The Increase and Decrease Connecting Potential Analysis on Urban and Rural
Residential Land of Tianjin
Guo-bin Lin ¹ Shuo Hao ²
1
School of Management and Economics, Tianjin University Tianjin, China
The Postgraduate Department, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China,
(Haoshuo1988@163.com)
2
Abstract - Research purpose: probe into the technical
routes and methods of CUR (connecting the increase of
urban construction with the decrease of rural residential
land) potential calculation. Research method: quantitative
analysis method. Results: according to this calculation
method and technical route, the empirical analysis on CUR
potential of Tianjin, the CUR potential coefficient is 1.25 and
the CUR potential balance is 4936.60 hm² in as yearly
planning goals. This states that Tianjin can meet the demand
of new town construction land occupying plough in target
planned years through CUR performance. Research
conclusions: to find the technical route and measure and
calculated methods of CUR potential based on overall plan
of land utilization its result would reflect the actual area,
tightly integrating with land use control, be useful data
references for other places applying for CUR experimental
unit, distributing CUR quota, developing CUR items, lay the
foundation for working out land reclamation planning and
provide quantitative data and references for land and
resources management departments to develop, innovation
CUR policy.
Keywords – CUR, calculation methods, technical
route, potential calculation
I. INTRODUCTION
In June of 2008, the Ministry of land and
resources issued “connecting the increase in Urban
construction with the decrease in Rural residential land
management approach”, and it symbolized that our
country CUR (connecting the increase of urban
construction with the decrease of rural residential land)
pilot work which was formally incorporated into the
course that runs lawfully. With the further development of
the CUR, CUR with the Chinese characteristic of land use
in China has gradually become the research focus in the
field of land management and preliminary already formed
with CUR policy interpretation[1][2][3][4], CUR pattern
design[5][6][7][8],CUR
benefit
evaluation[9][10][11],CUR
potential analysis[12][13]and so on as the core content of the
theoretical system. However the CUR potential and space
layout analysis research is few. The few studies are
mostly lack of potential calculation of system thinking,
ignoring the potential to link with the general plans for
land use and the calculation results with the overall land
use planning are out of line, bad practicality. In the future,
based on the overall land use planning of CUR potential
calculation will be one of the most important research
directions. It can provide useful data references for other
places applying for CUR experimental unit, distributing
CUR quota, developing CUR items, lay the foundation for
working out land reclamation planning and provide
quantitative data and references for land and resources
management departments to develop, innovate CUR
policy.
II. THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF CUR
China's CUR policy was introduced when
urbanization and industrialization were advanced
ceaselessly, the construction of new socialist countryside
is just unfolded. The core of this policy includes two
aspects: The former is mainly for the expansion of the city
and the latter, in the present stage of our country, is
mainly through consolidation rural residential land to
achieve. The CUR potential analysis is theoretical and
practical work and must have corresponding theoretical
basis guiding to make it more scientific, forward-looking
and practical. This paper argues that related theoretical
basis mainly includes land use planning theory,
sustainable development theory, location theory, and rent
theory.
A. Land Use Planning Theory
Land-use planning is ahead of schedule
arrangement for a certain area of land use in the future,
which is land resource allocation and reasonable
organization of land-use comprehensive technical and
economic measures in time and space on the basis of the
regional social economics development and land natural
history characteristics [14]. The land use planning on the
one hand as science and technology is the productive
force to provide support for human reasonable and orderly
use for land, on the other hand as the land in the sectors of
the national economy in the means of distribution
industries, belonging to the category of production
relation. In CUR, the rural residential land consolidation
is the one involving engineering technique, management,
administrative, economic, and legal and other fields, and
complicated system engineering, in which the
establishment of rural residential land consolidation
planning is one of the most important contents. In
planning the preparation of the process, land planning
plays an important guiding role of theory. Its preparation
should include the following aspects: target; current
analysis; feasibility analysis and evaluation; selection
model; preparation and evaluation of different alternatives
depend on the economic and social, environmental
analysis; choosing satisfactory solution; drawing and
writing program.
