th
Name:________________________
Complete the review by filling in the blanks by using notes, tests, quizzes, assignments, etc.
You may also use my website as a resource. Correct answers will be reviewed in class if there is time. If not, the answer key will be posted on the website.
THIS IS A GRADE FOR THE FOURTH MARKING PERIOD. Final review will be checked for completion.
Skeletal System
Three Bones located in the arm: ______________________________
Bones located in the leg: femur, patella, fibula, tibia
Bones located in the wrist and hand: ____________________________
Ligaments - Connect bone to bone
Tendons – Connect ______________________ to bone
Bone marrow: is responsible for the formation of blood cells
Muscular System
Functions of the Muscular System: Movement of body joints, support the skeleton, and gives shape to the body
Types of Tissue: ____________________ (organs) ___________________
(heart) and ________________________ (biceps, triceps etc)
Muscle/Movement
Biceps: Flexion
Gastrocnemius: Extension of the calf (raises toes up)
Antagonistic muscles: ________________________ muscle that work together for a muscle movement (biceps and triceps)
Muscle Fibers:
Fast twitch- white fibers, contract quickly for explosive muscular contractions

Slow Twitch- red fibers, contract slowly, ability to contract for long periods of time
Sprains occur in ________________ (ligaments)
Strains occur in ____________________ (tendons)
Nutrition
____________________: mineral that hardens and strengthens bones
Caloric intake changes due to: metabolic changes, growth slows down, amount of time spent of physical activities decreases
_____________________: disease in which a person starves themselves, are obsessed with the amount of food being eaten, exercises excessively
Bulimia: disease in which a person binge eats( eats a lot) and then purges (throws up) to control or lose weight
_______________ Carbohydrates: provide long lasting energy
_______________ Carbohydrates: provide quick energy
Sources of Fiber: cereals, fruits, vegetables
Food High in Cholesterol: Red Meat, whole milk
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL): __________________ cholesterol, want a high level of HDL to prevent heart disease
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL): ___________________ cholesterol, want a low level of LDL to prevent heart disease
Reduce amount of saturated fats in diet by choosing fish, chicken and dry beans as protein sources, read food labels carefully, and trim excess fat from meats
The 6 essential nutrients are: _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Exercise
Physical Fitness: ability to carry out daily tasks comfortably, body parts work efficiently, and having enough energy to meet needs
Benefits of exercising: Improved appearance, improved body image, self control, health, and confidence, more enjoyment of life, increased muscular strength/endurance and level of energy, improved physical performance, increased success in school or work, helps cope with stress, sleep better, increased life expectancy
_________________________: Ability to repeat muscle movement for a long period of time
______________________: Range of movement possible at various joints.
Example: Sit & Reach Test
___________________________: Relates to the ability of the heart, blood, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen and fuel to muscles during exercise. Example: Aerobic exercise (body uses a large amount of oxygen for a sustained period of time)
FIT formula:
____________________ – How often you exercise
___________________ – How hard you exercise
______________ – How long you exercise
Principles of Training
 The principle of ___________________ – a basic principle of fitness training in which the body is stressed and adapts to that stress
 Principle of _______________________ – a principle of training that indicates that overload should be increased gradually
 Principle of _______________________ – a principle of training that states the exercise training is specific to the muscles that are being targeted
Target heart rates let you measure your initial fitness level and monitor your progress in a fitness program

Warm Up: A 10-15 minute period during which you prepare your body for exercise, increases core body temperature, increases blood flow to muscles, prevents injuries
Cool Down: A 10-15 minute period of mild exercise that follows your training session, allows your body to return to resting state (breathing and heart rate), increases flexibility
Resting Heart Rate: Heart rate at rest, you can measure the progress gained in your cardiovascular program by keeping a record of RHR. Normal RHR 50-100.
Lower RHR indicates a person has a good level of cardiovascular fitness
Types of Exercises
____________________: contract or tighten muscles but do not change length. Examples: force against a stationary object – gripping a tennis ball
____________________: Lengthen and shorten the muscle through a full range of motion (ROM) by raising and lowering the resistance.
Examples: weight is moved through a ROM – dumbbell curls and pull ups
_____________________: Working the muscle through a full ROM at a constant speed with a specialized exercise machine. Steady resistance throughout the movement
Experiencing fatigue: shortness of breath, increased heart rate and lactic acid build up, increased body temperature (sweating)
Human Growth/Development
Dominant Traits: traits that occur more frequently
Development of a baby: fertilization, cell division, embryo, fetus, birth
Three Types of Childbirth: _________________, ____________________, and
Natural
Factors that may require a caesarean section include: size of the pelvic bones, size of the baby, position of the baby, and the physical condition of the mother
Sequence of Childbirth: Uterus contractions, water breaks, cervix dilates, appearance of baby

Environmental influences on the fetus include: nutrition of the mother, mother’s smoking/drinking, mother’s addiction to prescription /or illegal drugs
A pregnant female should avoid smoking because smoking reduces the amount of oxygen that the fetus receives and will negatively affect the fetus
Sexual Reproduction:
______________________- is the release of semen
Conception- can occur when semen in ejaculated into the vagina
It is possible for egg cells to be fertilized up to twenty four hours after ovulation
Signs a Woman is Pregnant: _______________________________________
(unexplained nausea), swelling and/or tenderness of the breasts
_____________________________ is the only sure way to not become a teen parent and not contract a sexually transmitted disease
Steroids come in many forms such as oral pills, creams, and injections
Steroids damages male and female reproductive systems, increase acne, could lead to mood swings (roid rage), and increased body hair
Steroids are the synthetic form of ____________________________
STD’s/STI’s
Sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted by sexual contact
HPV is linked to ___________________ cancer
Syphilis: chancre may appear, caused by a microorganisim, and if left untreated death may result
Long term consequences of contracting a STD: pelvic inflammatory disease,
______________________, death
The virus that causes AIDS (HIV) attacks the body’s immune system
HIV can be transmitted by: using shared hypodermic needles with an infected person, transfusions of AIDS (tainted blood), AIDS infected blood coming in contact with a break in the skin

Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and NGU (nongonococcal urethritis) can all be cured with
______________________________
Consequences of being sexually active:
Contracting a sexually transmitted disease
Unwanted/unintended ___________________________
Possible damage of reputation that can affect future relationships