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International Connection
Opportunities for VLBI
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James Williams
TransPAC Executive Investigator
Indiana University
williams@iu.edu
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Presentation Outline
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• Some general observations
• Status of national networks
• International connection points
• International network initiatives
• Non-infrastructure concerns
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Some General Observations
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• National network bandwidth increasing rapidly
• Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific networking costs are
decreasing, but will reach a limit
• New cable construction unlikely for a time, but
increased speeds possible
• Intra-region connectivity growing
• Application demand growing but current networks
not stressed
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National Networks
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• GEANT
A
• SURFnet
U
• SuperSINET
N
• GEMNET
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• Abilene
• CA*net4
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See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
GEANT
http://www.dante.org.uk
• Consortium of
NRNs in Europe
• 10Gbps
European
backbone
• NRN access at
2.5Gbps
• 2x2.5Gbps
across Atlantic
• Interconnecting
in NYC
SURFnet
http://www.surfnet.nl/
• 2x622Mbps to
StarLight
(production)
• Lambda for research
(2.5Gbps)
• StarLight
counterpart in
Amsterdam
Source: Erik-Jan Bos
SuperSINET Sites
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Jan. 2002
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Oct. 2002
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Oct. 2003
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SuperSINET Sites
University / Institute:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Tohoku University
High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)
The University of Tokyo
The Institute of Medical Science
(IMS), The university of Tokyo
NII Hitotsubashi
NII Chiba
National Astronomical
Observatory (NAO)
The Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science (ISAS)
National Institute of Genetics
(NIG)
•
•
•
•
•
Nagoya University
National Institute for Fusion
Science (NIFS)
Kyoto University
Institute for Chemical Research
(ICR), Kyoto University
Osaka University
Hubs:
•
•
•
Tokyo Hub
Nagoya Hub
Osaka Hub
SINET and SuperSINET
(Oct. 2002, Planned)
Okinawa
Niigata
Sapporo
Kitami
Hirosaki
Kagoshima
Tottori
Kanazawa
Nagano
Sendai
Kumamoto
Matsuyama
Kyoto
Tsukuba
NII Chiba
NII Hitotsubashi
Kitakyushu
Koganei
Yamaguchi
Fukuoka
Nagasaki
Hiroshima
Chiba
SuperSINET
Chofu
Kobe
Osaka
Okayama
Tokushima
Meguro
Nagoya
Okazaki
N.B. All of the SINET and Super SINET nodes are not shown here.
Tokyo
Yokohama
ISAS
Maebashi
Yamanashi
Saitama
GEMNET
•
NTT Labs-owned and operated
network
– Connects NTT Research
Labs in Japan
– Plus several radio
telescope installations
– Plus U. Kyoto and U.
Tokyo
– 2.4Gbps circuits
– 33Mbps connection to US,
of which 10Mb PVC to
Abilene, also to STAR TAP
Radio Frequency
Signals from
Space
Nobeyama
Radio
Observatory
(NAO)
KSP
Miura
Station
(CRL)
Usuda
Deep
Space
Center
(ISAS)
2.4Gb/s ATM
KSP
Kashima
Station
Kashima Space
Research
Network Center (CRL)
NTT
Musashino
R&D
Center
National
Astronomical
Observatory
KSP
Tateyama
Station
(CRL)
KSP
Koganei
Station
Communications
Research
Laboratory
NTT’s R+E Network - GEMnet
Japan 33
Mbps
1.5 Mbps
*
Malaysia facilities
(NTT MSC)
CA*net
II
MREN
STAR TAP
6.5
6.5 M
M
Abilene
San Jose
NTT’s GEMnet
- Activities of NTT R&D
- R/E network for non-commercial
experiments
- Member of UCAID for experiments
on Abilene
*
facilities
Japan
NTT Musashino
R&D CenterOtemachi
Facilities
35 Mbps NTT
To the USA
Yokosuka
R&D Center
GEMnet
NTT Keihan-na
R&D Center
connection point
**
*
*
*
To Malaysia
Connected with:
- Abilene
- MREN
- CALREN2
- CA*net II
- JGN (Japan Gigabit
- Network)
- Also to South America
- Via REUNA & AMPATH
- To Chile
Abilene International Peering
16 November 2001
STAR TAP/Star Light
Pacific Wave
AARNET,
APAN/TransPAC,
CA*net3,
TANET2
APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, FASTnet,