B. Sustainable Development Theory
Sustainable development not only satisfy the
demand answers and not harm future generations demand,
but also conforms to the local population interests and to
the interests of the global population. Here mainly
includes the following means:
1) Efficient development: Not only refer to
the efficiency of economic sense, but also contains
natural resources and environment in the profits and
losses of the composition.
2) Sustainable development: The economic
and social development cannot exceed the carrying
capacity of the environment and resource, and we must
make the natural resource consumption rate be lower
than the rate of regeneration resources.
3) Equitable development: Contains the
generation of transverse intergenerational equity and
intergenerational vertical equity, and people living in
contemporary word cannot damage offspring’s survival
and development conditions due to their own
development needs.
4) Common development: the earth is a
complex giant system, between various subsystems are
interaction, as long as a sub system happen problems,
will directly or indirectly affect other subsystems and
influences the whole system function, therefore, the
sustainable development is common development.
Coordinating the contradiction between supply
and demand of land is the eternal theme of sustainable
utilization of land resources. In the CUR work, we must
always adhere to the concept of sustainable development.
That is to say the work must ensure the use of land on the
basis of the ecological security and social stability and
ensure the land ecological environment allows the limits
of land consolidation.
C. Location Theory
Location theory is about the place of human
economics activities and the theory of space economic
ties. The positions of the spatial distribution of Social
economic activity include geographical location,
economic position and traffic position. These positions
connecting organically work together to regional space,
forming the superiority of difference of land location.
Land is the places of all human activities. Different
human activities can produce different types of land
using. Plot has not only azimuth and distance attributes,
but also social economic activities and the spatial
distribution law which closely ties to geographical
elements.
About the economic benefit of the land, the
influence of the location factor mainly is embodied in the
following respects:
1) Accessibility:
Locations
with
good
accessibility can enter the location strongly.
2) The distance from the central of business
district: The closer from the central business district, the
location is better and the land using efficiency is higher.
3) Materialized labor inputs: The more social
materialized labor is used, the value of land using is
greater and the economic benefit is much higher.
4) Agglomeration
benefits
and
its
complementary with each other: Cluster can make the
enterprise to get comprehensive benefit. When multiple or
related enterprises get together, it forming the mutual
complement of organic whole, they can get more profit
than scattered arrangement.
The location of the project is the embodiment
and application of the location theory. On the one hand,
the rural residential areas in the CUR turns into cultivated
land again and the cultivated land for building a new area
turns into urban construction purposes, realizing the
change of the space position of the land use, making the
land use become more reasonable; On the other hand, for
the choosing of the new site, also need the region whose
location is in good, and can gain maximum benefit.
D. Rent Theory
Differential rent theory provides theory basis
for the analysis of urban and rural construction land
increase or decrease the peg operation mechanism.
Differential rent theory is the part of the excess profit a
rebound by the operating better land belonging to the land
owners. The difference of land’s natural conditions and
the monopoly to the right of land using combine
differential rent. In accordance with the formation
condition, the differential rent can be divided into
differential rent Ⅰ and differential rent Ⅱ. Differential
rent Ⅰ produced in different land fertile degree and
geographical location and differential rent Ⅱ because in
the same block continuous investment leads to higher
labor productivity. Differential rent Ⅰ is the basis and the
premise of differential rent Ⅱ.
In the CUR work, one of key jobs is to set up
the reasonable corresponding relation between new build
(CUR demand area) and removed the old district (CUR
supply area). Among them, the CUR supply areas mainly
develop consolidation of rural construction land potential,
provide town construction land index, and the CUR
demand as key areas of urban construction. In theory,
differential rent lower land unsuitable for construction, so
we should reclaim the differential land rent lower local
rural construction land as plough and high places of
differential rent for the priority of the arrangement for the
new building.
