This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Climate of Northwestern Kansas
NORTHWEST RESEARCH-EXTENSION CENTER
Report of Progress 594
Agricultural Experiment Station Kansas State University, Manhattan
Walter R. Woods, Director
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
CONTENTS
Physical Causes of Climate .........................
Global Circulation Patterns .....................
Topography.......................................
Solar Energy.....................................
1
1
2
2
History of Weather Observations at Colby ...........
3
Automated Weather Stations .........................
5
Data Availability ..................................
5
Climatological Records at Colby .................... 7
Air Temperature ................................ 7
Precipitation .................................. 8
Evaporation .................................... 10
K.A.E.S. Contribution No. 90-400-S
ABSTRACT
The climate of a region is an important natural resource. It determines the type of
vegetation that predominates and the adjustments necessary for comfortable life
styles. Through centuries of influence, it has played a major role in determining the
types of soil that develop. Understanding climate and its variability is extremely
important in predicting what it may be like in the future. Such an understanding is
essential for evaluating activities that impact our environment. This report reviews
the physical causes of climate and the history and types of weather data collected
at Colby, Kansas. A series of tables and figures summarize nearly 100 years of
weather observations.
Northwest Research-Extension Center, Richard S. White, Head
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Walter R. Woods, Director
Kansas State University
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
Page
1
Official observers of Colby weather stations .....................
2
Average monthly, seasonal, and yearly maximum air temperatures ... 12
3
Number of days during which the maximum temperature equaled or
exceeded the threshold value ..................................... 14
4
Average monthly, seasonal, and yearly minimum air temperatures ... 16
5
Number of days during which the minimum temperature was less
than or equal to the threshold value ............................. 18
6
Average monthly, seasonal, and yearly mean air temperatures ...... 20
7
Record air temperatures, year of occurrence, and number of times
each were recorded................................................ 22
8
100-degree days .................................................. 30
9
"Freeze" dates and "freeze-free" season lengths .................. 31
10
Probabilities of freeze dates and freeze-free periods ............ 33
11
Growing-degree units by month and season ......................... 34
12
Average growing degree units by day and month .................... 36
13
Average heating- and cooling-degree units ........................ 37
14
Monthly, seasonal, and yearly precipitation amounts .............. 38
15
Number of days in the year with measurable precipitation
equaling or exceeding threshold amounts .......................... 40
16
Probabilities that monthly precipitation will be equal
to or less than the indicated amount ............................. 41
17
Monthly, winter, and yearly snowfall ............................. 42
18
Monthly and seasonal pan evaporation ............................. 44
19
Evapotranspiration ............................................... 46
i
4
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Title
Page
1
Average daily air temperatures, 1900-1989 ....................... 47
2
Average annual maximum, minimum, and mean air temperatures ...... 48
3
"Freeze-free" growing seasons, 1900-1989 ........................ 49
4
Annual precipitation, amounts, 1893-1989 ........................ 50
5
April-through-September precipitation amounts, 1893-1989 ........ 51
6
Average monthly precipitation ................................... 52
7
Number of days during the year when precipitation equaled or
exceeded certain threshold amounts, 1900-1989 ................... 53
8
Annual snowfall amounts 1900-1989 ............................... 54
ii
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
CLIMATE OF NORTHWESTERN KANSAS
L. Dean Bark and Herbert D. Sunderman
KSU Climatologist Emeritus and NWREC Research Soil Scientist
This report is intended to define the climatic resources of northwestern Kansas as given by the
records at Colby. It contains a number of listings of climatic data illustrating how conditions have
varied since the late 1800s and, presumably, how they will vary in the next 100 years. These data
should be useful in designing strategies for future operations and will provide material for comparing
current conditions with those that have occurred in the past.
The city of Colby is located at 39° 23'N latitude and 101° 04'W longitude--about 130 miles from
the geographical center of the United States and only 250 miles east of the Rocky Mountains. Then
climate of northwest Kansas can be described as continental with large daily and annual ranges of
temperature and a summer precipitation pattern. Since the records began in 1893, annual temperature
has averaged 52°F and annual precipitation 18.65 inches.
These brief statements, although accurate, tell only part of the story. Seldom are there years with
"average" weather. The variability from year to year is an important aspect of regional climate.
Physical Causes of Climate
An area's climate reflects the various day-to-day weather patterns experienced in the region. The
magnitude of expected deviations from the average is often as important as the average value. For
vegetation to be continuously adapted to an area, it must be capable of surviving the extremes rather
than just the average condition.
Except for microclimate (climate in the first 3 feet above the ground), local conditions do not
affect the climate of a region very much. The weather of a region and, thus, the climate are largely
determined by its position on our spinning planet.
Global Circulation Patterns
Jet Stream. Air circulation within our atmosphere develops weather systems that constantly
change and move over the surface of the earth. Because of the rate at which the earth spins on its axis
and the fact that the surface of the earth near the equator receives more solar energy than the surface
near the poles, the circulation is most intense in a meandering east-to-west stream in mid-latitudes in
the northern hemisphere. This phenomenon is called the jet stream, and it initiates and steers large
cyclones and anticyclones along its path. How frequently the jet stream passes over a specific location
has a lot to do in determining the climate at that location. During the winter, northwestern Kansas is
frequently under the track of the jet stream, whereas during the summer, the track shifts north along
the Canadian border.
The jet stream pattern in mid-latitudes steers weather systems generally from west to east. Air
arriving at a location has been influenced by the surface over which it has been passing prior to that
time. For example, air reaching the west coast has spent days passing over the Pacific Ocean and
arrives carrying a large amount of moisture. On the other hand, locations on the east coast do not
normally experience this marine influence.
1
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Pressure Systems. Another feature influencing Kansas weather is a region of semi-permanent
high pressure located to the south of the path of the jet stream. The continental land masses tend to
break this region into two systems, one located over the Atlantic Ocean and the other over the Pacific.
Just as the jet stream does, these features of the circulation pattern also shift further northward in
summer, when there is less contrast in temperature between the poles and the equator. The clockwise
circulation around high pressure systems creates southerly winds in the western region of the system.
These southerly winds pass across the Gulf of Mexico and bring considerable amounts of moisture to
the continental interior east of the Rockies during the summer. These warm, moist air masses are
often unstable and capable of producing severe thunderstorms. Because of this, a very large portion of
the annual precipitation in this region occurs during the summer season. Southeast Kansas, the part of
the state nearest the Gulf source of moisture, receives the most rainfall. Western Kansas, deep in the
rain shadow of the Rockies and furthest removed from the Gulf, receives an average of about 20
inches less precipitation than does the Southeast.
Topography
West-coast and Rocky Mountain chains are extreme examples of how topography influences
climate. They lie across the path of the jet stream and have a considerable influence on the atmosphere
passing over them. In general, air cools as it rises, and less moisture is required for it to become
saturated. Because the air arriving from the Pacific is moist and is pushed upward by the mountains, it
soon cools to the point that saturation occurs and clouds are formed. As it rises still higher, moisture
as rain or snow may be lost from the moving air stream. As the air passes over the mountain crest, it
descends and warms and clouds disappear. The western slopes of mountain chains are relatively moist
regions compared to their eastern slopes. Western Kansas lies in the rain shadow of the Rocky
Mountains, and almost all of the Pacific moisture has been lost from the air stream by the time it
reaches Kansas.
Solar Energy
Temperatures in a region depend on the amount of solar energy received and how it is distributed
over the globe. These factors, in turn, are influenced by several variables. First, the earth's axis is not
vertical to the plane of revolution about the sun. The axis tilts toward the sun during the summer and
away from it during the winter. This tilt causes the mid-latitudes to experience marked temperature
differences between the seasons. Surprisingly, temperatures are coldest in Kansas when the earth is
nearest the sun and warmest when it's furthest away.
Second, land masses heat and cool much more rapidly than large lakes or oceans because less
energy is required to change the temperature of soil than of water. For this reason, mid-continent and
mid-latitude regions experience much larger ranges of temperatures than coastal regions or the tropics.
Third, elevation above sea level also influences the temperature of a region, as people who have
vacationed in the mountains know. Northwest Kansas is over 3,000 feet above sea level compared to
some parts of southeast Kansas at less than 1,000 feet elevation. The higher elevation accounts for
greater nighttime cooling and lower minimum temperatures on cloudless nights in northwestern
Kansas than in other parts of the state.
All of these factors combine in a rather complex way to influence the climate of a region—an
influence that extends over very large areas unaffected by state boundaries. So, much of what can be
said about the climate of Colby also applies to western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and western
Nebraska.
2
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
History of Weather Observations at Colby
Thomas Jefferson encouraged citizens of the new country to maintain weather records as a means
of describing an important resource. His example produced some early records along the east coast,
but weather observations did not come to the Plains until the 19th century. At that time, the Surgeon
General suspected that there was a connection between the health of the army's soldiers and the
weather. He ordered the physicians at each army post to take and maintain weather records. So it was
that the earliest weather records in Kansas were started at Ft. Leavenworth (1836), Ft. Scott (1843),
Ft. Wallace (1870), Ft. Atkinson (1850), Ft. Larned (1860), Ft. Dodge (1867), and Ft. Ellsworth
(1866). Little use was made of these records; they were shipped to the War Department in
Washington and stored. As the need for a military presence declined on the frontier, many of the
outposts were abandoned along with their weather stations.
Invention of the telegraph provided a means for dispersing weather information at a speed that
would eventually make weather forecasting possible. Control of the Army weather observation
program then changed from the Surgeon General to the Chief Signal Officer. Volunteer observers
were sought to keep weather records at their place of residence. Not surprisingly, the majority of the
early observing stations in Kansas were along the route of the Union Pacific railroad, where there was
easy access to the telegraph.
In 1886, the Chief Signal Officer assigned Sgt. T. B. Jennings to Topeka to extend the network of
voluntary observers across the state. His efforts led to the establishment of a weather station in Colby
on June 1, 1888, with C. E. Bennett as the observer (Table 1). Mr. Bennett ceased to function in this
capacity on July 31, 1889, and the station was closed until being restarted by Charles Buschow on
May 7, 1892. Daily weather records have been made continuously in Colby since that time.
The Colby Branch Experiment Station was established in 1914 with the express purpose of
finding solutions to agricultural problems created by the weather of northwestern Kansas. At the time
of its founding, the area was beset by soil blowing from cultivated fields and being deposited in drifts
several feet deep along fences and in ditches. Since the official weather station was located downtown
at 4th and Garfield, with G. H. Kinkel as observer, the early weather records kept at the Experiment
Station were unofficial and did not become part of the weather archives.
In 1935, J. B. Kuska became the official observer in Colby at his home at 585 N. Court. Mr.
Kuska was the head of the USDA Dry Land project at the Colby Branch Experiment Station, so the
official weather station in Colby became closely linked with the research activities. When Mr. Kuska
retired as the weather observer in 1957, it was only natural to move the official weather station to the
experiment station, where various members of the staff have continued the weather records begun
before the turn of the century.
The several changes in location of the weather station should have little effect on continuity of the
records, because all the locations were within a mile of one another. However, when the weather
station was moved to the experiment station on March 28, 1957, the time of observation was changed
from evening to morning. Such a change can noticeably alter the average temperature as well as any
other calculations using air temperatures. Those searching for climatic changes or trends must be
aware of this change in time of observation.
3
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table I. Official observers at the Colby weather
station since its beginning in 1888.
Beginning
Ending
6-01-1888
5-07-1892
12-01-1905
1-09-1911
5-02-1911
10-01-1935
7-31-1889
12-01-1905
1-09-1911
5-02-1911
9-30-1935
4-01-1957
4-01-1957
9-01-1967
11-17-1970
12-09-1971
8-01-1972
8-01-1975
1-01-1976
8-31-1967
11-16-1970
12-08-1971
7-31-1972
7-31-1975
12-31-1975
2-28-1985
3-01-1985
1
Present
Observer
C.
