From: AAAI-86 Proceedings. Copyright ©1986, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.
WHERE
SHOULD
IN INTELLIGENT
THE INTELLIGENCE
INTERFACES
Robert
Thomas
USC / Information
BE PLACED?
Neches
S. Kacemarek
Sciences Institute
4676 Admiralty Way
Marina Del Rey, CA 90292
Phone:
PURPOSE
Obviously,
many
human-machine
language
techniques
solving,
text
understanding
paradigms
in intelligent
seek to provide
intentions
have
based
emphasiee
hands of the user.
with, and the AI techniques
If our
understanding
important
detail.
interaction
more
purpose
paradigms
specific
alternative
intelligent
issues
of
in two directions:
within
interfaces
and
to
What
these
of
l
the
focusing
kinds
of
in greater
of
to bring out
by
systems
The
kinds
are
the
fundamental
to
of
users
l
inputs handled
so that
knowledge, or by building
systems
could
generate
reasoning and behavior as
l
is built
into
knowledge-
been
interface
chosen
design.
of interaction.
represent
Each
There
for which
is a description
to
systems
a wide
has developed
is also great
the panelists
have
of the experience
that
range
diversity
created
and
of
a uniquely
in the
interfaces.
interests
of the
John Seely Brown has a long history
interaction
systems
of involvement
dating
back
with
to his work
support
for
communicative
interaction.
Phil Hayes has been involved
repair
with
he is currently
interfaces
and
in
user-system
the construction
of
cooperative
user interfaces.
His work on COUSIN is a
pioneering
effort in the construction
of user interface
management
systems.
It is a prime example
of the
a particular
users can get by with less
in more self-knowledge
so that
justifications
of their own
done in expert systems.
that
the Operability
Project at Xerox PARC,
concerned
with the intelligibility
of
addressing?
Correcting
errors?
Keeping track of the
interleaved
activities?
how to use a system to accomplish
those
on SOPHIE in the early ’70s. Combining his interests in
the semantics of procedures
and his collaboration
with
on
be
goal?
What are the general approaches
towards
addressing
those problems ? For example, one might approach the
understandability
issue by trying to broaden the range of
style
intelligent
including
that
realize
panelist:
will address include:
problems
have
with
of systems
Following
systems.
panel members
can the intelligence
panelists
experiences
presenting
attention
How
different
it is
discussion
first, by trying
and
them.
help
Are there other kinds of knowledge-based
have distinctive interface needs?
in the
grow,
such distinctions
by
ought
intelligent
interfaces
Understanding
the
system?
Identifying referents of discourse?
state of plans and goals during
Planning
is to
paradigms
second,
a variety
to helping
techniques
users need to build confidence in the system and to learn
from it. Are there other needs or other consequences?
set, but leave
that users need help
AI
concerns that must be addressed when interfacing
to
intelligent systems ? Many expert system designers have
added explanation
capabilities
based on the belief that
tool”
are some very different
particular
based systems be exploited
to provide
a better user
interface?
It would
seem that sharing
intelligence
between the interface and the system would reduce cost
and enhance consistency.
Is this true? Are there special
Consultant
those commands
is to extend
l
different
“power
command
interfaces
to examine
models,
of the user’s
hand,
the problems
intelligent
Thus, the kinds of questions
l
a powerful
of this panel
paradigms,
knowledge-based
other
can
having to learn a command language”,
but rather at the
level of particular solutions in particular systems.
the
knowledge
like the UNIX
that can be applied
that we continue
The
the
better
particular
On the one hand,
and applying
about
The
How
approaches?
This question is not to be answered at the
cliche level of “natural language would save users from
and natural
led to two very
Behind these distinctions
assumptions
systems,
on an understanding
On
for selecting
building
have explored
generation.
have
l
search, discourse
expert
systems
domain.
systems like COUSIN
the responsibility
fundamental
and
apprentice”
task
heuristic
chosen
to
interfaces
interfaces.
assistance
and
applicable
representation,
researchers
“intelligent
are
Intelligent
planning,
knowledge
techniques
based,
OF THE PANEL
interfaces.
use of problem
user models,
AI
(213) 822-1511
l
power tools approach of interface design.
His current
interests include interfaces to knowledge-based
systems
and combining
natural language with other command
modes.
Tom
Malone’s
interests
have
been
aimed
at
organieational
needed
in
Information
computing
and
the
kinds
of
interfaces
such environments.
His work
on the
Lens exemplifies the power tools approach.
He also influenced RABBIT,
which is a blend of the
power tools and intelligent
assistant approaches.
His
current interests involve understanding
the impact on
the interface that results from the distinctions between
expert support
systems
contrasting
naturrll
intelligence.
INVITED
and expert
intelligence
TALKS
systems
with
AND
and also in
artificial
PANELS
/
115 1
l
Dick
Waters
has
contributed
programming
environment
Programmer’s
Apprentice
significantly
through
his
and KBEmacs.
defined in this work combines
work
the
The interface
combines both
and separating
those aspects of the environment
to provide
for from those to provide tools for.
l
the
on
aspects of power tools and
intelligent assistance.
Since the interface
aspects, there is an interest in discovering
l
to
assistance
Bob
Wilensky
has worked
extensively
on natural
His work on the UNM Consultant
language interfaces.
The
is a prime example of an intelligent
assistant.
emphasis in this work has been on the naive user.
Mike Williams
has contributed
in the development
of
intelligent interfaces to data bases that do not involve
The descriptive
retrieval paradigm
natural language.
found in the RABBIT system employs an interface that
that
the
user
assistant
intelligent
presents
an
communicates
with through a set of power tools.
It
provides
the feeling
of direct manipulation,
power tools, but uses an understanding
to provide the power.
1152
/
INVITED
TALKS
AND
PANELS
as found
in
of the data base