III. THE CUR POTENTIAL MEASURE TECHNICAL
ROUTE
CUR potential is to calculate possibility and the
size of a regional implementation CUR policy, according
to the prediction of the target planed year demand of
urban construction land and land consolidation potential
of rural residential area. Measuring CUR potential is the
foundation of developed for CUR plan, is the basis of the
CUR index distribution. In this paper, we used CUR
potential coefficient and CUR potential balance to
represent the size of the CUR potential. In numerical, the
CUR potential coefficient is equal to the ratio between
CUR supply and the demand in target years, as followed
(1).The CUR potential balance is equal to the difference
between CUR supply and demand in target years, as
followed (2).
r = S g / Dg
(1)
Qy = S g - Dg
(2)
(4)
In (4): Sg is the ability of CUR supply, Sq is
rural residential land readjustment potential, Sx is Rural
residential area of current situation, Sh is rural residential
planning area and α is newly increased cultivated land
coefficient.
The concrete calculation process is as follows:
Step 1: Calculation of rural residential land
readjustment potential, based on the rural residents
utilization.
Step 2: Calculation of rural residential planning
in target years CUR supply ability based on the land use
of rural residential area planning.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
A. The General Situation of Research Area
A. Urban Construction Land CUR Demand Calculation
The CUR demand is depending on the urban
construction land demand through the CUR model to
meet based on all levels general land use planning scheme
and the regional economic social development. In this
paper the calculation of CUR demand is as followed (3):
Tianjin is the biggest coastal open city in North
China, within the eastern Eurasian Continental Bridge
bridgehead, and is located in the northeast of the north
China plain, the Bohai economic center, which are good
location conditions. At the end of 2008, the city's
population was 9,688,700, of which agricultural
population was 3,806,000 and non agricultural population
was 5,882,700. According to Tianjin 2008 current landuse change survey results, the city's land area was
1,191,731.9 hm². Among that, agricultural land area was
692,670.95hm², accounting for 58.12% of the total land
and plough area was 441,089.72hm² among agricultural
land, representing the city's total land area of 37.01%; The
total area of land for construction was 368,188.81 hm²,
accounting for30.90% of the total land area, in which
rural residential land was 88,192.45hm², representing the
city's total land area of 4.70%; The size of unused land
was 130,872.15hm², accounting for10.98% of the total
land area and mainly in Baodi District, Ninghe County,
Dagang District, Wuqing District, Jinghai County and
other places.
(3)
In (3): Dg is CUR demand, Dz is additional
construction land quota occupied farmland index in target
years, and Dx is new construction land occupation of
cultivated land control indexes which determined by “The
overall land use planning (2006 -2020)
B. The Calculation of Consolidation
Residential Land CUR Supply Ability
S g =α [Sq – (S x – S h)]
IV.
In (1) and (2): r is CUR potential coefficient, Qy
is CUR potential balance, Sg is CUR supply ability in
target years and Dg is CUR demand in target years.
Mainly consists of the following three steps to
calculate the CUR potential:
Step 1: Calculate urban construction land CUR
demand based on the urban construction land utilization
and planning in target years.
Step 2: Calculate consolidation of rural
residential land CUR supply ability based on the rural
dweller dot utilization and planning in target years.
Step 3: Calculate the CUR potential.
D g= D z – D x
land to CUR work based on the overall planning of land
use. The calculation of CUR demand is as followed (4):
of
Rural
The consolidation of rural residential land CUR
supply ability is that in various practical constraints, the
capacity of consolidation rural residential land providing
B. Tianjin Town Construction Land CUR Demand
Estimates
CUR demand in Tianjin district and county is as
shown in tableⅠ, according to the formula (3), “Tianjin
city land uses overall planning (2006 -2020)” and the
second land survey data of Tianjin city. We can see from
it that in target planed years, Tianjin by CUR to meet the
need of the town construction land of cultivated land
occupied index will be 19,905.19 hm², CUR needs at most
will be Wuqing District, as high as 3,454.1 hm²,
TABLE Ⅰ
CUR DEMAND TABLE IN TIANJIN DISTRICT AND COUNTY
District and county
name
New construction land
of cultivated land
occupied index
（hm2）
New construction land of
cultivated land occupied
control index
（hm2）
CUR demand
（hm2）
Proportion（%）
Binhai NewArea
2723.48
2228.17
515.28
2.59
Dongli
Xiqing
Jinnan
Beichen
Wuqing
Baodi
Ninghe
Jinghai
Jixian
Total
3572.79
3018.17
3558.03
2967.41
5094.40
3488.97
2925.19
4430.73
2826.03
34605.19
2145.1
1482.6
1482.6
1198.7
1640.3
1703.4
883.3
1135.6
820.2
14700.00
1427.69
1535.57
2075.43
1768.71
3454.10
1785.57
2041.89
3295.13
2005.83
19905.19
7.17
7.71
10.43
8.89
17.35
8.97
10.26
16.55
10.08
100.00
accounting for 17.35% of all CUR demand, followed by
Jinghai County will be 3,295.13 hm²accounting for
16.55% of all CUR demand, CUR needs the least will be
Binhai New Area, only 515.28 hm², accounting for 2.59%
of all CUR demand.