C.
R.
E.
G.
J.
W.
R.
G.
M.
J.
D.
H.
E. Bennett
Buschow
M. Chelf
V. Snell
H. Kinkle
B. Kuska
W. Harris
I. Ibbetson
E. Warrington
D. Hinrichs
Tuma
Bordovsky
D. Sunderman
Staff members
Location
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
4th and Garfield
585 N. Court
Experiment
Experiment
Experiment
Experiment
Experiment
Experiment
Experiment
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
NWREC1
With a reorganization in 1986, the Colby Branch Experiment
Station became a part of the Northwest Research-Extension Center.
Dust storm approaching downtown Colby during the spring of 1935.
4
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Automated Weather Stations
Improvements in decision-making tools that rely on inputs of timely weather data have created a need
for more types of more detailed weather data. In addition to the old standards of daily maximum and
minimum temperatures and rainfall, weather elements such as solar radiation, soil temperatures, relative
humidity, wind direction, and wind speed have become important. But manually collecting such data in
the detail needed is physically and economically prohibitive.
Space-age technology has provided the instrumentation for specialized agricultural weather stations
that can routinely make observations every few minutes and store the data for later retrieval. Under full
automation, a remote computer can be programmed to call the weather station at a preselected time,
collect the stored data, and then store it in its own memory for immediate use.
A network of these stations was established in 1980 at the Branch Stations and Experiment Fields of
the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Colby was one of the first stations in the network. These
stations make hourly observations that provide information on the duration of the climatic elements above
or below important threshold values during the day. Collection of the data from the network was
automated in 1984, and the data set is almost complete since that time.
Automated (foreground) and NOAA weather stations at
the Northwest Research-Extension Center, 1987.
Data Availability
Observers at cooperative weather stations keep their data on standardized forms that are forwarded to
the national weather service at the end of each month. These forms have varied over the years but have
been essentially the same since 1893, when maximum and minimum thermometers became standard
instruments. Copies of these completed forms are
5
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
available through the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina. Data taken
prior to 1893 are stored in the National Archives in Washington, D.C. and are available on microfilm
from NCDC. Observations taken since 1893 have been stored on microfiche and are also available from
NCDC. In addition to reporting values for temperature and precipitation, these old records include
interesting remarks made by the observers to better describe daily weather features.
The basic weather data from all the weather stations in Kansas are compiled and published
monthly in “Climatological Data--Kansas”. Subscriptions to the current issues can be obtained
through the NCDC.
Because of the large volume, it is difficult to develop meaningful summaries from the records in
manuscript form. Starting in 1948, the records were digitized as they were received. This simplified
publication and made it possible for computers to create detailed summaries of the data. The Kansas
Agricultural Experiment Station (KAES) entered into an agreement with the NCDC to digitize data for
selected stations back to the beginning of their records. Included in this list were records obtained at
Colby, St. Francis, Healy, and Tribune. The early records digitized by the KAES were sent to NCDC and
combined with the more recent data, so complete records are now available in this form.
Digitized data can be obtained from NCDC or from the Weather Data Library in Umberger Hall at
Kansas State University. The form may be either magnetic tape for mainframe computers or floppy disk
for desktop computers. Current and certain types of longtime weather data can be obtained from the
Northwest Research-Extension Center at Colby.
View of the original, unofficial weather station
at the Colby Branch Experiment Station, 1915.
6
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Climatological Records at Colby
The complete weather record at Colby consists of so much data that it is difficult to use it for
describing the local climate. Perhaps more importantly, publication requirements for a complete data set
would be prohibitive. Summary tables and graphs reduce this volume to more manageable levels and are
used here to illustrate the more interesting features. These summaries are shown in Tables 2-19 and
Figures 1-8 appended to this report.
In a quest to reduce data sets to an absolute minimum, averages are sometimes calculated for an
extended period of time. For the convenience of the reader, a number of the summary tables included in
this report include monthly, seasonal, and yearly averages or totals. These are sometimes averaged or
totaled over the entire length of the record or for just the last 20 years.
The reader is reminded that averages and totals can hide certain features that may have had a profound
effect on the environment during that period. For example, the annual precipitation amount for a certain
year may be near the longtime average, yet severe drought during a portion of that year may have caused
a major reduction in crop yields. In other cases, a change in procedure may be the basis for an apparent
change in the climate--for example, the change from morning to evening observation times and from
sunken to raised pan evaporation measurements.
Air Temperature
Air temperature is closely related to sunshine--higher during the daytime and lower at night;
lower on cloudy days and higher on sunny days. Because of this diurnal range, thermometers
have been designed to retain the maximum and the minimum readings that occur during a 24hour period. In general, the maximum occurs in mid-afternoon and the minimum right at sunrise.
In addition to the day-night cycle of temperature, there is a pronounced annual cycle at this latitude as
the sun’s attitude varies above the horizon (Figure 1). The coldest part of the year is generally during the
second week of January and the warmest during the third week of July. A lag occurs between the times of
maximum and minimum solar radiation and the times of maximum and minimum temperatures. This is
caused by the inertia in heating the land surface, which, in turn, heats the air above. A graphic summary
of annual air temperatures is shown in Figure 2.
Average maximum air temperatures and number of days on which this temperature exceeded a certain
threshold are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Equivalent data for minimum temperatures appear in
Tables 4 and 5. Table 6 gives the mean temperatures for these same periods. The mean temperature is the
average of the maximum and minimum temperatures.
The lowest temperature ever recorded at Colby was -32F on December 22, 1989, and the highest was
113F on July 25, 1940. Records for other dates are shown in Table 7. These values give a good indication
of the extremes that are possible. When studying daily records, one should not assume that an unusual
value is an indication of special conditions for that day. Given more years of observations, the extreme for
that day will probably become quite similar to those of the neighboring days.
A temperature of 100 degrees or more always seems to have special significance, even though there is
little to distinguish between the high 90s and the lower 100s. Table 8 lists the number of occurrence when
temperature equaled or exceeded 100 degrees. Such temperatures are not an every-year occurrence. They
occur much more frequently in dry
7
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
years when less of the sun's energy is used for evaporating moisture and more is available to warm the air.
Dates of occurrence of certain threshold temperatures are important in defining the growing season
available for plant growth. Because various groups have different views of what constitutes a “killing
freeze”, these dates are listed in Table 9 under five different freeze thresholds. Variability among years is
illustrated in Figure 3 for thresholds of 32 and 28F. Dates are shown in terms of the day number of the
year; January 1= 1, March 1 = 60, etc. The last freeze in the spring defines the beginning of the growing
season and the first freeze in the fall marks the end of that season. The values are more useful when they
are expressed as probabilities of occurrence (Table 10). These data indicate that an unprotected tomato
plant set out on May 6 will likely be killed by a freezing temperature in 4 years out of 10.
Temperatures can also be used to derive other variables that relate to certain activities. One of these is
the growing-degree unit that relates to the maturity of crops. Corn seed growers are now listing the
growing-degree unit requirements of their hybrids instead of calendar days. Growing-degree units for
corn are listed in Tables 11 and 12. Heating (HDU) and cooling (CDU) degree units (Table 13) are
calculated similarly, but they relate to your utility bill. When it is cold in the winter (high values for
HDU), fuel is used to warm the home, and in the summer, air conditioning uses more energy as the
temperatures climb (high values for CDU).
Precipitation
Moisture is a limiting factor for agriculture in all of the High Plains. The physical basis for this
shortage was discussed in an earlier section. Yearly amounts average 18.65 inches but have ranged from a
low of 6.62 to a high of 31.84 (Table 14). Seasonal (April-September) amounts average 14.55 inches but
have ranged from 5.90 to 26.62. The variability of yearly and seasonal amounts is illustrated by Figures 4
and 5, respectively.
Precipitation includes both rain and snowfall, with the contribution of snow being the amount of water
in a melted sample. As an approximation, an inch of snow will melt down to a tenth inch of water.
View of runoff from rangeland south of NWREC
after a severe thunderstorm on July 13, 1989.
8
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
A comparison of the warm-season rainfall (April - September) with the annual total shows that most of
the precipitation at Colby is received during the time when summer crops are growing most actively
(Figure 6 and Table 14). Although only around 4 inches of moisture are received during the cool season,
they make a significant contribution to soil moisture storage because very little is lost by
evapotranspiration.
Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 72 days during the year (Table 15). A large number of
these events produce very little precipitation, with only 23 producing as much as a quarter of an inch.
Rainfall amounts exceeding 1 inch are infrequent, averaging between three and four times a year. A
comparison of daily events exceeding 0.01, 0.25, and 1.00 inch are also shown in Figure 7. Table 16 lists
the probabilities of receiving various amounts of precipitation during each month of the year. Such
probabilities, based on our climatological experience, are the most reliable forms of forecast that can be
made several months in advance.
Snowfall is also an important source of Precipitation. The amounts recorded at Colby are listed in
Table 17. Snowfall has been observed at Colby as late as May and as early as September, but these cases
are unusual. Note that although early-season snowfalls in October and November and late-season ones in
April are infrequent, they can produce exceptional amounts. Warmer air at this time of year has a higher
moisture content than the cold air of mid-winter.
Not only does snow provide needed moisture for this region, it also serves as an insulating blanket
protecting the crowns of winter wheat from damage by extremely low temperatures.
A winter scene at the Colby Branch Experiment Station, 1919.
Unfortunately, high winds often accompany snowfall in northwestern Kansas. When this occurs, the
snow is blown from bare fields (such as those seeded to wheat or clean tilled) and is piled in huge drifts
wherever there is an obstruction to break the wind. Not only does this reduce the availability of moisture
for crop production, it often disrupts traffic and other activities.
A recording rain gauge was installed at the Colby Branch Experiment Station on January 1, 1941. In
addition to recording the amount received, this gauge also provides a time trace of the precipitation, so
that rates of fall can be determined. These data can be found in the Hourly Precipitation Data publication
circulated by the National Climatic Data Center. Such historical data are useful in designing drainage
systems, such as storm sewers, culverts, and
9
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
waterways. When these records are combined with the area of a watershed, expected runoff can be
calculated and used for designing water storage structures, such as terraces, ponds, lakes, and large
reservoirs.
Evaporation
If crops could utilize all of the precipitation that falls, the annual amounts at Colby would almost
always be more than enough to raise good crops. Unfortunately, much of the moisture is lost before it can
be utilized by the growing plant. Some of this loss is due to runoff when heavy rains fall on saturated
soils, but, as mentioned earlier, heavy rains are infrequent in this area.
Another fraction of lost precipitation is that attributable to sublimation. This process is similar to
evaporation except that frozen water or snow (solid phase) is converted to water vapor (gaseous phase)
without ever going through the liquid phase. These losses have not been measured at the Colby weather
stations but are known to occur and may occasionally be substantial.
The greatest loss of moisture is through evaporation from the soil surface and through the plants
themselves, in a process called transpiration. The combination of these two processes is termed
evapotranspiration. The contribution of transpiration has been recognized only for about the past 40 years.
Prior to that time, water use was estimated by making measurements of evaporation from a pan of water.
These measurements were made only during the warm season of the year, when there was little danger
that the water in the pan would freeze.
Evaporation is influenced by wind speed, solar energy, humidity, and the wetness of the surface.
Unlike the soil surface in the fields, which is generally dry, evaporation pans have an inexhaustible supply
of water. For this reason, warm-season evaporation (total for April through September) is from 2 to more
than 3 times the annual rainfall amount (Table 18).
