Name: _____________________________ Per: ___
American Cultures 6.0, Mr. Gutsche
Chapter 28, Section 1 Notes: Foundations of the African American Civil Rights Movement
How did African Americans gain rights after the Civil War?

Emancipation Proclamation –

13th Amendment –

14th Amendment –

15th Amendment –

Reconstruction period enforced these amendments

Opposition from the Ku Klux Klan

Reconstruction ended 1877
Southern white voters were concerned about the possible impact of the African American vote.
In order to deny the vote to blacks and lower class whites who might vote with them, they
employed several tactics during the 1890s.
How was African American voting restricted?

Poll tax –

Property qualifications –

Literacy test –

Grandfather clause –
What were Jim Crow Laws?
How did the Supreme Court respond to Jim Crow?
Name: _____________________________ Per: ___
American Cultures 6.0, Mr. Gutsche
Chapter 28, Section 1 Notes: Foundations of the African American Civil Rights Movement
Segregation: South and the North

De jure (South) –

De facto (North) –
How did WWII foster civil rights?

Migration of 1 million African Americans to northern and western cities

Double V Campaign –

Executive Order 8802 –

Creation of CORE and integration of northern diners

Increased membership in NAACP
What gains were made after WWII?

Executive Order 9981 –

President’s Committee on Civil Rights (1946):

 Led to increased political and economic influence of African Americans in the
North