Session 13
NM Tools
MJ13/0704
Adapted from Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2000 and solely used for Network
Management course at Universitas Bina Nusantara
1
NOC Tool Categories (RFC 1470)
Network
Management
Tools
Functional
Examples :
Alarm
Manager
Security
Traffic
Network
Resources /
Components
Examples:
Bridge
Ethernet
IP
NFS
Mechanism
Examples:
NMS
Ping
SNMP
X
Operating
Environment
Examples:
DOS
Windows NT
Sun
Unix
Acquisition
Free
Library
Sourcelib
• Developed by IETF Working Group on NOC Tools
• Update available via
• news:comp.networks.noctools
• ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/noctools
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BERT (Bit Error Rate Test)
BERT
A
Modem
A
Modem
B
Loop
Back
BERT
B
Loop
Back
• Physical layer monitoring tool
• Generates and detects bits
• Bit error rate (BER) is calculated by comparing
the transmitted pattern with received pattern
• Loop back is a feature of the modem
• BER can be measured for a modem or two modems
and the link in between
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Network Software Tools
• Status
monitoring tools
• Traffic monitoring tools
• Route monitoring tools
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Network Management Tools
• SNMP command tools
• MIB Walk
• snmpsniff
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SNMP Command Tools
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
snmptest
snmpget
snmpgetnext
snmpset
snmptrap
snmpwalk
snmpnetstat
• Test tool is an interactive tool to get values of several
managed objects, one at a time.
• Get, Get-next and Set are the SNMP commands that we
learned under SNMP architecture / messages. Execution of
these will return an SNMP Response message.
• SNMPWalk uses snmpgetnext to trace the entire MIB.
• Network status command is used to test the status of
network connections of a host.
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Network Status
• Command: snmpnetstat host community
• Useful for finding status of network connections
% snmpnetstat noc5 public
Active Internet Connections
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
tcp 0 0
*.*
*.*
CLOSED
tcp 0 0 localhost.46626 localhost.3456 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.46626 localhost.3712 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.46626 localhost.3968 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.46626 localhost.4224 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.3456 localhost.46626 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.3712 localhost.46626 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.3968 localhost.46626 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.4224 localhost.46626 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 noc5.41472
noc5.4480
ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 noc5.41472
noc5.4736
ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 noc5.4480
noc5.41472
ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 noc5.4736
noc5.41472
ESTABLISHED
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SNMP Browser
• Command: snmpwalk host community [variable name]
• Uses Get Next Command
• Presents MIB Tree
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Protocol Analyzer
Data
Capture
Device
PROTOCOL
ANALYZER
Raw data transferred on
Modem / WAN or LAN Link
LAN
• Analyzes data packets on any transmission line including
LAN
• Measurements made locally or remotely
• Probe (data capture device) captures data and transfers to the
protocol analyzer (no storage)
• Data link between probe and protocol analyzer either dial-up
or dedicated link or LAN
• Protocol analyzer analyzes data at all protocol levels
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MRTG
• Multi Router Traffic Grouper (Oeticker and Rand)
• www.ee.ethz.ch/stats/mrtg/
• Generates graphic presentation of traffic on Web
• Daily view
• Weekly view
• Monthly view
• Yearly view
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Enterprise Management
• Management of data transport
• IBM Netview, Sun Solstice, HP OpenView,
Cabletron Spectrum
• Systems management
• CA Unicenter and Tivoli TME
• Network and systems management
• Partnerships
• Telecommunications management
• TMN, Operations systems
• Service management and policy management
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NMS Components
Hardware
Operating System
Core Application Services
Common SNMP Services
Vendor Specific NMS Services
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NMS Components
Component
Hardware
Service
Processor
Monitor
Mouse and Keyboard
Communications
Operating system OS services
Core application
services
Common SNMP
services
Vendor-specific
NMS services
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Example
Sun Sparc
HP 9000
PC
UNIX
LINUX / FreeBSD
Solaris
MS Windows 95 / 98 / NT
OpenView
SunNet Manager
Solstice Enterprise Manager
MS Windows
Display
GUI
Database
Report generation
Communication services
SNMPv1 messages
OpenView Network
SNMPv2 messages
Node Manager
MIB management
Basic SNMP Applica IBM NetView
tions
SunNet Manager
3rd party NMS API
Solstice Enterprise Manager
MIB management
CiscoWorks
SNMP applications
Transcend
Config. management
Physical entity display
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Multi-NMS Configuration
Vendor 1
NMS
Configuration
Vendor 2
NMS
Configuration
Managed
Network
Elements
Fault
Performance
Manager
of
Managers
Configuration
Vendor 3
NMS
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Network Configuration
• Configure agents
• Configure management systems
• Community administration parameters
• Community name
• MIB view
• Trap targets
• Auto-discovery : Scope
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Network Monitoring
•
•
•
•
By polling
By traps
Failure indicated by pinging or traps
Ping frequency optimized for network load vs. quickness of
detection
• Trap messages: linkdown, linkUp, coldStart, warmStart, etc.
• Network topology discovered by auto-discovery
• Monitoring done at multiple levels - “drilling”
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Commercial NMS
• Enterprise NMS
• Hewlett-Packard OpenView
• Sun SunNet Manager
• IBM Netview
• Low End NMS
• SNMPc
• System & Network Management
• Computer Associates Unicenter TNG
• Tivoli TME / Netview
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Commercial NMS
• Low End NMS
• Enterprise NMS
• Centralized
• Distributed
• System and Network Management
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HP OpenView Network Node Manager
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Auto-discovery and mapping
Drill-down views
Fault monitoring
Event monitoring
MIB Browser
SNMP tools
Traffic monitoring
3rd party integration
• OpenView is Hewlett-Packard’s platform for Network Management
• Many NMSs use OpenView Platform: CiscoWorks, etc
• Drill-down Map Hierarchy
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HP OpenView Platform
GUI
API
Management
Applications
API
Management
Services
Managed
Objects
• Open, modular, and distributed architecture
• Object oriented design, Open API-based architecture
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OpenView Distributed Platform
Management Applications
• Postmaster integrates all
management services
multiple protocol stacks:
SNMP, CMIP, TCP/IP
• Routing enables
distributed message
routing
• Event services control
event and alarm
messages
• Management services
interface with
management
applications via APIs
APIs
Routing
Event
Services
Postmaster
CMIP
SNMP
TCP/IP
Communications Infrastructure
Network
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Distributed OpenView NNMs
OpenView NNM
Management Station
OpenView NNM
Collection Station A
OpenView NNM
Collection Station B
OpenView NNM
Collection Station C
Site A
Site B
Site C
Enterprise Network
• An enterprise network managed by multiple NMSs
• Collection stations could be regular NNMs or entry-NNMs (100
nodes)
• Filtered information sent to MoM (top level NNM) reduces traffic
• MoM integrates and presents enterprise data
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