Because there are many problems in interpreting pan evaporation data, it is not used as frequently as
other climatic data. Notice that two different types of measuring pans were used at Colby and that their
respective readings are quite different (Table 18). The pan in use from 1914 to 1965 was a Bureau of
Plant Industry (BPI) design. It was 4 feet in diameter and buried in the soil, so that the water had a
temperature similar to that of the soil.
In 1966, the BPI pan was replaced with the National Weather Service class A evaporation pan. It is 6
feet in diameter and mounted on a platform above ground, so that the air can circulate freely around it. In
this case, the water has a temperature that is more similar to that of the air. The class A pan is the
currently accepted method of measuring evaporation and is useful in estimating evaporation losses from
lakes and reservoirs. One of the problems of maintaining these pans in a semi-arid region is that they are
often the only watering hole in the area, and, thus, part of the loss is due to consumption by birds and
other wildlife.
Because we now recognize the contribution of transpiration to water use, it has become more common
to calculate the potential evapotranspiration from climatic variables. These values (Table 19) can be used
with the rainfall record to keep a moisture budget for most crop production situations, for example,
irrigation scheduling.
10
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Two examples of moisture-conserving
cropping systems being researched at NWREC:
ridge-till corn (above) and no-till wheat (below).
11
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 2. Average monthly, seasonal, and yearly maximum air temperatures (F)
recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1893-1989.
Season1
Year
50.4
45.4
41.7
52.4
39.2
40.7
42.7
51.7
82.3
84.3
81.5
82.6
81.8
80.7
84.5
83.3
67.7
68.5
64.7
67.7
65.9
65.8
67.5
69.4
59.7
55.9
55.7
63.4
58.2
51.5
55.1
55.0
56.7
59.3
44.5
35.8
51.0
47.3
47.1
52.9
41.0
41.1
27.8
48.6
83.4
81.8
79.1
80.7
80.1
81.2
81.2
81.9
81.3
82.6
67.8
66.7
65.1
68.7
65.8
66.4
67.7
67.1
65.4
69.9
64.1
69.5
65.0
72.0
74.8
69.5
64.3
69.9
61.7
73.4
54.1
59.3
60.0
65.0
60.4
54.8
61.6
51.4
48.6
52.4
39.1
47.1
34.6
33.5
45.3
40.7
44.5
41.7
41.4
42.1
85.9
79.7
82.7
82.2
75.8
81.8
79.8
81.3
80.4
78.1
69.8
63.7
65.8
67.4
63.7
67.3
66.5
66.6
63.1
65.8
85.5
87.8
80.2
76.9
82.5
79.8
83.3
84.8
75.6
83.3
76.7
74.9
58.4
73.3
55.3
73.6
77.5
69.9
66.3
63.8
59.0
54.3
58.0
58.7
55.5
50.4
57.9
53.2
41.2
54.2
47.8
45.9
42.4
31.4
45.5
40.6
39.0
45.0
48.0
44.0
83.0
83.3
78.5
80.5
83.8
83.3
81.1
79.3
81.4
83.1
70.5
68.1
65.0
64.6
67.4
68.4
66.9
66.2
64.4
67.0
90.4
90.2
86.2
94.6
95.5
97.2
97.2
97.9
92.2
88.1
90.0
82.7
85.4
79.8
84.4
83.1
84.5
87.0
88.2
82.3
75.0
68.8
72.6
77.7
69.2
67.8
70.5
79.6
74.0
76.9
54.6
57.2
59.6
59.5
49.1
58.1
54.9
56.4
59.3
50.2
38.7
37.8
54.9
46.5
42.5
46.8
44.5
49.5
52.8
47.1
83.5
83.9
83.2
87.6
82.1
85.8
84.8
84.6
86.1
82.8
68.7
66.4
70.4
72.3
68.1
68.2
67.3
71.1
70.7
65.9
91.0
90.4
97.5
90.3
90.8
82.2
79.5
82.5
83.1
81.9
65.6
69.2
71.1
71.5
74.0
60.3
56.1
57.0
53.5
60.0
44.7
44.0
44.2
40.8
42.2
80.7
81.0
83.9
79.4
79.1
66.2
65.4
69.3
64.8
66.8
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
46.0
41.6
36.3
48.0
39.4
42.9
44.0
49.2
44.4
36.1
35.9
52.7
47.2
52.0
29.5
40.0
52.8
59.8
55.2
51.1
50.3
54.3
50.0
57.0
65.4
70.3
70.9
70.7
63.3
66.3
68.9
61.8
76.3
79.7
77.9
77.4
77.5
70.1
79.5
78.0
90.0
88.1
82.6
89.2
85.9
84.6
88.1
88.6
93.7
94.2
84.0
91.1
92.6
90.8
89.0
93.2
85.5
91.9
87.6
90.7
86.8
93.4
95.3
96.6
82.7
81.3
85.8
76.2
84.8
79.1
86.1
81.8
68.9
72.7
65.3
65.5
68.2
63.1
74.0
77.5
54.1
58.4
51.5
46.8
55.0
51.0
60.4
57.1
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
45.7
43.6
44.1
43.6
50.4
50.5
37.2
45.1
42.5
38.9
38.1
45.0
34.0
50.5
30.8
51.3
53.0
45.1
47.8
46.1
52.3
56.9
49.8
62.4
58.0
37.8
66.3
60.4
51.7
73.8
61.0
68.8
67.4
66.5
63.1
70.0
63.5
70.4
64.8
71.6
76.0
78.4
70.3
74.7
69.9
77.1
70.7
74.1
75.5
71.0
90.9 100.6
84.2 91.3
77.8 90.4
80.1 89.1
86.1 86.2
83.9 86.0
86.1 92.8
84.6 87.8
83.9 88.6
86.3 95.2
92.2
91.1
87.6
88.5
92.5
88.8
90.6
88.7
93.7
88.7
79.9
77.2
81.1
85.1
82.7
81.2
83.5
85.6
81.1
82.8
72.3
71.6
72.0
72.6
65.1
65.3
73.1
67.6
70.9
76.7
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
50.1
30.9
41.8
46.0
41.9
36.1
44.5
34.5
36.3
45.4
51.1
41.9
37.9
44.3
48.9
51.0
50.3
52.3
35.4
47.6
64.1
37.2
54.2
55.1
38.4
64.4
53.6
62.1
51.5
60.2
68.0
66.5
70.8
69.2
68.4
63.4
61.7
55.0
60.2
56.9
78.4
79.4
77.8
73.2
70.3
75.5
67.1
78.2
71.2
70.6
94.2
80.1
82.5
87.7
77.1
81.9
86.8
92.5
81.3
80.5
94.2
89.5
92.7
88.4
82.2
96.0
94.5
91.0
92.0
91.3
92.5
87.6
97.0
89.7
79.0
91.5
86.4
93.8
93.1
86.4
87.8
75.1
75.4
85.2
78.0
82.5
82.2
77.0
84.7
82.6
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
46.2
40.7
50.8
41.8
35.1
44.7
44.3
47.1
37.1
27.5
51.6
47.3
45.5
45.7
53.2
54.9
47.8
45.8
32.4
60.3
66.0
54.0
53.4
41.4
61.3
57.2
49.5
57.7
59.1
55.4
68.9
61.8
64.7
67.9
70.0
64.5
68.7
64.1
68.4
70.2
76.5
74.7
68.6
70.7
74.1
77.5
79.8
75.7
71.6
71.7
83.8
88.8
81.1
86.7
90.4
87.0
80.7
74.0
84.5
83.5
91.7
92.5
89.2
90.0
95.1
94.9
90.3
87.6
94.4
97.6
91.8
94.2
87.1
91.0
90.8
96.0
83.8
89.5
93.7
92.1
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
51.1
33.0
52.2
50.3
52.4
38.1
30.8
47.3
49.3
25.3
54.0
48.1
46.3
48.7
49.1
34.1
47.6
50.6
41.6
39.9
49.4
48.6
60.0
59.8
62.1
58.8
50.2
62.1
55.4
54.3
64.8
69.2
66.9
71.1
64.5
66.4
67.7
67.3
66.3
64.7
73.0
79.1
72.9
86.2
65.0
77.1
78.7
74.2
82.4
76.1
90.3 92.7
84.2 98.0
94.1 93.6
92.3 101.4
83.2 99.7
91.3 99.4
84.4 96.1
86.7 94.6
89.2 98.0
89.4 96.1
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
42.7
35.9
45.7
46.9
43.3
44.6
39.1
55.6
42.0
44.2
51.8
53.8
54.2
46.7
63.4
63.1
67.3
69.8
55.0
60.3
77.5
72.9
70.8
76.8
73.2
31.6
80.3
86.1
83.3
76.9
88.7
95.8
96.8
87.8
91.4
Continued
12
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 2 concluded.
