Aerodynamics. New York, 1972.
92.
Sheen, H.J., W.J. Chen, S.Y. Jeng and T.L. Huang, Correlation of swirl
number for a radial-type swirl generator. Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, 1996. 12(4): p.444–451.
93.
Leuckel, W., Swirl intensities, swirl types and energy losses of different swirl
generating devices, 1973.
94.
Schimek, S., J.P. Moeck and C.O. Paschereit, An Experimental Investigation
of the Nonlinear Response of an Atmospheric Swirl-Stabilized Premixed
122
Flame. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011. 133(10):
p.101502.
95.
Schmittel, P., B. Günther, B. Lenze, W. Leuckel and H. Bockhorn, Turbulent
swirling flames: Experimental investigation of the flow field and formation of
nitrogen oxide. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2000. 28(1): p.303–
309.
96.
Rodriguez-martinez, V.M., J.R. Dawson, N. Syred and T.O. Doherty, The
effect of expansion plane geometry on fluid dynamics under combustion
instability in a swirl combustor. American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, 2003. 116: p.1–10.
97.
Syred, N., A review of oscillation mechanisms and the role of the precessing
vortex core (PVC) in swirl combustion systems. Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science, 2006. 32(2): p.93–161.
98.
Gabler, H.C., R.A. Yetter and I. Glassman, Asymmetric Whirl Combustion : A
New Approach for Non-Premixed Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor Design.
1998. p.1–11.
99.
Claypole, T.C., and N. Syred, The effect of swirl burner aerodynamics on
NOx formation. Symposium (International) on Combustion, 1981. 18(1):
p.81–89.
100. Huang, Y., and V. Yang, Bifurcation of flame structure in a lean-premixed
swirl-stabilized combustor: transition from stable to unstable flame.
Combustion and Flame, 2004. 136(3): p.383–389.
101. Kim, K.T., J.G. Lee, H.J. Lee, B.D. Quay and D.A. Santavicca,
Characterization of Forced Flame Response of Swirl-Stabilized Turbulent
Lean-Premixed Flames in a Gas Turbine Combustor. Journal of Engineering
for Gas Turbines and Power, 2010. 132(4): p.041502.
102. Durox, D., J.P. Moeck, J.-F. Bourgouin, P. Morenton, M. Viallon, T. Schuller
and S. Candel, Flame dynamics of a variable swirl number system and
instability control. Combustion and Flame, 2013. 160(9): p.1729–1742.
103. Guiberti, T.F., L. Zimmer, D. Durox and T. Schuller, Experimental Analysis
of V- to M-Shape Transition of Premixed CH 4 /H 2 /Air Swirling Flames. In
Proceedings of the ASME, 2013. 1: p.V01AT04A063.
104. Fanaca, D., P.R. Alemela, C. Hirsch and T. Sattelmayer, Comparison of the
Flow Field of a Swirl Stabilized Premixed Burner in an Annular and a Single
123
Burner Combustion Chamber. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power, 2010. 132(7): p.071502.
105. Worth, N.A., and J.R. Dawson, Cinematographic OH-PLIF measurements of
two interacting turbulent premixed flames with and without acoustic forcing.
Combustion and Flame, 2012. 159(3): p.1109–1126.
106. Worth, N.A., and J.R. Dawson, Self-excited circumferential instabilities in a
model annular gas turbine combustor: Global flame dynamics. Proceedings of
the Combustion Institute, 2013. 34(2): p.3127–3134.
107. Boileau, M., G. Staffelbach, B. Cuenot, T. Poinsot and C. Berat, LES of an
ignition sequence in a gas turbine engine. Combustion and Flame, 2008.
154(1): p.2–22.
108. Yetter, R., I. Glassman and H. Gabler, Asymmetric whirl combustion: A new
low NO x approach. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2000. 28(1):
p.1265–1272.
109. Wu, M., Y. Wang, V. Yang and R.A. Yetter, Combustion in meso-scale vortex
chambers. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007. 31(2): p.3235–
3242.
110. Wang, Y., A numerical Study of Combustion in Meso-Scale Vortex
Chambers. Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, 2006.
111. Fujii, S., K. Eguchi and M. Gomij, Swirling Jets with and without
Combustion. AIAA JOURNAL, 1981. 19(11): p.1438–1442.
112. Meier, W., X.R. Duan and P. Weigand, Investigations of swirl flames in a gas
turbine model combustor. Combustion and Flame, 2006. 144(1-2): p.225–236.
113. Sadiki, A., S. Repp and C. Schneider, Numerical and experimental
investigations
of
confinedswirling
combusting
flows.
Progress
in
Computational Fluid Dynamics, an International Journal, 2003. 2(3): p.78–
88.
