•
•
•
•
Photosynthesis
Converts ___________energy into the chemical energy of a
____________________in this way:
Solar energy + carbon dioxide + water →
_________________________
Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, and
certain bacteria.
These organisms are called ___________________; they
synthesize organic molecules from raw materials.
Photosynthetic Organisms
Nearly all life is dependent on solar energy because:
1)
Photosynthetic organisms use _______________to
produce organic nutrients.
2) Almost all organisms depend either directly or indirectly
on these organic nutrients to sustain themselves.
3)
Photosynthetic organisms provide food for other
organisms, known as _________________.
4) The _____________________became the coal or other
fossil fuels used today.
•
•
•
•
Structure and Function of Chloroplasts
____________________are the organelles that carry on
photosynthesis.
___________________in the middle of a leaf house chloroplasts
Mesophyll cells are protected from drying out by a
__________________________.
Pores called _____________ allow CO2 and O2 to enter the leaf.
Visible Light
• Radiant energy from the sun (solar energy) can be described in
terms of its ____________________________________.
• The colors in visible light range from _________ (the shortest
wavelength and highest energy) to blue, green, yellow, orange,
and __________ (the longest wavelength and lowest energy).
Visible Light & Plants
• _______________ (chlorophylls and carotenoids) found within
photosynthesizing cells, are capable of _______________various
portions of visible light.
• Both ____________________________absorb violet, blue, and red light
best.
• Leaves appear green because _________________________and only
minimally absorbed.
Photosynthetic Reactions
•It is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction for short.
•Oxidation is the loss of electrons; hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose.
•Reduction is the gain of electrons; oxygen atoms gain electrons.
•Remember OIL RIG (oxidation is loss, reduction is gain)
Overview of Photosynthesis
• A simplified overall equation for photosynthesis is:
• __________________________________________________
• During photosynthesis, water molecules are
__________________; they lose electrons (e-) along with
hydrogen ions (H+).
• Also, ______________and gains electrons given up by H2O.
• Electrons from H2O are energized _________________.
Two Sets of Reactions
• Photosynthesis is divided into two sets of reactions, as
implied by the term “photosynthesis”:
• ___________refers to the light-dependent (needs light)
reactions that capture energy from the sun
• ___________________
• ___________________
• “Synthesis” refers to the ____________________ (does not
need light) reactions that produce carbohydrate.
• ___________________
Light-Dependent Reactions
• During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by
chlorophyll molecules. _______________________is produced.
• Inside the chloroplast, water is split to produce _________________
_________________________, the starting ingredients for photosynthesis
Photosystem II
• The electrons are excited by ___________________(from the sun).
These excited electrons are passed through a series of electron carriers.
Energy from these excited electrons is used to
____________________________through the chloroplast
• An enzyme (___________________) uses the energy from these moving
ions to generate ATP.
Light-Dependent Reactions
Photosystem I
• Electrons are excited by incoming light energy (from the sun). These
excited electrons are passed through a series of different electron
carriers (_____________________________).
• As electrons pass down this chain, they combine with the molecule
_____________________________
Electron Transport System
Light-Independent Reactions
• The light-independent reactions do not need light and
consist of the _____________________.
• During the Calvin Cycle, ____________________is taken
up by the plant (from the atmosphere)
• During the Calvin cycle, ____________________(made
from the light dependant reactions) add phosphates and
electrons to CO2, and convert it to glyceraldehyde 3phosphate, or G3P
• G3P is a type of sugar which a plant can easily convert to
________________. This glucose can then be used as a
source of stored energy for the plant
The Calvin Cycle
Overview of Photosynthesis