Season1
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
49.6
45.7
40.6
28.5
43.4
57.0
42.9
41.4
43.7
53.3
62.3
48.7
46.0
51.7
53.8
74.7
61.8
73.3
64.3
64.0
71.7
70.1
76.1
74.6
73.0
87.2
79.5
82.8
83.2
88.2
94.6
91.1
89.9
91.0
84.7
90.5
94.8
89.6
87.6
82.4
82.7
88.2
86.4
77.8
76.0
65.1
77.1
72.5
65.7
75.8
48.0
47.2
47.5
62.9
54.1
51.4
42.3
40.5
48.5
50.1
83.6
80.9
83.0
79.8
78.1
69.6
65.8
65.6
65.0
66.6
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
42.5
48.1
55.0
39.2
36.5
41.5
33.5
45.0
38.9
34.4
49.9
50.1
52.5
59.6
39.5
41.3
51.2
38.8
38.8
29.9
52.6
45.3
59.3
51.2
54.7
57.9
48.5
31.9
49.9
40.8
61.5
62.6
61.4
72.0
69.4
63.1
57.6
56.9
62.0
66.3
74.5
73.0
73.2
68.3
77.1
79.2
67.3
74.7
73.5
71.6
74.9
93.9
90.9
89.8
79.0
93.6
79.6
82.5
88.8
81.7
84.4
91.8
90.5
95.9
96.3
91.1
92.7
84.5
89.6
88.4
88.1
91.0
86.6
90.3
93.4
90.5
90.2
89.6
92.6
91.0
76.4
85.9
86.3
87.2
82.0
85.7
76.6
83.7
76.8
83.5
66.3
71.0
72.4
65.8
71.8
74.4
62.5
70.9
61.7
70.3
52.0
49.5
53.1
58.9
50.8
51.2
47.5
53.6
50.1
56.4
41.5
41.1
39.4
48.3
40.6
49.8
52.2
43.1
48.1
41.1
76.6
83.0
81.5
83.9
82.9
83.9
77.3
78.7
80.6
80.4
63.7
66.9
68.4
68.9
65.9
68.3
63.3
62.9
64.2
63.0
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
42.5
35.9
30.0
48.4
47.4
32.4
44.7
41.6
35.9
39.6
49.1
48.9
50.9
39.1
42.4
35.5
49.1
46.0
40.0
53.3
51.6
48.6
54.6
48.3
40.8
56.3
58.7
60.2
40.1
43.6
58.0
65.7
70.0
61.9
68.3
59.7
65.5
63.9
66.5
61.5
67.7
80.3
77.0
77.6
78.7
76.6
67.4
68.0
73.8
78.4
83.0
79.3
90.3
83.4
80.1
84.3
77.9
87.4
78.8
83.8
90.8
88.1
95.3
95.5
89.8
92.1
85.6
89.3
90.9
91.5
88.0
90.5
90.9
89.0
85.9
84.3
86.9
85.2
86.9
92.5
73.8
75.3
81.2
80.1
65.9
77.7
77.6
80.4
80.3
77.3
68.5
70.6
78.6
71.7
69.9
67.3
70.9
71.0
55.6
60.7
46.5
54.2
56.9
53.9
56.7
53.4
52.4
49.5
54.5
50.4
36.7
46.7
36.1
45.9
43.6
39.6
40.4
33.6
42.5
49.3
76.9
79.9
84.1
81.3
78.1
79.1
76.8
79.0
79.5
80.8
63.0
65.3
67.7
66.2
64.1
63.3
64.8
64.7
62.2
65.2
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
41.8
40.1
36.8
32.5
42.5
41.2
34.1
26.9
25.7
32.9
40.9
48.3
43.9
48.9
39.5
53.5
52.6
26.5
40.2
38.5
51.2
63.5
49.6
55.4
46.5
51.5
54.0
50.9
52.9
44.3
62.1
63.3
56.9
63.4
61.7
63.3
65.3
65.7
64.0
59.0
68.6
71.7
69.2
77.1
73.4
68.8
75.5
69.5
69.5
70.0
88.9
86.0
85.3
83.4
79.4
85.4
86.3
83.2
81.3
87.8
87.2
85.5
87.2
94.4
90.3
90.0
90.1
93.2
88.4
96.7
88.6
85.6
90.6
81.8
89.0
90.9
84.0
88.7
84.8
91.5
77.3
79.0
70.6
74.5
76.8
77.1
82.7
84.2
83.9
81.2
68.5
63.5
68.1
68.7
71.8
61.0
68.8
69.7
71.9
69.0
51.9
40.8
48.6
51.7
49.9
50.3
53.0
46.6
44.7
55.8
41.0
31.8
41.6
41.8
40.7
46.9
45.0
38.0
48.3
49.7
78.8
78.5
76.6
79.1
78.4
79.3
80.7
80.8
78.7
81.0
64.0
63.3
62.4
64.5
63.5
65.0
66.0
61.9
63.0
64.7
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
46.4
36.6
36.1
35.8
32.8
53.0
42.8
32.3
48.9
45.4
39.4
43.6
46.2
36.5
47.5
48.9
42.1
34.8
52.2
52.4
47.7
47.0
56.4
61.7
48.7
54.4
53.9
69.7
62.1
54.1
54.3
68.1
68.0
64.6
61.9
68.9
65.7
69.7
66.6
71.3
74.9
73.4
74.1
75.0
73.7
86.7
74.7
78.5
84.7
84.0
85.9
87.5
91.2
78.1
88.5
88.6
93.2
91.6
91.0
91.9
89.1
90.6
89.3
85.1
88.1
95.4
90.8
84.2
87.5
85.5
90.6
85.1
81.7
78.2
84.5
74.9
74.6
78.8
80.0
79.7
76.6
63.6
65.7
67.9
59.0
63.0
64.2
68.5
66.0
69.8
55.2
50.0
50.5
54.1
40.3
51.7
52.9
55.8
56.5
43.8
44.1
22.7
40.3
36.0
43.9
42.9
49.0
38.9
79.6
76.9
78.7
77.9
79.5
80.9
80.1
81.5
78.6
65.3
62.5
61.7
62.5
61.8
67.3
65.5
65.7
64.5
1893 through
Avg.
41.2
Max.
55.0
Min.
25.3
1989:
45.1 53.4
60.3 73.8
26.5 31.9
65.0
74.7
54.1
74.0
86.2
65.0
84.8 91.6
94.2 101.4
74.0 82.2
89.9
97.9
79.0
81.1
90.0
65.9
69.2
79.6
55.3
53.9
65.0
40.3
43.3
54.9
22.7
81.1
87.6
75.8
66.0
72.3
61.7
1970 through
Avg.
39.9
Max.
53.0
Min.
25.7
1989:
43.5 51.9
53.5 63.5
26.5 43.6
62.9
69.7
54.1
71.8
78.4
65.7
84.1
91.2
74.7
88.0
95.4
81.8
78.7
84.5
70.6
66.5
71.9
59.0
50.5
56.5
40.3
41.8
49.7
22.7
79.3
81.5
76.6
64.0
67.3
61.7
1
90.4
96.7
85.5
Middle six months of the year.
13
Year
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 3. Number of days during which the maximum
temperature equaled or exceeded the threshold value
at the Colby weather stations, 1900-1989.
Year
Threshold value. oF
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
----------------------number of days -------------------------
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
365
365
365
365
365
357
365
364
365
363
360
359
362
363
364
352
362
361
364
352
352
345
342
350
352
344
348
345
359
332
336
318
321
322
338
319
318
321
328
307
298
279
284
280
304
285
287
290
276
274
245
233
237
226
263
217
237
247
226
228
189
191
179
169
190
171
179
183
190
180
140
131
115
102
119
116
121
130
127
126
78
76
53
48
44
40
43
65
55
56
22
30
12
4
3
7
1
6
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
365
363
364
364
365
365
362
365
362
362
362
361
360
361
359
364
354
361
356
355
355
349
342
336
349
352
338
348
337
342
335
336
310
304
327
315
317
324
314
293
302
299
254
277
284
270
283
295
282
248
253
247
219
225
237
234
243
229
230
203
206
188
165
170
191
176
184
161
180
152
137
136
112
120
139
89
123
113
129
114
70
92
46
70
52
6
70
51
71
61
16
29
7
18
2
0
16
14
16
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
365
365
364
364
362
365
364
364
365
364
363
365
363
363
355
365
364
362
363
359
349
359
351
359
343
353
358
350
359
339
328
342
332
337
301
330
332
326
331
304
279
314
286
293
266
289
279
285
282
263
224
256
234
220
228
228
229
229
231
219
167
204
177
147
169
167
180
179
174
164
116
139
132
104
112
124
134
125
112
111
48
75
74
36
52
71
74
58
47
65
2
8
17
1
11
18
22
8
1
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
360
365
361
362
365
365
365
362
365
364
351
363
351
362
361
364
355
360
363
363
349
350
343
358
356
360
339
337
357
352
321
323
308
350
334
333
313
311
341
334
290
290
273
327
305
286
279
280
308
298
240
235
239
261
257
234
233
229
252
248
184
183
191
187
202
174
180
181
196
198
123
143
139
130
152
118
131
131
145
152
63
80
57
75
91
70
89
83
81
90
18
18
16
13
36
31
47
23
27
18
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
362
365
363
363
365
365
365
365
350
363
359
361
365
363
363
361
335
350
346
357
350
350
361
349
302
319
319
339
307
323
345
316
269
283
271
291
263
286
303
265
232
237
218
248
215
231
246
211
186
169
168
189
170
174
181
167
130
109
115
124
121
117
123
117
66
58
60
78
48
58
65
68
19
2
11
27
2
13
25
19
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Continued
14
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 3 concluded.
Year
10
20
30
40
----------------------
Threshold value, oF
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
number of days ---------------------------
1948
1949
363
363
356
357
336
343
301
311
264
279
229
239
194
174
126
107
58
44
5
2
0
0
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
365
361
365
365
365
365
365
364
365
363
358
356
362
365
364
364
361
361
363
356
352
352
350
361
355
340
346
347
333
347
339
316
316
331
332
308
329
321
297
314
299
282
273
300
291
267
287
264
250
260
238
223
223
235
240
224
229
201
207
203
174
160
177
178
177
180
189
147
168
156
113
82
127
136
133
118
143
95
114
117
32
30
73
64
79
76
78
47
39
62
5
1
20
10
19
15
14
8
3
13
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
364
363
359
362
365
364
363
365
362
364
350
358
352
349
361
360
349
363
357
363
330
344
344
335
351
341
329
350
343
348
291
313
318
316
320
319
299
316
312
286
251
262
286
287
272
278
264
279
272
241
219
206
231
237
218
216
215
218
223
199
167
148
174
193
170
167
163
169
163
153
119
99
114
144
115
95
112
99
113
101
52
48
44
70
65
38
44
32
49
41
6
10
2
15
19
8
5
4
6
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
364
365
358
363
360
365
364
364
361
360
362
358
348
356
353
358
357
355
337
353
343
343
336
342
343
338
347
348
310
333
314
311
307
308
323
300
323
328
284
302
272
266
265
256
274
256
283
280
244
254
205
218
214
202
220
217
220
231
208
215
157
164
163
147
164
170
159
178
168
164
114
110
113
100
98
99
104
113
114
115
68
52
44
44
44
49
52
42
62
47
10
8
0
6
5
2
6
2
14
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
362
364
360
356
364
360
365
365
363
357
356
360
353
353
357
349
362
361
357
350
338
351
337
330
349
324
353
353
343
336
297
327
314
286
309
294
332
312
312
310
254
284
270
242
252
250
297
271
265
276
213
221
210
202
194
205
240
229
222
223
170
160
145
148
145
159
181
176
176
171
117
103
91
113
110
107
112
112
122
104
70
42
32
66
53
48
50
49
64
34
21
6
1
8
4
9
7
3
14
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1900 through
Avg.
363
Max.
365
Min.
356
1989
359
365
337
346
361
310
318
350
284
277
327
241
227
263
194
173
206
145
118
152
82
58
92
6
11
47
0
0
1
0
1970 through
Avg.
362
Max.
365
Min.
356
1989:
355
362
337
340
353
310
310
332
284
266
297
242
215
240
194
163
181
145
109
122
91
51
70
32
7
21
0
0
1
0
15
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 4. Average monthly, seasonal, and yearly minimum air temperatures (F)
recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1893-1989.
