TEXAS CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Ninth Edition
Authors
Gerald S.Reamey
Professor of Law
St. Mary's University School of Law
Charles P,Bubany
Professor of Law
Texas Tech University School of Law
Professional Series
Academia Press
11416 Newkirk St.
Dallas, Texas 75229
(972) 241-2982
ISBN 978-1-60702-425-5
0 Copyright 2008
Gerald S . Reamey
and
Charles P.Bubany
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
.ARREST
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................
1
Amores v. State ...................................................................................
2
ARREST WITH WARRANT .............................................................................................. 6
Arrest Warrant Affidavit Requirements ............................................................... 6
6
Miller v. State ..........................................................................................
Arrest After Charges Are Filed......................................................................... 10
10
Crane v. State .......................................................................................
EXECUTION..................................................................................................................... 13
Visor v. State.........................................................................................
13
Jones v. State .......................................................................................
15
Williams v. State ...................................................................................
18
ARREST WI'THOUT WARRANT .................................................................................... 21
"On View" Arrests ..............................................................................................
22
Romo v. State ......................................................................................
21
Willis v. State ........................................................................................
24
"Suspicious Places" Arrests ...............................................................................
26
Johnson v. State ................................................................................... 26
Domestic Violence and Assault Cases ............................................................ 32
Offender About to Escape ................................................................................
32
32
Honeycutt v. State.................................................................................
Fry v. State........................................................................................
34
37
Opinion on State's Motion for Hearing.................................................................
Beasley v. State .................................................................................... 38
Arrest in Theft Cases ........................................................................................ 40
40
Rhodes v. State ....................................................................................
Traffic Arrests ......................................................................................................
42
Williams v. State ...................................................................................
42
Kothe v. State ......................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER TWO
. SEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................
51
SEARCH WITH WARRANT ........................................................................................... 52
Sufficiency of Affidavit and Warrant................................................................56
56
Cassias v. State ....................................................................................
"Four Corners" Doctrine...................................................................................
61
Dancy v. State.......................................................................................
61
Typographical Errors and Administrative Mistakes.......................................... 66
Green v. State ....................................................................................... 66
69
Execution, Return and Inventory ......................................................................
Lippert v. State ...................................................................................... 69
Manry v. State .................................................................................. 75
Seizure of Evidence Not Described In Warrant and "Mere Evidence" ........ 78
Evidentiary Warrants .......................................................................................... 78
Acosta v. State ...................................................................................... 78
81
Wood v. State .......................................................................................
SEARCH WITHOUT WARRANT ...................................................................................85
Search Incident to Arrest .................................................................................. 85
Linnett v. State ............................................................................... 85
Vehicle Inventory .......................................................................................... 88
Benavides v. State................................................................................ 88
Stephen v. State .................................................................................. 91
Autran v. State ..................................................................................... 95
Plain View "Searches" ...................................................................................... 97
Joseph v. State ..................................................................................... 98
Community Caretaking Function ....................................................................
102
Wright v. State .................................................................................... 102
Checkpoints and Administrative Searches ..................................................... 107
Webb v. State ....................................................................................... 107
Holt v. State ......................................................................................... 113
Residential Searches...................................................................................... 115
Parker v. State ..................................................................................... 115
PRIVATE PARTY SEARCHES .................................................................................... 119
Miles v. State ..................................................................................... 119
CHAPTER THREE
.STATEMENTS
BY THE ACCUSED
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW.................................................................................... 125
VOLUNTARINESS.......................................................................................................126
Hardesty v. State.............................................................................. 126
Dunn v. State .....................................................................................131
WRITTEN CONFESSIONS ........................................................................................ 136
Clark v. State...................................................................................... 139
Garcia v. State ..................................................................................... 145
King v. State.......................................................................................148
NOTE ON TAPED CONFESSIONS........................
.
.
.............................................150
ORAL STATEMENTS .................................................................................................... 151
Assertions of Fact........................................................................................... 152
Gunter v. State.................................................................................... 152
......
.........................................................
156
Custodial Interrogation ..................
156
Shiflet v. State ....................................................................................
Res Gestae...................................................................................................... 163
Galloway v. State ...............................................................................163
CHAPTER FOUR
.THE
SUPPRESSION OF EVIDENCE
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................
165
PRETRIAL OBJECTIONS TO EVIDENCE..................................................................165
Writt v. State....................................................................................... 165
Gonzales v. State................................................................................ 168
PRESERVING OBJECTIONS THROUGH TRIAL ......................................................
Handy v. State ..................................................................................
Sherlock v. State .................................................................................
Stone v. State ....................................................................................
170
140
173
177
FRUIT OF THE POISONOUS TREE.......................................................................... 181
181
Juarez v. State ....................................................................................
Salcido v. State ...................................................................................185
State v. Hobbs ...................................................................................... 189
THE "GOOD FAITH" EXCEPTION.................................................................................191
Curry v. Stafe ........................................................................................192
Dunn v. State ........................................................................................194
CHAPTER FIVE
. NATURE OF THE CHARGING PROCESS
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW.....................................................................................1 9 7
THE PRELIMINARY INITIAL APPEARANCE (MAGISTRATION) ..................................