Tianjin Binhai New Area should pay future
efforts to become North China portal opening to the
outside world, a high level of modern manufacturing and
research conversion base, the northern international
shipping center and the international logistics center, and
gradually become the economic prosperity, social
harmony, environmental beautifully and ecological
livable city. Therefore, the “Tianjin city land uses overall
planning (2006 -2020)” gives more new construction land
occupation of farmland index, to provide security for its
economic development, strategic position, while in rural
residential land readjustment potential larger region gives
fewer new construction land occupation of cultivated land
index. For the part of new construction land occupation of
farmland indexes cannot meet the needs of social and
economic development of the area, the needs must rely on
the CUR work to meet. This suggests that the CUR policy
has now become the city of Tianjin land important macrocontrol means.
C. Calculation Consolidation of Rural Residential Land
of Tianjin CUR Supply Ability
There are two steps to calculate consolidation
rural residential land in Tianjin CUR supply ability
according to (4) and above listed 2.2 calculated steps.
1) Calculation of Tianjin rural residential land
consolidation potential in the planning target years: this
study uses the method from Song Wei [15] to calculate
Tianjin rural residential land readjustment potential, the
calculation is as (5) and (6):
Si = Sx-(At×Mt)R
(5)
Mt = G/Qt
(6)
In (5) and (6): Si is rural residential land
consolidation potential, Sx is current situation of rural
residential area, At is the average standard of homestead
land in the target years, Mt is households in the target
years, R is the proportion of residential land in the target
years, G is rural population in the target years, Qt is
household scale in the target years.
Calculate Tianjin rural residential land
consolidation potential according to the (5), (6) after
determining household scale, the average homestead area,
the proportion of residential land in Tianjin counties and
the results would be in Table Ⅱ. From table Ⅱ, rural
settlements obviously regional differences exist in Tianjin
districts consolidation potential. Suburban districts and
Binhai New Area developed area, rural residential land
readjustment potential is relatively lower, because of the
more developed economies, higher urbanization level, the
higher rural residential land saving and intensive use
level. Conversely, some undeveloped economy,
urbanization level is lower, and along with the economic
and social development in the future, the rural residential
land consolidation potential is higher. Dongli district rural
residential land readjustment potential is minimum as 0
hm² according to the “Tianjin city land uses overall
planning (2006 -2020)” .In addition, Binhai New Area
rural residential land consolidation potentiality is lower,
as 3,540.61hm² and Beichen is 695.67 hm². Baodi is the
highest as 13,910.79hm², followed by Jixian and Wuqing,
which are 13,228.82hm² and 11,935.65 hm² respectively.