Season1
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
16.5
9.3
11.0
20.3
13.9
14.9
11.6
17.9
10.9
6.5
9.0
20.7
17.5
17.6
2.0
12.8
19.4
24.7
21.2
20.3
22.5
20.3
17.8
25.6
29.9
36.2
37.5
37.4
34.3
37.0
31.5
36.4
38.5
46.5
44.1
48.7
45.3
43.8
44.2
45.4
55.6
54.0
52.6
53.5
54.6
55.9
52.9
57.0
59.4
58.9
57.0
60.7
59.3
57.7
58.9
59.1
56.2
58.6
56.9
58.6
57.8
58.3
59.6
60.8
50.7
49.0
50.6
46.8
54.0
46.5
49.6
51.2
36.3
35.7
32.3
33.1
39.2
31.6
36.4
37.8
20.7
25.2
22.9
18.4
23.7
18.5
25.8
20.8
18.0
15.1
17.5
22.1
14.2
11.8
17.5
15.9
48.4
50.9
49.8
51.0
50.9
49.9
49.5
51.7
34.5
35.1
34.5
36.8
36.5
34.6
34.2
36.9
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
12.4
12.8
17.4
10.6
12.8
18.4
15.2
20.5
15.6
17.2
11.4
15.6
10.0
13.4
6.8
17.8
18.3
20.9
17.6
14.0
23.1
27.7
23.5
24.8
31.3
17.8
31.3
28.1
24.9
33.5
35.7
36.2
33.5
32.2
32.9
39.4
30.2
36.1
32.1
35.7
43.4
50.4
44.2
44.1
43.6
45.5
40.4
44.3
43.2
42.6
56.6
53.8
50.6
53.3
56.8
49.7
53.4
56.9
56.8
56.6
62.5
58.3
59.7
58.1
55.4
56.3
60.8
59.2
63.0
61.6
59.6
60.9
58.5
57.4
58.5
58.4
59.9
59.4
62.3
57.9
50.0
45.3
47.1
49.1
52.1
50.8
51.1
53.0
49.2
52.4
38.2
37.7
35.6
39.3
29.3
35.8
38.2
37.9
37.3
39.3
23.8
25.3
24.4
23.2
26.4
27.0
24.2
25.7
29.1
26.6
15.7
12.7
16.1
16.6
14.4
22.1
17.4
18.2
9.0
18.1
51.3
50.8
48.9
49.0
49.9
50.0
49.3
51.5
51.1
51.1
36.2
36.5
35.2
35.3
35.2
36.7
36.8
38.4
36.8
38.1
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
15.7
6.8
13.8
27.8
14.4
9.6
12.5
8.3
14.9
19.1
16.0
23.4
11.3
15.3
23.3
17.7
16.8
20.4
17.3
20.8
27.3
17.9
22.9
25.2
20.2
27.2
20.3
31.0
28.5
23.7
34.4
37.1
37.3
36.7
42.0
33.9
32.9
33.5
37.5
31.1
45.8
47.9
48.0
48.3
42.7
43.4
40.3
47.2
44.5
46.7
58.9
53.5
56.1
60.8
53.5
51.8
52.7
58.7
55.1
55.9
59.7
62.5
64.2
62.3
58.6
63.5
61.2
61.1
62.3
59.9
57.7
59.4
62.7
60.1
55.3
59.7
57.2
61.6
59.7
54.4
54.6
47.7
50.3
52.7
51.2
47.7
53.2
46.4
55.2
50.7
34.4
38.0
35.8
40.0
38.4
36.5
32.6
44.0
36.1
40.3
18.8
26.8
30.5
26.3
28.2
23.1
31.2
25.8
21.9
24.5
11.2
19.9
18.5
9.9
18.7
8.6
13.9
18.8
15.9
17.8
51.9
51.4
53.1
53.5
50.5
50.0
49.6
51.4
52.4
49.8
36.3
36.8
37.8
38.9
37.3
35.3
35.5
38.2
37.5
37.2
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
21.7
10.8
20.9
12.0
9.7
21.6
18.9
20.7
12.1
5.2
23.8
12.4
15.0
22.0
26.7
25.2
22.2
20.4
11.1
28.2
34.1
24.1
20.9
20.7
30.6
25.1
27.5
29.3
28.6
23.0
34.5
36.5
36.4
35.1
40.0
33.2
40.6
33.6
36.1
40.8
47.2
46.5
45.8
39.9
47.3
50.0
49.2
47.2
46.8
45.9
57.1
57.6
58.8
56.0
60.8
55.2
55.2
52.2
56.2
55.3
62.5
61.4
61.5
58.0
63.5
62.7
60.9
61.0
64.3
61.9
60.0
62.5
58.9
61.1
59.5
62.2
57.6
58.8
61.2
62.9
52.6
53.6
50.6
48.4
55.9
53.2
52.6
48.1
49.8
52.6
39.1
38.5
38.4
42.0
33.2
41.3
40.2
39.7
40.5
40.2
25.5
28.5
28.3
26.2
27.1
26.3
28.5
27.9
21.1
25.8
18.6
18.7
18.9
9.1
19.6
18.9
9.4
21.5
21.0
21.2
52.3
53.0
52.0
49.8
54.5
52.8
52.7
50.2
52.4
53.2
39.8
37.7
38.0
35.9
39.5
39.7
38.6
38.5
37.6
38.6
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
19.9
16.1
19.8
20.7
19.6
16.1
3.5
19.2
23.2
3.9
26.1
23.8
12.2
21.6
22.4
4.6
18.6
20.9
10.9
21.6
22.3
20.3
29.2
26.3
31.5
27.7
25.2
32.4
27.2
28.0
35.8
38.5
36.2
38.2
34.0
35.1
35.1
37.2
37.3
36.5
42.8
48.0
45.9
53.2
44.5
51.9
49.5
47.5
49.5
45.3
59.6
55.7
62.0
59.6
55.2
60.9
57.4
58.1
56.4
56.9
61.2
64.5
63.6
66.5
66.4
66.7
63.8
63.9
64.7
64.5
57.7
63.1
60.5
64.9
63.3
64.6
65.4
65.1
60.2
59.6
57.1
50.8
55.9
47.2
52.2
54.5
53.5
54.7
55.0
55.1
42.2
35.4
39.0
41.3
39.5
37.2
40.5
43.9
38.8
41.4
27.5
25.8
30.1
30.4
25.3
25.3
26.0
22.1
25.6
23.3
21.6
10.3
24.3
19.7
21.6
22.0
17.7
19.2
23.9
23.1
52.4
53.4
54.0
54.9
52.6
55.6
54.1
54.4
53.9
53.0
39.5
37.8
40.0
40.9
39.7
39.1
38.1
40.5
39.6
38.4
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
20.3
13.1
14.9
16.4
20.0
21.1
17.1
21.2
19.9
24.1
26.1
25.8
20.8
21.9
29.3
38.1
39.5
39.9
32.4
34.0
50.6
43.2
43.4
48.5
43.5
55.1
55.4
56.9
56.5
50.5
61.3
59.6
63.7
60.0
62.4
59.8
60.5
63.9
59.4
60.7
52.2
47.5
49.2
48.8
49.0
41.3
40.3
34.6
38.4
37.3
25.7
26.3
24.1
26.8
25.0
19.4
20.4
18.1
19.1
13.1
52.9
51.0
52.8
50.9
50.0
39.4
37.5
37.7
37.5
37.5
Continued
16
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 4 concluded.
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Season
Year
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
16.1
16.2
13.9
7.1
9.2
19.1
14.3
14.6
18.4
21.5
31.9
22.3
18.4
27.2
21.8
41.3
35.2
39.3
37.3
32.1
42.3
44.6
45.9
50.6
43.9
56.2
52.9
56.0
58.1
55.8
61.5
61.4
62.5
62.8
59.0
60.4
63.3
62.2
59.4
57.7
53.2
52.1
53.7
49.2
51.2
38.8
44.1
36.5
38.4
41.8
26.3
22.9
25.4
29.5
23.2
21.2
18.8
19.9
15.6
20.1
52.5
51.6
53.3
52.9
50.0
39.1
37.5
37.5
37.9
36.5
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
14.2
17.7
23.7
18.8
16.7
17.4
8.6
16.0
11.7
12.8
20.0
21.5
18.3
30.7
15.3
17.9
23.3
18.4
16.7
12.7
18.7
22.4
28.7
24.1
21.7
26.0
26.4
16.4
24.9
18.1
32.2
35.6
32.0
39.9
39.5
33.1
36.2
34.7
34.8
38.5
47.3
46.8
44.5
45.7
49.0
50.8
47.6
50.5
47.1
45.6
51.7
62.2
59.6
60.7
54.8
61.7
56.1
57.0
59.4
56.5
61.5
62.6
63.2
68.4
66.3
62.8
64.9
60.3
58.3
60.0
60.5
61.9
60.5
64.0
63.6
61.2
62.6
60.3
62.9
59.9
49.1
52.0
51.9
56.2
53.6
52.7
49.1
53.0
47.5
52.1
38.7
35.3
43.3
40.3
42.0
43.7
43.0
37.1
35.6
40.2
22.7
23.0
30.5
30.5
23.3
27.3
26.1
23.8
19.6
24.2
14.8
18.4
20.4
21.1
17.9
22.1
21.9
19.1
19.5
16.1
50.4
53.5
52.0
55.8
54.5
53.7
52.8
52.6
51.7
52.1
36.0
38.4
39.9
41.7
38.8
39.9
38.9
37.3
36.6
36.5
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
14.6
10.0
4.4
15.3
14.1
8.4
17.8
11.1
13.9
10.8
20.3
18.4
20.7
16.2
12.4
14.8
17.1
15.3
20.1
17.3
27.3
20.3
28.3
20.8
14.2
25.7
25.4
24.1
16.6
20.7
31.5
35.6
38.1
36.0
39.7
32.3
36.6
32.0
38.3
32.1
45.1
50.8
49.2
46.7
47.7
43.6
41.8
40.9
48.5
47.1
56.0
55.8
60.0
53.9
57.4
55.9
54.0
55.9
51.1
54.4
62.0
61.4
64.7
64.7
62.6
64.7
59.9
61.1
63.5
61.2
60.8
60.2
62.0
58.9
58.6
55.9
55.5
58.9
61.9
61.5
47.3
50.4
56.3
52.6
45.3
49.9
47.9
47.9
53.1
46.6
34.5
39.8
45.0
35.6
40.2
34.6
33.5
36.1
35.1
34.5
22.2
27.6
24.8
24.9
29.2
23.9
22.6
25.0
25.3
24.4
12.5
19.4
11.4
12.6
18.2
13.5
12.6
10.5
19.6
13.8
50.5
52.4
55.1
52.1
51.9
50.4
49.3
49.5
52.7
50.5
36.2
37.6
38.8
36.6
36.8
35.4
35.5
35.0
37.3
35.5
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
12.7
9.7
14.6
10.7
15.1
14.5
6.2
5.3
3.4
14.3
15.6
14.8
19.9
18.0
12.3
22.6
17.9
7.3
13.6
17.4
24.3
24.9
31.7
25.0
19.7
23.4
23.8
23.6
28.1
22.1
35.5
34.5
31.7
34.8
34.3
38.1
39.0
37.4
36.7
34.3
43.8
45.6
43.4
47.8
44.8
42.1
51.3
45.4
43.8
44.3
58.4
56.8
54.4
54.5
54.2
54.1
59.8
57.2
55.1
58.0
59.0
59.4
60.3
63.0
61.0
62.2
64.3
63.3
63.1
64.6
58.5
56.7
60.2
56.5
60.1
58.3
59.7
57.1
57.9
61.0
45.2
49.6
48.9
43.4
47.9
50.2
50.8
50.6
50.4
50.7
37.0
36.1
37.8
38.9
32.9
31.2
34.9
35.3
36.8
33.6
26.2
23.6
25.7
25.2
21.8
19.5
24.2
25.5
21.8
23.3
19.5
10.3
16.9
12.5
21.1
16.3
15.2
12.8
19.8
19.4
50.1
50.4
49.8
50.0
50.4
50.8
54.2
51.8
51.2
52.2
36.4
35.3
37.2
36.0
35.6
36.1
37.4
35.2
36.0
37.0
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
14.9
9.6
20.3
13.1
11.7
19.8
15.9
7.7
13.3
15.0
12.1
24.4
22.4
13.9
18.6
23.8
15.4
8.4
27.2
25.4
27.4
23.4
26.8
28.5
23.3
22.3
21.0
40.4
31.2
32.0
33.1
37.5
35.7
34.0
31.0
32.1
45.2
46.6
41.2
47.3
48.2
45.1
49.6
46.9
45.8
58.2
52.6
53.7
55.4
51.0
57.2
56.7
60.2
52.0
62.8
62.1
62.9
61.5
60.7
61.3
60.2
60.4
59.7
58.1
61.6
64.0
60.2
57.0
58.6
58.0
59.6
58.2
50.0
50.8
50.9
48.6
48.4
52.2
46.3
48.2
46.8
38.8
35.3
38.1
38.1
34.3
38.2
32.2
34.2
33.9
28.8
22.6
26.4
25.0
18.9
22.3
26.1
24.2
22.1
19.8
17.7
2.7
14.9
12.7
17.3
16.4
16.7
9.1
52.5
50.8
50.8
51.0
50.5
51.7
50.8
51.1
49.1
38.4
35.8
37.1
37.0
35.1
37.9
36.9
35.6
33.5
1893 through 1989:
Avg.
14.3
17.4
Max.
27.8
30.7
Min.