197
Green v. State.....................................................................................
197
THE FELONY CHARGING PROCESS .......................................................................... 202
How the Grand Jury Functions ..........................................................................203
Stern v. State .................................................................................... 203
Taylor v. State .....................................................................................206
Carpenter v. State .................................................................................208
Paxton v. State....................................................................................210
Andino v. State....................................................................................212
.
.
.
.
....................................................
Selecting the Grand Jury ................
216
.
Ex parte Becker ..................................................................................
217
Cerda v. State .....................................................................................
219
The Examining Trial ....................................................................................... 222
Holmes v. Salinas ............................................................................... 222
Russell v. State ................................................................................... 225
THE MISDEMEANOR CHARGING PROCESS ..........................................................228
Wells v. State .................................................................................... 229
Morey v. State.....................................................................................230
Ex parte Greenwood...........................................................................231
FAILURE TO CHARGE DEFENDANT IN CUSTODY .................................................... 232
233
VENUE ...........................................................................................................................
Whitley v. State ..................................................................................233
Glenn v. State ..................................................................................... 235
Lundstrom v. State .............................................................................. 237
Johnson v. State ...................................................................................
241
JURISDICTION ..............................................................................................................
243
CHAPTER SIX
. CHARGING
INSTRUMENTS
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................
245
ASSEMBLING THE CHARGING INSTRUMENT........................................................
246
Cowan v. State.................................................................................. 247
FACIAL DEFECTS.....................................................................................................
251
Failure to Charge an Offense ...................................................................
251
Studer v. State ...................................................................................
252
Fisher v. State.......................................................................................
256
Cook v. State .................................................................................. 261
Duron v. State ......................................................................................
264
Posey v. State .................................................................................. 267
Aguilar v. State..................................................................................269
Notice And Other "Nonfundamental" Defects ....................................................272
Wood v. State ....................................................................................272
Franks v. State .................................................................................. 274
Ferguson v. State................................................................................275
Amending The Charging Instrument..................................................................
278
Ward v. State .................................................................................... 280
Flowers v. State .................................................................................
283
APPLIED DEFECTS......................................................................................................
287
Smith v. State......................................................................................
288
CHAPTER SEVEN
.BAIL
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ........................................................................................
295
Bondsmen v. Carey ...........................................................................
296
CHALLENGING THE AMOUNT OF THE BAIL......................................................... 298
Ex parte Harris............................
.
.
...............................................298
Ex parte Welch .................................................................................301
Ex parte Vance ..................................................................................
303
Ex parte Miller.................................................................................. 304
Ex parte Dueitt................................................................................... 305
RELEASE DUE TO DELAY .........................................................................................
306
Kernahan v. State ...........................................................................
306
DENIAL OF BAIL ......................................................................................................... 308
Ex parte Hammond.............................................................................
308
Ex parte Woodward ............................................................................
310
Taylor v. State .....................................................................................
312
CHAPTER EIGHT
. DISCOVERY
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW .........................................................................................
315
CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS........................................................................................... 315
O'Rarden v. State ...............................................................................
315
STATUTORY PRETRIAL DISCOVERY OPTIONS......................................................320
King v. State...................................................................................... 320
Detmering v. State ..............................................................................
324
DISCOVERING WITNESSES .......................................................................................
326
Hightower v. State...........................................................................
327
DEPOSITIONS ..............................................................................................................
329
James v. State .................................................................................... 329
iv
TRIAL "DISCOVERY" ..................................................................................................331
The "Gaskin" Rule ..........................................................................................331
Cullen v. State.....................................................................................331
"Use Before 'The Jury" Rule............................................................................... 334
Franklin v. State ...............................................................................334
"Refreshing the Recollection" Rule.................................................................... 336
Ballew v. State ..............................................................................336
CHAPTER NINE
.JURY
SELECTION
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ........................................................................................3 3 9
COMPOSITION OF THE VENIRE .............................................................................340
Batchelor v. State................................................................................340
Chappell v. State................................................................................343
VOlR DIRE ....................................................................................................................
345
Smith v. State....................................................................................345
Wingo v. State.......................................................................................350
Morrow v. State ...................................................................................
353
CHALLENGES FOR CAUSE ................................................................................. 356
Cumbo v. State................................................................................ 356
Mize v. State .....................................................................................
361
JURY SELECTION IN CAPITAL CASES....................................................................
365
Perillo v. State.....................................................................................
365
PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES ..................................................................................
370
Keeton v. State..................................................................................370
State v. Oliver ................................................................................. 380
CHAPTER TEN
.THE GUILTY PLEA PROCESS
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ........................................................................................
383
THE NATURE OF PLEA BARGAINING ..................................................................... 383
Perkins v. Court of Appeals............................................................ 383
NEED FOR VOLUNTARINESS....................................................................................
387
Richards v. State................................................................................387
MECHANICS OF THE PLEA.......................................................................................
391
ADMONISHMENTS..................................................................................................
3 9 2
Cain v. State ..................................................................................392
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL..........................................................................................
