Effects of non-tariff
barriers on Brazilian
fisheries exports to
Europe
Manoel Pedroza PhD
Embrapa Fisheries and Aquaculture
(Brazilian Agricultural Research
Corporation / Ministry of Agriculture)
Context
 Development of aquaculture in Brazil
 Potential for exports
 Impacts of non-tariff barriers (NTBs)
Potential of Brazilian seafood industry
On offer...
 8,500 Km of marine coast;
 12% of total world fresh water;
 5.5 million ha of flooded areas, mainly hydroelectric
plant reservoirs  Up to 1% (55,000 ha) available
for aquaculture
And on demand...
 Increasing fish per capita consumption
6.8 kg in 2002 to 9.7 kg in 2010
 Large population  200 millions inhabitants;
Brazilian fisheries and aquaculture production
1990-2011
1,600,000
1.434.000
Production (tonnes)
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
Annual production increased
by 31% from 2008 to 2011
200,000
0
Aquicultura
Aquaculture
Pesca
Extrativa
Capture
fisheries
Source: Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012.
Total
Total
19 aquaculture parks implanted
and in implantation on
hydroelectric plant reservoirs
Per capita consumption of meat in Brazil
 Brazil is among world 5 big meat consumers (Source: USDA)
 Fish: greater increase in consumption from 2006 to 2010
Fish
Pescado
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
43.30
35.80
Beef Cattle
Bovinos
41.70
37.40
Pork
Suínos
Poultry
Aves
39.00
38.60
36.60
35.60
13.00
12.80
13.10
13.40
7.28
7.71
8.36
9.03
2006
2007
2008
Source: : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture and Ministry of Agriculture.
2009
43.90
37.20
23%
- 14%
8%
14.00
9.75
2010
34%
US$
US$
International trade of seafood in Brazil
Deficit:
US$ 991 million
Source: Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Commerce
Emergence of BNTs in the
international seafood market
 Delocalization of world aquaculture production
from developed to developing countries
 Increase of exports from developing countries
 Increase of BNTs related to reduction of tariffs as
protection measures
World aquaculture production (thousand tonnes) and
share of world production (%)
2000
EU (28)
North America
Japan
China
Africa
Latin America
Total World
2012
1.400
1.260
4,3
1,9
584
593
1,8
0,9
763
633
2,3
1,0
21.522
41.108
66,4
61,7
400
1.485
1,2
2,2
799
2.565
2,5
3,8
32.417
66.633
Source: FAO
Application of BNT on fisheries exports
from developing countries
 Kenya (1998): EU banned chilled fish importations
declaring poor sanitary standards
 Fiji (2008): EU banned all importations of fisheries due
to problems on production and to the lack of
information
 Vietnam (2004): USA applied technical barriers related
to sanitary issues on Pangasius production
Methods
 Inventory-based approach
 Annual series of export values, between 1990
and 2010, were analyzed in order to identify
the NTBs effects.
 Five more important groups of seafood
 Fresh or chilled fish , Frozen fish, Fish Filet,
Crustaceans, Molluscs
 European market  21% of Brazilian seafood
exports
Results
Intervention analysis of the NTBs of UE on Brazilian seafood exports
ARIMA
 NTBs had negative impact just for fresh fish
 Since fresh fish accounts just 14% of Brazilian seafood
exports to Europe, NTBs don´t have relevant effects
on reduction of total exports;
 Even for fresh fish, other factors may have
determined exports reduction
 exchange rate between US$ X BR$
 international competition
 increase on domestic demand of Brazilian market
Conclusion
 Public policies need focuses on internal weakness
of Brazilian aquaculture
 High transaction and production costs
- No efficient logistics
- Difficult to obtain environmental licenses
- Low productivity
 Limitations in terms of scale
- Dispersion on production and need to
consolidate volume by cooperatives
 ... But BNTs can be a problem in the future
Thank you!
Obrigado!
manoel.pedroza@embrapa.br