3.4
2.0
24.6
34.1
14.2
35.6
42.0
29.9
46.0
53.2
38.5
56.0
62.2
49.7
61.9
68.4
55.4
60.0
65.4
54.4
50.6
57.1
43.4
37.7
45.0
29.3
25.0
31.2
18.4
16.9
24.3
2.7
51.6
55.8
48.4
37.1
41.7
33.5
1970 through 1939:
Avg.
12.2
16.5
Max.
20.3
24.4
Min.
3.4
7.3
24.6
31.7
19.7
34.8
40.4
31.0
45.8
51.3
41.2
55.7
60.2
51.0
61.6
64.6
59.0
59.1
64.0
56.5
48.8
52.2
43.4
35.6
38.9
31.2
23.9
28.8
18.9
15.2
21.1
2.7
51.0
54.2
49.1
36.2
38.3
33.5
1
Middle six months of the year.
17
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 5. Number of days during which the minimum
temperature was less than or equal to the threshold value
at the Colby weather stations, 1900-1989.
Year
____________________Threshold values (OF) _____________________________
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
------------------------- number of days -----------------------------
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
5
4
1
0
9
0
0
0
2
9
16
13
13
8
14
3
5
3
16
33
31
29
33
37
36
25
20
16
40
78
80
31
82
90
85
76
77
62
73
151
151
136
157
154
155
140
153
148
153
197
208
209
212
204
209
199
213
198
211
257
251
260
272
256
257
270
261
243
254
320
320
328
333
348
340
347
329
325
310
365
361
365
365
365
365
364
364
365
364
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
7
0
2
1
5
3
6
4
7
13
17
11
11
4
24
17
15
13
24
32
28
41
24
21
43
35
37
31
65
84
63
83
63
73
84
81
61
71
128
159
143
134
138
136
147
155
125
140
200
205
209
199
192
200
218
217
193
202
251
247
259
251
242
262
265
270
249
254
320
319
327
311
310
345
314
332
312
318
365
363
364
361
363
365
364
363
364
364
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
6
1
0
1
1
2
5
1
11
7
20
8
3
12
2
11
18
12
37
20
37
22
11
31
14
37
63
43
81
71
79
62
49
67
58
74
154
127
145
156
150
128
142
113
123
145
205
195
202
197
214
193
199
193
200
196
256
241
248
245
270
240
239
249
261
251
339
318
311
317
320
305
316
319
335
310
365
365
364
365
365
364
364
365
365
364
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
2
4
0
1
2
4
0
0
12
2
16
6
1
4
17
12
6
5
24
15
33
16
6
11
40
37
18
19
64
51
74
51
57
40
71
75
61
64
137
133
142
125
127
133
145
144
131
129
189
197
193
191
189
200
194
198
182
189
240
242
246
238
239
255
234
249
228
243
314
305
304
302
299
308
284
292
296
303
363
365
363
363
352
360
353
359
359
362
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
4
0
0
0
0
15
4
9
7
3
3
3
7
30
14
20
21
21
23
19
32
64
53
56
71
71
57
50
77
132
139
142
140
147
142
127
145
185
188
208
201
208
208
195
193
251
240
251
260
250
265
254
259
314
318
328
299
324
323
306
313
362
365
363
364
365
364
363
363
Continued
18
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 5 concluded.
Year
Threshold values (OF)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
--------------------------number of days
----------------------
1948
1949
1
0
5
0
13
13
37
35
75
76
140
131
200
192
234
242
309
319
364
365
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
13
11
8
2
2
2
3
7
7
9
31
32
26
10
15
35
18
21
31
29
72
86
70
53
47
82
59
67
71
82
144
153
149
129
112
136
137
141
152
149
199
205
200
195
184
183
190
182
202
213
258
251
255
243
239
243
231
248
243
258
333
325
294
314
281
294
300
304
313
317
365
365
360
363
348
357
364
360
365
363
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
2
6
7
0
2
2
1
2
0
16
11
15
19
4
6
15
4
10
10
40
27
32
38
25
39
35
31
42
27
83
72
73
75
103
86
89
88
96
69
139
155
137
135
158
137
162
171
150
146
195
218
190
182
211
197
213
215
220
199
251
262
245
230
263
249
265
267
267
245
320
317
320
292
315
327
326
345
325
317
364
364
365
362
359
365
365
365
365
364
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
6
2
6
0
0
0
4
4
5
9
19
7
13
7
10
16
21
17
28
20
41
25
38
37
26
31
51
40
96
75
85
52
71
93
71
93
89
76
167
150
151
140
142
160
163
144
144
153
221
210
209
214
209
217
210
195
212
204
259
264
255
263
263
264
265
239
252
259
321
331
333
331
326
323
324
308
325
321
363
363
365
365
365
364
365
361
363
365
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
0
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
5
9
4
4
0
0
5
11
11
10
16
13
7
18
4
1
16
24
28
23
31
32
24
44
14
20
38
40
78
61
91
67
62
80
63
71
81
103
151
131
155
151
162
151
144
161
160
163
207
196
206
210
209
211
202
204
210
218
254
252
262
261
250
259
258
256
256
267
311
322
318
303
324
331
324
333
317
329
365
362
363
365
364
365
365
365
364
365
1900 through 1989:
Avg.
0
2
Max.
2
11
Min.
0
0
10
24
1
28
51
6
72
103
40
144
171
112
202
221
182
252
272
228
318
348
281
363
365
348
1970 through 1989:
Avg.
0
3
Max.
2
11
Min.
0
0
12
24
1
32
51
14
78
103
52
152
167
131
209
221
195
258
267
239
323
333
303
364
365
361
19
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 6. Average monthly, seasonal, and yearly mean air temperatures (F)
recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1893-1989.
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Season1
Year
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
31.2
25.5
23.6
34.1
26.6
28.9
27.8
33.6
27.6
21.3
22.4
36.7
32.3
34.8
15.7
26.4
36.1
42.3
38.2
35.7
36.4
37.3
33.9
41.3
47.7
53.3
54.2
54.1
48.8
51.7
50.2
49.1
57.4
63.1
61.0
63.1
61.4
56.9
61.9
61.7
72.8
71.0
67.6
71.4
70.3
70.2
70.5
72.8
76.5
76.5
70.5
75.9
75.9
74.2
74.0
76.2
70.9
75.3
72.3
74.7
72.3
75.9
77.4
78.7
66.7
65.2
68.2
61.5
69.4
62.8
67.9
66.5
52.6
54.2
48.8
49.3
53.7
47.4
55.2
57.7
37.4
41.8
37.2
32.6
39.3
34.8
43.1
39.0
34.2
30.3
29.6
37.3
26.7
26.3
30.1
33.8
65.3
67.4
65.6
66.8
66.4
65.3
67.0
67.5
50.9
51.6
49.5
52.2
51.1
50.1
50.6
53.1
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
29.1
28.2
30.8
27.1
31.6
34.5
26.2
32.8
29.1
28.1
24.8
30.3
22.0
32.0
18.8
34.6
35.7
33.0
32.7
30.1
37.7
42.3
36.7
43.6
44.7
27.8
48.8
44.3
38.3
53.7
48.4
52.5
50.5
49.4
48.0
54.7
46.9
53.3
48.5
53.7
59.7
64.4
57.3
59.4
56.8
61.3
55.6
59.2
59.4
56.8
73.8
69.0
64.2
66.7
71.5
66.8
69.8
70.8
70.4
71.5
81.6
74.8
75.1
73.6
70.8
71.2
76.8
73.5
75.8
78.4
75.9
76.0
73.1
73.0
75.5
73.6
75.3
74.1
78.0
73.3
65.0
61.3
64.1
67.1
67.4
66.0
67.3
69.3
65.2
67.6
55.3
54.7
53.8
56.0
47.2
50.6
55.7
52.8
54.1
58.0
41.8
40.6
40.1
43.3
42.3
39.3
39.7
40.4
42.9
43.0
30.1
24.3
33.6
32.0
30.8
37.5
29.2
29.7
18.4
33.4
67.4
66.3
64.0
64.9
65.0
65.6
65.3
66.7
66.2
66.9
52.0
51.6
50.2
52.0
50.5
51.5
52.3
52.8
51.1
54.0
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
32.9
18.9
27.8
36.9
28.2
22.9
28.5
21.4
25.6
32.3
33.6
32.7
24.6
29.8
36.1
34.4
33.6
36.4
26.4
34.2
45.7
27.6
38.6
40.2
29.3
45.8
37.0
46.6
40.0
42.0
51.2
51.8
54.1
53.0
55.2
48.7
47.3
44.3
48.9
44.0
62.1
63.7
62.9
60.8
56.5
59.5
53.7
62.7
57.9
58.7
76.6
66.8
69.3
74.3
65.3
66.9
69.8
75.6
68.2
68.2
77.0
76.0
78.5
75.4
70.4
79.8
77.9
76.1
77.2
75.6
75.1
73.5
79.9
74.9
67.2
75.6
71.8
77.7
76.4
70.4
71.2
61.4
62.9
69.0
64.6
65.1
67.7
61.7
70.0
66.7
49.3
53.8
50.4
56.0
56.6
53.0
48.5
57.0
48.9
56.9
36.5
43.1
45.3
45.7
44.3
39.0
46.4
38.6
35.3
38.5
25.2
33.5
26.6
21.7
32.0
24.7
29.2
30.3
28.7
30.0
68.9
65.5
67.9
67.9
63.2
65.9
64.7
66.3
66.4
63.9
53.1
50.2
51.8
53.2
50.5
51.3
51.0
52.4
50.3
51.5
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
34.0
25.8
35.9
26.9
22.4
33.2
31.6
33.9
24.6
16.4
37.7
29.9
30.3
33.9
40.0
40.1
35.0
33.1
21.8
44.3
50.1
39.1
37.2
31.1
46.0
41.2
38.5
43.5
43.9
39.2
51.7
49.2
50.6
51.5
55.0
48.9
54.7
48.9
52.3
55.5
61.9
60.6
57.2
55.3
60.7
63.8
64.5
61.5
59.2
58.8
70.5
73.2
70.0
71.4
75.6
71.1
68.0
63.1
70.4
69.4
77.1
77.0
75.4
74.0
79.3
78.8
75.6
74.3
79.4
79.8
75.9
78.4
73.0
76.1
75.2
79.1
70.7
74.2
77.5
77.5
69.1
70.7
65.4
62.7
69.2
66.5
68.0
66.5
62.7
68.0
57.9
56.7
48.4
57.7
44.3
57.5
58.9
54.8
53.4
52.0
42.3
41.4
43.2
42.5
41.3
38.4
43.2
40.6
31.2
40.0
33.2
32.3
30.7
20.3
32.6
29.8
24.2
33.3
34.5
32.6
67.7
68.2
65.2
65.1
69.2
68.0
66.9
64.7
66.9
68.2
55.1
52.9
51.5
50.3
53.5
54.1
52.7
52.4
51.0
52.8
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
35.5
24.6
36.0
35.5
36.0
27.1
17.2
33.3
36.3
14.6
40.1
36.0
29.3
35.2
35.8
19.4
33.1
35.8
26.3
30.8
35.9
34.5
44.6
43.1
46.8
43.3
37.7
47.3
41.3
41.2
50.3
53.9
51.6
54.7
49.3
50.8
51.4
52.3
51.8
50.6
57.9
63.6
59.4
69.7
54.8
64.5
64.1
60.9
66.0
60.7
75.0
70.0
78.1
76.0
69.2
76.1
70.9
72.4
72.8
73.2
77.0
81.3
78.6
84.0
83.1
83.1
80.0
79.3
81.4
80.3
74.1
76.7
73.4
79.8
79.4
80.9
81.3
81.5
76.2
73.9
73.6
66.8
70.7
63.5
68.3
68.8
69.0
70.9
71.6
68.7
58.6
52.1
55.8
59.5
54.4
52.5
55.5
61.8
56.4
59.2
41.1
41.5
44.9
45.0
37.2
41.7
40.5
39.3
42.5
36.8
30.2
24.1
39.6
33.1
32.1
34.4
31.1
34.4
38.4
35.1
68.0
68.7
68.6
71.3
67.3
70.7
69.4
69.5
70.0
67.9
54.1
52.1
55.2
56.6
53.9
53.6
52.7
55.8
55.2
52.1
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
31.5
24.5
30.3
31.7
31.7
32.9
28.1
38.4
31.0
34.2
39.0
39.8
37.5
34.3
46.4
50.6
53.4
54.9
43.7
47.2
64.1
58.1
57.1
62.7
58.4
68.4
67.9
71.5
69.9
63.7
75.0
77.7
80.3
73.9
76.9
75.4
75.5
80.7
74.9
75.8
67.2
63.5
65.9
66.0
65.5
53.5
54.8
52.9
55.0
55.7
43.0
41.2
40.6
40.2
42.5
32.1
32.2
31.2
30.0
27.7
66.8
66.0
68.4
65.2
64.6
52.8
51.4
53.5
51.2
52.2
Continued
20
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 6 concluded.