GEMnet, IUCC, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet, RENATER,
SURFnet, SingAREN, TAnet2 (ANSP, RNP2)
NYCM
SNVA
BELNET,
Washington
CA*net3,
HEANET,
JANET,
NORDUnet,
GEANT*
GEMNET, Sacrament
SINET,
o
SingAREN, WIDE
LOSA
Los Angeles
UNINET
San Diego (CALREN2)
CUDI
OC3-OC12
El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso)
CUDI
AMPATH
REUNA, RNP2
RETINA (ANSP)
Possible CA*net 4 Topology
January 1, 2002
Edmonton
Prince George
Saskatoon
Vancouver
Calgary
Kamloops
Winnipeg
Regina
Halifax
Thunder Bay
Victoria
Quebec City
Seattle
Spokane
Sudbury
Montreal
Ottawa
Minneapolis
Toronto
CA*net 4 Node Mini-IX
Kingston
Buffalo
Hamilton
Albany
Windsor
Possible Future link or Option
CA*net 4 OC192
Charlottetown
Fredericton
London
Possible Future Breakout
St. John's
Chicago
New York
Halifax
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International Connection Points
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• Pacific Wave
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• Hawaii
U
• StarLight
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See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
Hawaii Observatories and Science Centers
PMRF
University of Hawaii
Intl Pacific Research Center
Maui Supercomputer,
Haleakala Observatories
Mauna Kea Observatories
Current Hawaii Trans-Pacific Links
• OC-3 Peering with AARNet
• OC-3 Peering with Abilene (Seattle)
• OC-3 Link to DREN (Seattle)
Southern Cross Cable Network
Japan-U.S. Cable Network
Planned Hawaii Trans-Pacific Links
• (2x) OC-3 Peering with APAN
• (2x) OC-3 to California
• Pacific Wave?
Southern Cross Cable Network
Japan-U.S. Cable Network
StarLight
AADS NAP
225 West Randolph
ATM
ATM PVC
PVC
Exchange
Exchange Service
Service
AS
AS 10764
10764
IPv4
and
IPv4 and IPv6
IPv6
Transit
Transit Service
Service
2*OC12c
710 North Lake
Shore Drive
Research
Research
Circuit/Lambda
Circuit/Lambda
Switching
Switching
1&10
1&10 Gigabit
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ethernet
Exchange
Exchange
Service
Service
Carrier-Neutral
Carrier-Neutral
Co-Location
Co-Location
Facility
Facility
ESNet (OC-3c soon OC-12c)
Abilene (OC-12c)
vBNS (OC-12c)
FASTNet (OC-3c)
Fermilab (OC-3c)
Argonne (OC-12c)
CANARIE (OC-3c)
MREN (layer2)
6TAP
NPA/NXX 312/503
Abilene (2xGE)
SURFNet (2xOC-12c, OC-48c)
Argonne (2xGE)
Northwestern University (GE)
AMPATH (GE)
vBNS+ (OC12c soon)
TRANSPAC (OC-12c)
NORDUNET (OC3c)
6TAP
MREN (layer2 and 3)
NREN (GE soon)
ESnet (GE soon)
I-WIRE (dark fiber)
WKN 20011202
Services via Qwest
StarLight Connectivity to Qwest
710 North Lake
Shore Drive
1&10
1&10 Gigabit
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ethernet
Exchange
Exchange
Service
Service
NPA/NXX
312/503
455 N CityFront
Plaza
Research
Research
Circuit/Lambda
Circuit/Lambda
Switching
Switching
Carrier-Neutral
Carrier-Neutral
Co-Location
Co-Location
Facility
Facility
Abilene (2xGE)
SURFNet (2xOC-12c, OC-48c)
Argonne (2xGE)
Northwestern University (GE)
AMPATH (GE)
vBNS+ (OC12c soon)
1&10
1&10 Gigabit
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ethernet
Transport
Transport
Service
Service
I-WIRE
dark
fiber
I-WIRE (dark fiber)
TRANSPAC (OC-12c)
NORDUNET (OC3c)
6TAP
MREN (layer2 and 3)
NREN (GE soon)
ESnet (GE soon)
1&10
1&10 Gigabit
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ethernet
Transport
Transport
Service
Service
Qwest
Qwest
Co-Location
Co-Location
Facility
Facility
TeraGrid DTFnet
ESNet
NREN
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International Connection
Initiatives
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Cable Networks
APAN
TransPAC - NA to Asia
GTRN - EU to NA (extension to Asia)
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See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
Southern Cross Network
2
3
APAN Network –
today & near future
Hawaii
Seoul
Korea
Genkai/Hyunhae
Busan
250㎞
GbE
•KJCN
(Korea-Japan Cable
Network)
Fukuoka
Prefecture in
Kyushu, Japan
–Starting in 2002.3
–12 fiber pairs with no relays
–Starting from 50Gbps
Æ2.88Terabit
(current traffic volume
between KR and JP : about
500Mbps)
By Koji Okamura
Lambda Backbone in 2004
TransPAC Network
TransPAC
Seoul XP
CERNET
Tokyo XPd
Pacific GigaPOP
Pacific
Wave
OC12 POP
“Northern Route”
Gigabit Ethernet
Switch
IMnet
AARNet
Abilene
StarLIGHT Chicago
