Chapter 6
Skin and the Integumentary System
Hole’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
6-1
Chapter 6
Skin and the Integumentary System
Composed of Several Tissues
Maintains Homeostasis
Protective Covering
Retards Water Loss
Regulates Body Temperature
Houses Sensory Receptors
Contains Immune System Cells
Synthesizes Chemicals
Excretes Small Amounts Of Waste
6-2
Layers of the Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer
6-3
Epidermis
Keratinized Stratified
Squamous Epithelium
Lacks Blood Vessels
Thickest on Palms And
Soles
Melanocytes Provide
Melanin
Rests on Basement
Membrane
6-4
Epidermis
Layers Of Epidermis
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
6-5
Dermis
Average 1-2mm Thick
Dermal Papillae
Binds Epidermis to
Underlying Tissues
Irregular Dense
Connective Tissue
Muscle Cells
Nerve Cell Processes
Blood Vessels
Hair Follicles
Glands
6-6
Subcutaneous Layer
Hypodermis
Loose Connective
Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Insulates
Major Blood Vessels
6-7
Hair Follicles
Epidermal Cells
Tube-like Depression
Extends into Dermis
Hair Root
Hair Shaft
Hair Papilla
Dead Epidermal Cells
Melanin
Arrector Pili Muscle
6-8
Nails
Protective
Coverings
Nail Plate
Nail Bed
Lunula
6-9
Sebaceous Glands
Usually
Associated with
Hair Follicles
Holocrine
Glands
Secrete Sebum
Absent on Palms
and Soles
6-10
Sweat Glands
Sudoriferous Glands
Widespread In Skin
Deeper Dermis
Or Hypodermis
Eccrine Glands
Apocrine Glands
Ceruminous Glands
Mammary Glands
6-11
Regulation Of Body Temperature
6-12
Problems In Temperature Regulation
Hyperthermia Abnormally High Body Temperature
Hypothermia Abnormally Low Body Temperature
6-13
Skin Color
Genetic Factors
Varying Amounts Of Melanin
Varying Size Of Melanin Granules
Albinos Lack Melanin
Environmental Factors
Sunlight X Rays
UV Light From Sunlamps
Physiological Factors
Dilation of Dermal Blood Vessels
Constriction of Dermal Blood Vessels
Carotene
Jaundice
6-14
Healing Of Cuts
6-15
Healing Of Burns
First Degree Burn Superficial
Partial-thickness
Second Degree Burn
Deep Partial-thickness
Third Degree Burn – Fullthickness
Autograft
Homograft
Various Skin Substitutes
Extensive Scars
6-16
Rule Of Nines
6-17
Life Span Changes
Scaly Skin
Age Spots
Dermis Becomes Reduced
Loss of Fat
Wrinkles
Sagging
Sebaceous Glands Secrete Less Oil
Melanin Production Slows
Hair Thins
Number of Hair Follicles Decrease
Impaired Nail Growth
Sensory Receptors Decline
Inability to Control Body Temperature
Less Vitamin D Production
6-18
Clinical Application
Acne Vulgaris
Most Common Skin Disorder
Sebum And Epithelial Cells Clog Glands
Produces Whiteheads And Blackheads
(Comedones)
Anaerobic Bacteria Trigger Inflammation
(Pimple)
Largely Hormonally Induced
Androgens Stimulate Sebum Production
Treatments Include Antibiotics, Topical Creams,
Birth Control Pills
6-19