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Mar
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Season1
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
32.9
31.0
27.3
17.8
26.3
38.1
28.6
28.0
31.1
37.4
47.1
35.5
32.2
39.5
37.8
58.0
48.5
56.3
50.8
48.1
57.0
57.4
61.0
62.6
58.5
71.7
66.2
69.4
70.7
72.0
78.1
76.3
76.2
76.9
71.9
75.5
79.1
75.9
73.5
70.1
68.0
70.2
70.1
63.5
63.6
52.0
60.6
54.5
52.1
58.8
37.2
35.1
36.5
46.2
38.7
36.3
30.6
30.2
32.1
35.1
68.0
66.3
68.1
66.3
64.0
54.3
51.6
51.5
51.4
51.5
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1953
1959
1960
28.4
32.9
39.4
29.0
26.6
29.5
21.1
30.5
25.3
23.6
35.0
35.8
35.4
45.2
27.4
29.6
37.3
28.6
27.8
21.3
35.7
33.9
44.0
37.7
38.2
42.0
37.5
24.2
37.4
29.5
46.9
49.1
46.7
56.0
54.5
48.1
46.9
45.8
48.4
52.4
60.9
59.9
58.9
57.0
63.1
65.0
57.5
62.6
60.3
58.6
63.3
78.1
75.3
75.3
66.9
77.7
67.9
69.8
74.1
69.1
73.0
77.2
76.9
82.2
81.3
77.0
78.8
72.4
74.0
74.2
74.3
76.5
73.6
77.2
78.5
75.9
76.4
75.0
77.8
75.5
62.8
69.0
69.1
71.7
67.8
69.2
62.9
68.4
62.2
67.8
52.5
53.2
57.9
53.1
56.9
59.1
52.8
54.0
48.7
55.3
37.4
36.3
41.8
44.7
37.1
39.3
36.8
38.7
34.9
40.3
28.2
29.8
29.9
34.7
29.3
36.0
37.1
31.1
33.8
28.6
63.5
68.3
66.7
69.9
68.7
68.8
65.0
65.6
66.1
66.3
49.9
52.7
54.1
55.3
52.4
54.1
51.1
50.1
50.4
49.7
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
28.6
23.0
17.2
31.9
30.8
20.4
31.3
26.4
24.9
25.2
34.7
33.7
35.8
27.7
27.4
25.2
33.1
30.7
30.1
35.3
39.5
34.5
41.5
34.6
27.5
41.0
42.1
42.2
28.4
32.2
44.8
50.7
54.1
49.0
54.0
46.0
51.1
48.0
52.4
46.8
56.4
65.6
63.1
62.2
63.2
60.1
54.6
54.5
61.2
62.8
69.5
67.6
75.2
68.7
68.8
70.1
66.0
71.7
65.0
69.1
76.4
74.8
80.0
80.1
76.2
78.4
72.8
75.2
77.2
76.4
74.4
75.4
76.5
74.0
72.3
70.1
71.2
72.1
74.4
77.0
60.6
62.9
68.8
66.4
55.6
63.8
62.8
64.2
66.7
62.0
51.5
55.2
61.8
53.7
55.1
51.0
52.2
53.6
45.4
47.6
34.4
40.9
40.9
39.4
43.0
38.7
37.5
37.3
39.9
37.4
24.6
33.1
23.8
29.3
30.9
26.6
26.5
22.1
31.1
31.6
63.7
66.1
69.6
66.7
65.0
64.8
63.1
64.2
66.1
65.7
49.6
51.5
53.2
51.4
50.5
49.3
50.1
49.8
49.7
50.3
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
27.3
24.9
25.7
21.6
28.8
27.9
20.2
16.1
14.6
23.6
28.3
31.6
31.9
33.5
25.9
38.1
35.3
16.9
26.9
28.0
37.8
44.2
40.7
40.2
33.1
37.5
38.9
37.3
40.5
33.2
48.8
48.9
44.3
49.1
48.0
50.7
52.2
51.6
50.4
46.7
56.2
58.7
56.3
62.5
59.1
55.5
63.4
57.5
56.7
57.2
73.7
71.4
69.9
69.0
66.8
69.8
73.1
70.2
68.2
72.9
73.1
72.5
73.8
78.7
75.7
76.1
77.2
78.3
75.8
80.7
73.6
71.2
75.4
69.2
74.6
74.6
71.9
72.9
71.4
76.3
61.3
64.3
59.8
59.0
62.4
63.7
66.8
67.4
67.2
66.0
52.8
49.8
53.0
53.8
52.4
46.1
51.9
52.5
54.4
51.3
39.1
32.2
37.2
38.5
35.9
34.9
38.6
36.1
33.3
39.6
30.3
21.1
29.3
27.2
30.9
31.6
30.1
25.4
34.1
34.6
64.4
64.5
63.2
64.6
64.4
65.0
67.4
66.3
64.9
66.6
50.2
49.3
49.8
50.2
49.5
50.5
51.7
48.6
49.5
50.9
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
30.7
23.1
28.2
24.5
22.3
36.4
29.4
20.0
31.1
30.2
25.8
34.0
34.3
25.2
33.1
36.4
28.8
21.6
39.7
38.9
37.6
35.2
41.6
45.1
36.0
38.4
37.4
55.1
46.7
43.1
43.7
52.8
51.9
49.3
46.5
50.5
55.5
58.2
53.9
59.3
61.6
59.3
61.9
61.0
59.8
72.5
63.7
66.1
70.1
67.5
71.6
72.1
75.7
65.1
75.7
75.4
78.1
76.6
75.9
76.6
74.7
75.5
74.5
71.6
74.9
79.7
75.5
70.6
73.1
71.8
75.1
71.6
65.9
64.5
67.7
61.8
61.5
65.5
63.2
64.0
61.7
51.2
50.5
53.0
48.6
48.7
51.2
50.4
50.1
51.8
42.0
36.3
38.5
39.6
29.6
37.0
39.5
40.0
39.3
31.8
30.9
12.7
27.6
24.4
30.6
29.7
32.9
23.9
66.0
63.9
64.8
64.5
65.0
66.3
65.5
66.3
63.8
51.9
49.1
49.4
49.7
48.5
52.6
51.2
50.7
49.0
1893 through
Avg. 27.7
Max. 39.4
Min. 14.6
1989:
31.2 39.0
45.2 53.7
15.7 24.2
50.3
58.0
43.1
60.0
69.7
53.7
70.4
78.1
63.1
76.8
84.0
70.4
74.9
81.5
67.2
65.9
73.6
55.6
53.6
61.8
44.3
39.5
46.4
29.6
30.1
39.6
12.7
66.3
71.3
63.1
51.6
56.6
48.5
1970 through
Avg. 25.1
Max. 36.4
Min. 14.6
1989:
30.0 38.3
38.1 45.1
16.9 32.2
48.8
55.1
43.1
58.8
63.4
53.9
69.9
75.7
63.7
76.0
80.7
72.5
73.6
79.7
69.2
63.8
67.7
59.0
51.0
54.4
46.1
37.2
42.0
29.6
28.5
34.6
12.7
65.1
67.4
63.2
50.1
52.6
48.5
1
Middle six months of the year.
21
Year
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7. Record air temperatures, year of occurrence, and number of times each
was recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1893-1989.
Month
Day
Daily maximum
High Year
No.
Low Year
No.
Daily minimum
High Year No.
Low
Year
No.
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Max
Min
71
69
67
70
72
67
73
71
70
73
70
81
70
68
70
72
71
73
70
71
72
77
75
68
71
74
73
67
72
66
71
81
66
1939
1922
1964
1956
1927
1902
1948
1965
1916
1928
1953
1953
1928
1900
1943
1894
1950
1920
1911
1950
1950
1943
1967
1981
1970
1920
1982
1986
1920
1971
1911
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
0
6
2
2
4
-2
2
6
3
-2
-4
2
6
0
-1
-4
-3
4
3
8
6
12
2
7
9
5
2
0
6
2
12
-4
1911
1911
1968
1959
1974
1940
1937
1937
1988
1962
1918
1963
1963
1979
1930
1930
1930
1943
1962
1978
1978
1962
1940
1949
1957
1897
1972
1966
1951
1966
1985
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
31
35
38
37
36
34
35
36
33
35
32
42
36
42
33
32
34
37
33
32
32
32
34
31
32
34
30
33
36
37
33
42
30
1897
1918
1927
1893
1893
1927
1893
1923
1939
1953
1928
1953
1953
1952
1914
1896
1906
1934
1906
1921
1950
1943
1909
1980
1953
1914
1914
1934
1914
1896
1925
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-18
-17
-22
-24
-22
-24
-19
-18
-13
-10
-22
-28
-20
-15
-15
-15
-17
-23
-21
-18
-19
-17
-12
-26
-12
-20
-15
-14
-13
-14
-18
-10
-28
1901
1942
1911
1959
1942
1912
1988
1988
1973
1988
1918
1912
1905
1979
1979
1930
1930
1984
1984
1984
1984
1966
1915
1894
1957
1950
1963
1948
1951
1918
1918
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
70
71
70
75
77
73
72
76
71
77
76
83
79
74
76
72
72
81
77
1953
1963
1909
1962
1904
1963
1943
1943
1954
1951
1951
1911
1962
1945
1967
1898
1961
1970
1930
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
-3
-4
-3
-7
5
3
-4
1
8
-5
-2
14
5
10
12
10
22
12
1905
1905
1905
1989
1989
1989
1933
1933
1933
1905
1905
1905
1895
1909
1936
1938
1936
1944
1955
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
36
36
37
35
35
38
35
36
36
46
36
37
42
38
42
37
35
34
35
1911
1934
1927
1925
1954
1918
1928
1954
1945
1976
1908
1961
1962
1954
1954
1934
1931
1907
1935
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-21
-15
-17
-23
-22
-22
-20
-23
-22
-13
-24
-31
-20
-9
-13
-11
-13
-10
-1
1951
1902
1989
1899
1899
1982
1895
1936
1933
1933
1899
1899
1905
1936
1895
1903
1978
1978
1894
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Continued
22
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 continued.
Month
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Day
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Max
Min
Daily maximum
High Year No.
Low Year No.