395
Shaffer v. State ..................................................................................396
INTRODUCING SUBSTANTIATING EVIDENCE ...................................................... 398
Messer v. State ...................................................................................
398
Franklin v. State ............................................................................... 400
ENTRY OF GUILTY PLEAS IN MISDEMEANOR CASES .......................................401
McGuire v. State ................................................................................
402
APPEAL FROM A PLEA OF GUILTY .......................................................................
404
Cooper v. State ............................................................................... 406
Young v. State......................................................................................408
A DEAL YOU CAN'T REFUSE ...................................................................................
413
CHAPTER ELEVEN
.THE
COURT'S CHARGE TO THE JURY
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................
415
COMPONENT PARTS OF THE CHARGE .................................................................
415
416
ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE .................................................................................
416
Johnson v. State .................................................................................
Sidney v. State...................................................................................
417
Reed v. State ......................................................................................
419
DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE CHARGE..................................................423
Hogan v. State ...............................................................................424
THE ABSTRACTIONIAPPLICATION REQUIREMENT................................................426
426
Williams v. State .................................................................................
Boyett v. State.................................................................................
429
431
Andrews v. State .................................................................................
Russell v. State ................................................................................433
DEFENSES RAISED BY THE EVIDENCE................................................................
435
436
Stone v. State .................................................................................
436
Arnold v. State ..................................................................................
Woodfox v. State.................................................................................438
CHARGE ON LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSES......................................................440
Hunter v. State ................................................................................
441
PRESERVING ERROR .................................................................................................
444
444
Lewis v. State......................................................................................
Turner v. State ....................................................................................
446
Arline v. State....................................................................................
447
450
RULES OF DELIBERATION ........................................................................................
CHAPTER TWELVE
. DOUBLE JEOPARDY
INTRODUCTION TO DOUBLE JEOPARDY ............................................................
453
WHEN JEOPARDY ATTACHES ..............................................................................453
State v. Torres .....................................................................................
453
Ex parte Preston...............................................................................455
SAME OFFENSE ..........................................................................................................
456
Ervin v. State.......................................................................................456
Vick v. State ....................................................................................458
JOINDER OF OFFENSES ........................................................................................... 462
Fisher v. State ..................................................................................... 463
DOCTRINE OF PRIOR ACQUITTAL.............................................................................. 465
Monroe v. State..................................................................................... 465
COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL.............................................................................................468
State v. Saucedo................................................................................... 468
PROPER METHOD OF APPEAL ................................................................................... 470
Ex parte Apolinar ..................................................................................470
IMPACT OF REVERSAL ........................................................................................ 4 7 2
Stephen v. State ................................................................................. 472
Ex parte Granger .................................................................................. 475
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
.SENTENCING
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 481
PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION REPORT (PSI) .................................................... 481
Wilson v. State ...................................................................................... 481
RELEVANT EVIDENCE.................................................................................................. 484
Mendiola v. State .................................................................................. 484
VICTIM IMPACT EVIDENCE.......................................................................................... 487
Salazar v. State..................................................................................... 487
CHARACTER EVIDENCE .............................................................................................. 490
Hedicke v. State ....................................................................................490
PRIOR OFFENSES........................................................................................................ 493
Haney v. State ...................................................................................... 493
Bluitt v. State.........................................................................................495
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ................................................................................................
497
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
.APPEAL
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 499
PRESERVING ERROR FOR APPEAL ........................................................................ 499
500
ATTORNEY'S OBLIGATION TO APPEAL...................................................................
McCoy v. Court of Appeal of Wisconsin.......................................... 500
502
Ex parte Axel ...................................................................................
MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL ...................................................................................
505
State ex re1. Cobb v. Honorable Godfrey........................................ 506
STATE'S RIGHT TO APPEAL......................................................................................508
BAIL ON APPEAL.........................................................................................................
vii
509
NOTICE OF APPEAL ................................................................................................... 509
509
George v. State...................................................................................
511
RECORD ON APPEAL .................................................................................................
PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW............................................................ 511
Degrate v. State ..................................................................................
512
513
HARMLESS ERROR....................................................................................................
Brown v. State.................................................................................
514
517
Bhakta v. State...................................................................................
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
.COMMUNITY SUPERVISION
(PROBATION)
DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................
523
ELIGIBII-ITY FOR PROBATION....................................................................................
523
523
Graves v. State ...................................................................................
MOTION TO REVOKE PROBATION ......................................................................... 527
527
Cobb v. State .................................................................................
Labelle v. State ...................................................................................
529
SOME CONSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS........................................................ 533
RIGHT TO COUNSEL .............................................................................................
536
Ruedas v. State ..................................................................................
536
DOUBLE JEOPARDY...............................................................................................538
Ex parte Tarver ...................................................................................
539
541
Rodriguez v. State ................................................................................
GROUNDS FOR REVOCATION ..................................................................................
543
Cardona v. State .................................................................................
543
Bowen v. State....................................................................................
544
546
Greer v. State......................................................................................
APPLICABILITY OF THE RULES OF EVIDENCE.................................................... 548
548
Ready v. State....................................................................................
Jones v. State ...................................................................................
549