Injury Evaluation Terminology
WOUNDS
Abrasion
 Top layer of skin is
removed
 “road rash”
 “turf burn”
 Long healing time


Re-injury
How skin heals
Abrasion
Incision
 Skin is cut with
something sharp
 Usually a deep wound
 “clean edges”
 Usually needs to be
closed



Sutures
Staples
Steri-strips
Incision
Laceration
 Skin is “torn”
 Characterized by jagged
edges
 Usually deep
 More difficult to repair
than an incision
Laceration
Avulsion
 Tissue is completely or
partially “torn” away
 Tissue is usually
“hanging off”
Puncture
 Something has gone
partially or completely
through the skin
 “do not” remove
whatever has punctured
the skin

It may be controlling
bleeding
Puncture
Amputation
 Part of the body has been partially or completely
removed
 Body part can sometime be re-attached

Keep “part”
Cold
 Dry

Amputation
 Aaron Rolston Self-Amputation
OTC – OVER THE
COUNTER
MEDICATION
Acetaminophen
 OTC – pain killer

Tylenol
 Pain reliever

Headaches, fever and
minor aches and pains
 No anti-inflammatory
effect

Not good for controlling
swelling
 Same as CVS brand
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
 OTC - Anti-inflammatory

Advil, Motrin, Rufen and
Nuprin
 NSAID

Non Steroidal AntiInflammatory
 Decrease swelling,
menstrual cramping,
headaches, fevers and
arthritis
Naproxen
 OTC -Anti-inflammatory


Became OTC in US - 1994
Aleve
 NSAID
 Slightly stronger than
Ibuprofen
 Decrease swelling,
menstrual cramping,
headaches, fevers and
arthritis
Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
Post-Traumatic Amnesia
 Patient cannot
 Patient cannot
remember things that
happened before the
injury event
 What are good
questions to assess
whether an athlete has
retrograde amnesia?
remember things that
happened after the
injury event
 What are good
questions to assess
whether an athlete has
post-traumatic
amnesia?
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
 Impairment of motor
 Impairment of motor
and sensory function of
the lower extremities
and sensory functions
of all their limbs and
torso
Palpation
 To touch an anatomical
structure with your
hands
 Palpating the tibial
tuberosity
 How can palpation help
you figure out what the
injury is?
Conjunctivitis
 “pink eye”
 Acute inflammation of
the conjunctivitis

Outermost part of the eye
and the inner eye lids
 Highly contagious
Aerobic Exercise
 “with oxygen”
 Moderate intensity for a
relatively long period of
time
 Distance running,
swimming, biking, etc.
 Haile Gebrselassie
 2:03.59
Anaerobic Exercise
 High intensity, short
duration
 Examples






heavy weight-lifting
all types of sprints
jumping rope
hill climbing
interval training
rapid burst of hard
exercise
Any exercise done for more than 2 minutes is Aerobic
Goniometer
 Instrument used to
measure joint range of
motion

In degrees
 Quantify ROM
 Measure progress of
rehab
Atrophy
 Muscle gets smaller in
size
 Result of



Immobilization
Injury / disease
Lack of use
Hypertrophy
 Muscle gets bigger in size
 Result of rehabilitation /
training
Bruise
Contusion
Ecchymosis
 A “bruise”
 “black and blue”
 caused when blood
 Most common sign of a
vessels are damaged or
broken as the result of
a blow to the skin
contusion
D.O.M.S.
 Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
 Pain and stiffness in muscles
 Several hours or days after strenuous exercise
 Usually subsided as your body get accustomed to the
exercise
Edema
 “swelling”
 Blood (or other fluids
absorbed by soft tissue)
 Abnormal accumulation
of fluid beneath the skin
 Check for pitting
Diplopia
 “double vision”
 Often associated with
concussion
 “halo”effect
Epistaxis
 “bloody nose”
 Atilla the hun
Nerve
 form a network of
pathways for conducting
information throughout
the body.
Hallux Valgus
 The “big toe”
 Bunion
Greenstick Fracture
 is a fracture in a young
individuals
 soft bone in which the
bone bends and partially
breaks.
 bone cracks but doesn't
break all the way through
Hyphema
 Accumulation of blood in
the anterior chamber of
the eye
 Result of blunt force
trauma to the eye
Color Blindness Test
Tinea
 “ringworm”
 Skin infection caused by
a fungus



Warm
Moist
Dark
Ringworm (tinea)
Ischemia
 Restriction of blood flow
 Usually due to something
wrong with the blood
vessel
 Usually results in tissue
damage or death
 Can cause severe damage
because of the potential
for a build-up of
metabolic wastes
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
 Narrowing of the blood
 Widening of the blood
vessels
 Contraction of the
muscular wall of the
vessel

Usually large arteries
 Results in a decrease in
blood flow to a part of
the body
vessels
 Relaxation of the
muscular wall of the
vessels

Usually in large arteries
 Results in increase in
blood flow to a part of
the body (lower blood
pressure)
Tetanus
 “lock jaw”
 Preventable disease
 Caused by skin wound that becomes infected with
Clostridium Tetani

Commonly found in soil
 Tetanus “shot”
 Children
 Adult – every 10 years
Photophobia
 Symptom
 Over-sensitivity or hypersensitivity to light
 Symptom of concussion
 Experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to
light exposure