OC12 ATM
“Southern Route”
Policy Router
CA*Net
SURFnet
ATM Switch
Gigabit Ethernet
Switch
NORDUnet
AADS
ATM
WIDE
StarTAP
PHnet Osaka U
vBNS+
NREN
ESnet Genuity
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Towards a Global Terabit Research
Network
Global cyber infrastructure requires a network that:
• provides a single global backbone
interconnecting global network access points
(GNAPs) that provide peering within a country or
region
• provides global backbone speeds comparable to
those at NRRENS, i.e. OC192 in 2002
• allows coordinated global advanced service
deployment (e.g. QoS, IPv6, multicast)
• is based on stable carrier infrastructure or leased
or owned fiber or wavelengths
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Towards a Global Terabit Research
Network
• is persistent, i.e. based on long-term (5-10 year)
agreements with carriers, router vendors, and
optical transmission equipment vendors
• is scalable, e.g. OC768 by 2004, multiple
wavelengths running striped OC768 by 2005,
terabit/sec transmission by 2006
• allow GNAPs to connect at OC48 and above; to
scale up as backbone speeds scale up
• provides a production service with 24x7x365
management through a series of global NOCs
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Recent Positive Progress
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• NSF is assessing the need for post-HPIIS programs
• DANTE is expected to provide consolidated TransAtlantic connectivity for all of Europe - makes a
North America/Europe solution easier
• TransPAC upgrade complete: 1.244 Gbps to AP
• Optical Wavelength networking and switching
developing (StarLight)
• Abilene upgrade in progress
• CA*net4 funding in place
• Prices for Trans-oceanic connections dropping
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GTRN Step 1
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• Initially connecting Europe and North America
• 2 x OC-48 unprotected POS circuits
• Run as a single AS (AS21230)
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Step 1 is complete.
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Initial GTRN configuration
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Slide courtesy of David West - Dante
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GTRN Step 2
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• Incorporate the TransPAC router in Seattle into the
GTRN AS
• Incorporate the StarLight router in Chicago into the
GTRN AS
• Begin policy and administrative development
• Begin cooperative NOC discussions
R
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Step 2 planned to be complete by mid-May
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GTRN Further Steps
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• Extend the GTRN AS to Asia
A
U
• Formalize the GTRN policy and administrative
structure
N
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• Formalize the GTRN NOC structure
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In process now.
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Non-infrastructure concerns
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• End-to-end (E2E) problems
– Site connectivity
– Instrument connectivity
– Performance measurement
N
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• Global experimental coordination
• Real-time data collection issues (latency)
S
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• QOS issues
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Informative Web Links
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http://www.indiana.edu/~gtrn/
http://www.dante.net/
http://www.canarie.ca/
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http://www.internet2.edu/
I
http://pacificwave.net/
V
http://www.startap.net/starlight/
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http://www.transpac.org/
S
http://www.apan.net/
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http://www.nii.jp/
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http://www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
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Questions and Comments
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James Williams
TransPAC Executive Investigator
Indiana University
williams@iu.edu