TABLE Ⅱ
RURAL RESIDENTIAL LAND READJUSTMENT POTENTIAL IN TIANJIN DISTRICT AND COUNTY (UNIT: hm ²)
District
and
County
Name
Binhai
New
Area
Dongli
Xiqing
Jinnan
Beichen
Wuqing
Baodi
Ninghe
Jinghai
Jixian
Total
0
6970.12
7837.01
5695.67
11935.65
13910.79
5141.57
9676.31
13228.82
77936.56
Arrang
-ement
3540.61
Potenti
-al
Label: Dongli district rural residents are without arrangement potential because it’s planning rural residential area is 0 hm² in the target years, according
to the «Tianjin city land uses overall planning (2006 -2020)
TABLE Ⅲ
CUR SUPPLY ABILITY IN TIANJIN DISTRICT AND COUNTY (UNIT : hm ²)
District and
county name
Binhai
New
Area
Dongli
Xiqing
Jinnan
Beichen
Wuqing
Baodi
Ninghe
Jinghai
Jixian
Total
CUR supply
ability
287.97
0
1064.8
216.41
524.34
3715.19
6966.34
4054.72
3505.07
4506.96
24841.79
TABLE Ⅳ
CUR POTENTIAL CORFFICIENT AND CUR POTENTIAL
BALANCE OF EACH DISTRICT AND COUNTY
Binhai new area
0.56
CUR potential
balance（hm2）
-227.31
DongLi
0
-1427.69
Xiqing
0.69
-470.79
Jinnan
0.10
-1859.02
Beichen
0.30
-1244.37
Wuqing
Baodi
1.08
3.90
261.09
5180.77
NingHe
1.99
2012.83
JingHai
1.06
209.94
Jixian
2.25
2501.13
Total
1.25
4936.60
Area county name
CUR potential
coefficient
2) Calculation of CUR supply ability in Tianjin
in the target years: according to the CUR case in Tianjin
districts, Tianjin CUR rural dweller dot reclamation
newly cultivated land coefficient between 0.80 and 0.92
in the demolition of the old district. Considering relevant
expert opinions, this study identified each involving
agricultural district newly cultivated land coefficient is
0.85, in addition to Jixian. Comprehensive determination
of newly increased cultivated land coefficient is 0.5,
because Jixian is located in mountainous terrain district,
which is the northernmost ecological area of Tianjin, the
main target land use is ecological conservation and
bearing the development of tourism and many rural
residents is not suitable for land reclamation. By (4),we
can calculate each distinct and county CUR supply ability
as table Ⅲ. Tianjin CUR supply capacity is 24,841.79 hm²,
among them, Baodi 6,966.34 hm², Jixian 4,506.96 hm²
followed by Ninghe, Wuqing and Jinghai; The CUR and
supply capacity of Jinnan, Binhai new area and Beichen is
lesser, Dongli is 0 hm². The space link differences of each
area county’s CUR ability of reflecting the differences of
the various districts and counties in Tianjin economic
development level, the industrialization, the urbanization
process .The counties’ supply capacity with high levels in
the industrialization, the urbanization level, economical
and intensive utilization of land is poor; Otherwise, is
strong.
D. The Potential Estimates of Tianjin CUR in Planning
Target Years
According to (1) (2), we can calculate the CUR
ability of the Tianjin each area county’s planning target
years, specifically seen in table Ⅳ. From the table Ⅳ, we
can see the Tianjin’s potential CUR coefficient of
planning target years is 1.25, a CUR for 4,936.60 hm²
potential balances, which shows through the CUR work,
Tianjin can meet the demand of new town planning target
years construction land occupying cultivated land, and
there's a balance potential index. However we can see
from the various districts and counties’ CUR potential
coefficient, different areas’ county CUR has bigger space
potential differences, such as Jixian, Ninghe, Baodi,
Jinghai and other rare counties have bigger CUR
potential, but Dongli, Beichen, Jinnan Xiqing districts
,this four suburban areas, and Binhai new area’s CUR
potential is small. In order to effectively regulate the
imbalance of CUR potential between each district and
county and realize the coordinated development among
different levels regions, we should divide the whole city
into different CUR areas and distribute the balance CUR
potential index, according to the CUR potential
coefficient.
V. CONCLUSION
The CUR is an effective method in speeding up
new countryside construction, developing urban and rural
together, optimizing the structure of land using and
improving the land intensive using. In the process of
implementing, the potential estimation is the basis and the
premise of land layout measure; need to choose a
scientific and reasonable index to represent the size of the
potential. Building the CUR potential measurement
method and the technical route is based on the general
land use, and the calculated result can reflect the actual
area, tightly integrated in land use control, which would
be useful data references for other places applying for
CUR experimental unit, distributing CUR quota,
developing CUR items, laying the foundation for working
out land reclamation of planning, and providing
quantitative data and references for land and resources
management departments to develop, innovative policy
for CUR.
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