114. Fluent, A., 12.0 Theory Guide. Ansys Inc, 2009.
115. Spalding, B.E. and Launder, D.B., Lectures in Mathematical Models of
Turbulence. Academic Press, London, England, 1972.
116. Canonsburg, T.D., ANSYS FLUENT User ’ s Guide. 2011. 15317(2): p.724–
746.
117. Fiskum, A., Calculation of NOx Formation in a Swirl Burner, 2008.
124
118. Kaisare, N.S., and D.G. Vlachos, Optimal reactor dimensions for
homogeneous combustion in small channels. Catalysis Today, 2007. 120(1):
p.96–106.
119. Morsy, M.H., Review and recent developments of laser ignition for internal
combustion engines applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
2012. 16(7): p.4849–4875.
120. Smyth, S.A., and D.C. Kyritsis, Experimental determination of the structure of
catalytic micro-combustion flows over small-scale flat plates for methane and
propane fuel. Combustion and Flame, 2012. 159(2): p.802–816.
121. De, A., and S. Acharya, Dynamics of upstream flame propagation in a
hydrogen-enriched premixed flame. International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, 2012. 37(22): p.17294–17309.
122. Di Sarli, V., A. Di Benedetto, E.J. Long and G.K. Hargrave, Time-Resolved
Particle Image Velocimetry of dynamic interactions between hydrogenenriched methane/air premixed flames and toroidal vortex structures.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012. 37(21): p.16201–16213.
123. Shen, X., Q. Wang, H. Xiao and J. Sun, Experimental study on the
characteristic stages of premixed hydrogen-air flame propagation in a
horizontal rectangular closed duct. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
2012. 37(16): p.12028–12038.
124. Wang, H., K. Luo, S. Lu and J. Fan, Direct numerical simulation and analysis
of a hydrogen/air swirling premixed flame in a micro combustor. International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011. 36(21): p.13838–13849.
125. Bandyopadhyay, R., and P. Nylén, A Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis
of Gas and Particle Flow in Flame Spraying. Journal of Thermal Spray
Technology, 2003. 12(4): p.492–503.
126. Ha, J., and Z. Zhu, Computation of turbulent reactive flows in industrial
burners. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 1998. 22(12): p.1059–1070.
127. Consalvi, J.L., Y. Pizzo, B. Porterie and J.L. Torero, On the flame height
definition for upward flame spread. Fire Safety Journal, 2007. 42(5): p.384–
392.
128. Spadaccini, C.M., Mehra, A., Lee, J., Zhang, X., Lukachko, S., and Waitz,
I.A., High power density silicon combustion systems for micro gas turbine
125
engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of
the Asme, 2002. 125(1): p.709–719.
129. Mellish, B., F. Miller, J. Ti’en, D. Dietrich and P. Struk, Premixed flames
stabilized on or propagating inside micro tubes. In The 4th Joint Meeting of
the US Sections of the Combustion Institute, Philadelphia, 2005.
130. Miesse, C.M., R.I. Masel, C.D. Jensen, M. a. Shannon and M. Short,
Submillimeter-scale combustion. AIChE Journal, 2004. 50(12): p.3206–3214.
131. ITO, M., and H. KIMURA, Boiling heat transfer and pressure drop in internal
spiral-grooved tubes. Bulletin of JSME, 1979. 22(171): p.1251–1257.
132. Eldrainy, Y.A., K.M. Saqr, H.S. Aly and M.N.M. Jaafar, CFD insight of the
flow dynamics in a novel swirler for gas turbine combustors. International
Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009. 36(9): p.936–941.
133. Gupta, A.K., D.G. Lilley and N. Syred, Swirl flows. Tunbridge Wells, Kent,
England, Abacus Press, 1984.
134. Kim, N., S. Kato, T. Kataoka, T. Yokomori, S. Maruyama, T. Fujimori and K.
Maruta, Flame stabilization and emission of small Swiss-roll combustors as
heaters. Combustion and Flame, 2005. 141(3): p.229–240.
135. Saqr, K.M., H.S. Aly, M.M. Sies and M. a. Wahid, Computational and
experimental
investigations
of
turbulent
asymmetric
vortex
flames.
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 38(3):
p.353–362.
136. Li, J., and B. Zhong, Experimental investigation on heat loss and combustion
in methane/oxygen micro-tube combustor. Applied Thermal Engineering,
2008. 28(7): p.707–716.
137. Fernando, S., C. Hall and S. Jha, NOx Reduction from Biodiesel Fuels.
Energy & Fuels, 2006. 20(1): p.376–382.
138. Marvodineanu, R., H. Boiteux and R. Mavrodineanu, Flame spectroscopy,
1965.
139. Mukhopadhyay, A., and I. Puri, Numerical simulation of methane-air nozzle
burners for aluminum remelt furnaces. ASME-Publications, 2001. 369: p.65–
72.