The Rise of the Atlantic Economy
Unit 3
Chapters 5
Note to Students
• This PowerPoint was created using a combination
of your textbook as well as other sources/texts.
• In order to shorten the length of the PPT, I have
left out numerous details.
– Students are responsible for getting these details from
the text and class discussions.
• I suggest that students print this PPT and use it to
take notes from the text, ID Cards, and class
discussions.
Expansion of the European Economy
• Age of Exploration leads to expansion of the
European economy
– Decline of Italy
– Rise of Spain, England, France, and Netherlands as
economic centers
• Stimulation of the economy led to
– Bills of Exchange
– Banking
Age of Exploration
• Portugal and Spain lead the “Age of Exploration”
• Portuguese Exploration
– Henry the Navigator
– Bartholomew Dias
– Vasco da Gama
• Spanish Exploration
– Christopher Columbus
– Conquistadors
• Hernan Cortes
• Francisco Pizarro
Machu Picchu
Built by the Incan Empire
The Colonial Economy
• Europeans established colonies
• Mercantilism: the colonies were exploited for the
benefit of the mother country
– Used resources from colonies to increase treasury of
gold and silver
• Haciendas and/or plantations formed for
agricultural production
– Sugar most important ag. commodity
• Mines created to extract precious metals
– Gold and SILVER (Potosi in S. Am)
Population Growth
• Europe’s population increased in the 16th
century
– Increased agricultural production
– “Enclosure” led to private property
• Good for those with land, bad for those without
– New food crops from the Americas
• Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, beans, peppers
The Price Revolution
• Price Revolution
– Prices were on the rise in Europe
• Increase in population led to higher demand for basic
necessities
• Influx of silver from the Americas led to inflation
State Building
• The nations of western Europe begin to
develop stronger, more centralized
government systems.
– Spain
– England
– France
– Netherlands
Spain
• Before 1400’s, Spain
was divided into several
different kingdoms
– Mostly Christian in the
Northern areas
– Muslims controlled
Southern Spain
Spain
• 1469: Ferdinand and Isabella marry to unite
most of the Iberian Peninsula
– Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 5
• “Reconquista” begins
• Spanish Inquisition
Spain
• Charles V (grandson of
Ferdinand and Isabella)
controlled a HUGE
amount of territory.
– Refer to ID Cards for
Chapter 3
• Charles’ reign
– 1519-1556
Empire of Charles V
Spain
• In 1556, Charles V
abdicated the Hapsburg
throne.
– His brother, Ferdinand I,
took over the HRE
– His son, Philip II,
assumed the throne of
Spain
Spain
• Although Spain had the largest empire in
Europe and pulled huge quantities of silver
out of mines in the Americas, Spain still had
money problems
– Spent money defending against Ottoman
aggression in the Mediterranean
• Battle of Lepanto (1571)
– Spain spent much of its silver buying luxury good
from Asia
– Price Revolution harmed Spain’s economy
Policies of Philip II of Spain
• Reign of Philip II: 1556-1598
– See the ID Card for Philip II for more information
• Philip II reigned during a time when Spain was
at the height of its power, but he also oversaw
Spain’s dramatic decline.
– Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
– Economic problems (costly wars, poor economic
policy, etc)
– Dutch Revolt
– Conflict with France and England
Cultural Achievements in Spain
• Don Quixote by Cervantes
• Art:
– El Greco
Homework for Tuesday (9/25)
• Numbered heads together….
1. What caused the Dutch Revolt?
2. What impact did the Dutch Revolt have on
Spain?
3. Trace the economic development of the
Dutch Netherlands in the 16th and 17th
centuries.
4. Trace the cultural achievements of the
“Golden Age of the Dutch Republic”.
France
• Bourbon Family
– Replaced the Valois as
the ruling family
– Came to power with
Henry IV
• Edict of Nantes (1598)
• Refer back to ID Cards
from Chapter 4
France
• Louis XIII ascended to throne after his father’s
assassination
– Ruled from 1610-1643
• Cardinal Richelieu served as Louis XIII’s royal
advisor.
– Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 4
England
• War of the Roses
– Civil war between the Yorks and Lancasters
• Henry Tudor established the Tudor Dynasty in
England
– Henry Tudor known as Henry VII
– Defeated Richard III in 1485
• Be careful not to confuse the Henrys of
England with the Henrys of France.
– Refer to the government charts posted online
England
• Henry VIII
– Reigned from 1509-1547
• Founder of the Anglican
Church
– Also known as the
Church of England
• Refer to ID Card and
text for additional
detail.
England
• Edward VI
– Reigned from 1547-1553
• Mary Tudor
– Reigned from 1553-1558
England
• Elizabeth I
– Reigned from 1558-1603
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Elizabethan Renaissance
• Queen Elizabeth was known for patronage of
the arts
• William Shakespeare (playwright)
– Famous works: Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar,
Macbeth, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream,
The Taming of the Shrew, King Lear, Othello,
England
• 1603: Elizabeth I died without an heir
• James VI of Scotland (her cousin) inherited the
throne
– He became known as James I of England
– The Stuarts took the place of the Tudors as the
ruling family of England