75
74
76
78
76
77
76
77
80
80
83
70
1930
1972
1943
1918
1958
1917
1986
1904
1932
1972
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
14
15
11
7
12
13
11
8
12
22
-7
1894
1894
1957
1960
1965
1960
1960
1962
1922
1960
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Max
Min
81
90
80
84
83
77
89
82
86
82
87
84
78
82
79
81
83
90
90
88
89
87
88
85
86
94
82
88
90
91
91
94
77
1972
1935
1974
1921
1910
1934
1901
1899
1904
1989
1989
1972
1946
1935
1935
1908
1916
1921
1921
1907
1907
1910
1910
1907
1907
1907
1989
1988
1943
1943
1946
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
15
13
15
10
7
18
10
12
15
6
19
12
21
21
16
11
21
14
21
25
25
22
29
16
13
15
10
22
15
23
28
29
6
1962
1980
1960
1989
1960
1989
1932
1932
1932
1948
1948
1906
1906
1937
1906
1906
1906
1923
1965
1965
1983
1952
1983
1965
1965
1965
1931
1970
1987
1987
1985
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
87
86
88
89
86
88
86
1940
1921
1929
1929
1932
1893
1952
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
20
20
27
31
33
36
25
1936
1975
1945
1983
1983
1983
1938
High
Daily minimum
Year No.
Low Year No.
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
34
35
44
37
44
36
38
40
39
40
46
34
1930
1930
1906
1918
1951
1954
1895
1948
1902
1932
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-4
-7
-4
-6
-12
-20
-9
-10
-17
-16
-1
-31
1918
1978
1914
1914
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
40
40
38
42
45
37
38
38
43
41
44
48
46
44
47
46
42
50
43
44
50
52
52
49
46
54
49
46
53
53
46
54
37
1932
1938
1973
1894
1983
1902
1893
1902
1904
1955
1954
1946
1938
1946
1905
1930
1933
1903
1907
1918
1907
1920
1910
1928
1948
1910
1896
1925
1933
1967
1925
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-14
-11
-22
-18
-9
-19
-13
-4
-5
-5
-20
-3
2
-11
-2
0
-6
-3
-3
-14
-4
2
-1
-2
2
1
-1
0
4
-4
0
4
-22
1960
1943
1960
1960
1960
1948
1920
1967
1969
1948
1948
1969
1951
1895
1912
1895
1906
1958
1923
1965
1965
1898
1898
1974
1965
1965
1931
1899
1987
1987
1901
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-4
-1
11
12
15
8
14
1936
1936
1975
1977
1968
1936
1961
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
55
55
48
49
56
48
52
1963
1963
1907
1969
1929
1907
1927
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Continued
23
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 continued.
Month
Day
High
Daily maximum
Year No.
Low Year
No.
Daily minimum
High Year No.
Low Year
No.
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Max
Min
89
93
90
89
89
87
86
86
90
88
92
92
95
89
93
98
94
92
91
91
97
89
89
97
86
1978
1930
1899
1977
1899
1936
1940
1913
1963
1946
1948
1946
1902
1989
1937
1989
1906
1989
1927
1989
1910
1934
1967
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
4
28
29
30
25
31
30
32
34
39
35
43
37
32
40
40
43
35
36
41
34
37
39
35
43
20
1973
1973
1973
1900
1957
1957
1983
1945
1973
1905
1953
1941
1966
1959
1944
1931
1931
1919
1973
1932
1917
1917
1893
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
56
53
60
57
53
55
54
57
50
53
56
58
52
58
54
58
59
57
59
62
53
58
61
62
48
1906
1978
1945
1896
1941
1938
1898
1898
1894
1894
1979
1979
1936
1932
1913
1939
1939
1938
1914
1975
1901
1910
1955
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
14
5
7
11
14
13
12
15
17
18
19
19
13
16
26
25
24
23
22
23
16
5
26
-4
1914
1973
1989
1989
1940
1928
1893
1905
1951
1907
1953
1953
1966
1899
1899
1988
1958
1910
1907
1924
1965
1908
1907
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
94
97
96
92
96
96
94
95
98
92
92
99
99
97
97
93
102
96
97
96
97
98
98
98
98
98
100
100
100
1928
1902
1965
1924
1936
1916
1934
1934
1911
1893
1967
1962
1962
1941
1931
1944
1927
1893
1934
1956
1934
1939
1939
1953
1967
1967
1895
1895
1934
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
38
38
44
39
39
41
41
49
50
45
45
51
42
46
43
52
49
45
40
40
45
50
53
50
51
50
55
51
57
1954
1954
1907
1967
1967
1967
1978
1981
1936
1979
1979
1953
1966
1983
1920
1914
1980
1930
1915
1915
1931
1968
1988
1968
1976
1950
1918
1973
1930
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
64
60
60
58
60
62
61
61
64
67
58
62
65
65
65
63
60
59
60
67
63
65
62
67
64
63
63
62
68
1938
1959
1912
1949
1936
1896
1896
1934
1934
1956
1963
1963
1962
1915
1911
1962
1902
1927
1937
1974
1907
1927
1932
1939
1967
1912
1929
1937
1956
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
17
20
22
26
26
27
24
27
30
27
26
27
26
26
25
28
29
30
28
29
29
29
29
34
36
26
22
33
32
1909
1967
1907
1917
1944
1944
1917
1975
1909
1981
1979
1953
1966
1953
1907
1945
1976
1942
1894
1931
1915
1931
1893
1966
1946
1901
1907
1947
1947
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Continued
24
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 continued.
Month
May
May
Day
30
31
Max
Min
Daily maximum
High Year No.
Low Year No.
Daily minimum
High Year No.
Low Year No.
98
92
102
92
1989
1955
2
3
52
54
57
38
1964
1964
1
1
64
64
68
58
1934
1923
1
1
36
36
36
17
1906
1964
1
1
1899
1911
1953
1958
1960
1933
1969
1911
1985
1902
1918
1950
1952
1952
1946
1946
1939
1936
1988
1988
1988
1988
1943
1943
1971
1936
1971
1933
1970
1933
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
45
53
51
48
53
54
63
60
50
54
56
55
50
60
53
56
61
59
60
66
68
58
68
62
66
64
68
61
65
65
68
45
1919
1967
1962
1919
1945
1943
1945
1960
1979
1979
1975
1969
1927
1927
1969
1961
1969
1920
1948
1902
1942
1942
1942
1967
1967
1958
1985
1895
1951
1959
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
64
64
67
70
69
70
67
69
68
70
72
69
70
70
73
68
70
72
78
72
71
70
72
74
70
71
73
73
76
75
78
64
1902
1911
1958
1925
1925
1934
1914
1911
1893
1954
1952
1956
1952
1952
1907
1907
1910
1954
1936
1954
1936
1910
1937
1954
1963
1901
1934
1934
1933
1961
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
36
33
36
38
39
36
35
40
39
41
35
41
37
40
35
40
44
42
39
42
35
43
45
43
44
42
39
41
44
41
45
33
1917
1969
1951
1916
1970
1894
1916
1906
1966
1979
1903
1985
1947
1969
1989
1981
1945
1895
1985
1946
1902
1985
1916
1940
1958
1958
1904
1985
1908
1918
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
72
63
69
66
63
65
67
72
71
59
60
62
66
70
74
69
74
1924
1940
1915
1972
1967
1967
1960
1929
1895
1895
1951
1951
1987
1952
1973
1972
1958
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
70
74
74
72
72
75
71
72
73
75
72
72
79
80
73
73
73
1911
1954
1957
1936
1964
1913
1954
1897
1901
1954
1936
1954
1938
1913
1934
1954
1982
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
47
43
44
42
46
49
44
46
38
42
46
47
44
45
47
50
49
1989
1924
1924
1915
1931
1924
1908
1952
1905
1905
1905
1975
1987
1943
1898
1917
1900
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
Jun
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Max
Min
96
98
97
98
98
100
103
102
105
105
104
105
103
103
109
107
103
107
105
106
106
106
105
107
110
108
106
105
106
107
110
96
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
106
104
107
109
106
108
106
106
107
108
110
106
111
109
108
107
107
1963
1973
1934
1969
1911
1964
1973
1957
1978
1938
1954
1954
1934
1934
1925
1932
1930
Continued
25
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 continued.
Month
Day
Daily maximum
High Year
No.
Low Year
No.
High Year
Daily minimum___________
No.
Low Year
No.
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Max
Min
107
107
108
106
107
105
111
113
107
108
109
105
109
108
113
104
1936
1926
1934
1943
1934
1940
1936
1940
1894
1931
1943
1947
1935
1935
2
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
71
69
72
63
71
68
68
76
68
66
73
65
70
62
76
59
1979
1914
1988
1973
1895
1947
1947
1965
1977
1977
1968
1899
1982
1903
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
74
71
80
74
74
73
74
76
72
80
73
72
73
74
80
70
1932
1977
1936
1934
1934
1934
1963
1936
1955
1914
1917
1917
1955
1945
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
51
50
43
45
51
51
50
48
53
51
52
51
43
44
53
38
1911
1902
1900
1894
1989
1904
1911
1911
1900
1950
1969
1971
1971
1925
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Max
Min
108
107
108
106
107
109
108
109
110
106
109
107
107
103
105
106
106
106
105
104
106
106
106
108
103
107
105
107
102
104
104
110
102
1935
1938
1916
1918
1934
1934
1935
1934
1938
1947
1935
1943
1936
1937
1935
1929
1902
1936
1986
1900
1899
1938
1943
1943
1926
1926
1899
1899
1947
1922
1926
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
69
68
70
62
62
67
70
74
70
67
58
67
68
64
55
60
68
70
69
59
67
69
65
63
61
67
66
63
61
64
61
74
55
1968
1927
1933
1978
1948
1974
1954
1989
1927
1960
1982
1982
1946
1975
1979
1979
1957
1981
1956
1956
1951
1945
1987
1987
1972
1969
1980
1974
1946
1968
1910
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
75
74
75
74
73
74
74
70
77
70
70
73
70
72
73
71
69
72
72
70
69
75
72
73
72
71
70
71
68
70
70
77
68
1964
1938
1938
1954
1934
1916
1938
1909
1938
1934
1936
1919
1938
1936
1937
1937
1902
1934
1935
1948
1910
1899
1926
1948
1940
1955
1936
1937
1928
1939
1934
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
46
50
45
49
51
46
51
44
49
47
46
48
40
44
49
50
48
42
45
43
46
39
41
41
41
41
44
39
41
40
41
51
39
1925
1927
1974
1894
1894
1974
1974
1989
1989
1985
1931
1964
1920
1920
1979
1979
1944
1927
1960
1908
1964
1904
1964
1928
1910
1910
1967
1911
1976
1915
1944
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
1
2
3
4
105
104
105
107
1911
1939
1947
1899
1
1
1
1
62
54
59
54
1965
1974
1972
1961
1
1
1
1
70
73
70
68
1964
1964
1939
1899
1
1
1
1
40
39
32
36
1908
1962
1974
1974
1
1
1
1
Continued
26
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 continued.
Month
Day
Daily maximum
High Year
No.
Low
Year
No.
Daily minimum___________
High Year
No. Low Year
No.
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Max
Min
108
105
102
103
101
102
106
104
100
100
98
98
99
99
103
101
97
97
97
95
96
95
96
98
95
97
108
95
1931
1931
1959
1971
1931
1964
1911
1911
1955
1935
1955
1955
1947
1932
1920
1980
1986
1939
1938
1979
1966
1901
1904
1921
1931
1938
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
63
51
48
52
59
40
46
45
41
47
52
48
43
43
49
48
45
52
46
43
46
38
44
39
38
36
63
36
1962
1929
1929
1929
1907
1898
1898
1989
1989
1970
1970
1973
1973
1971
1971
1965
1965
1925
1971
1965
1955
1927
1965
1945
1985
1985
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
69
70
79
70
70
67
67
71
70
72
67
70
69
71
68
64
64
66
67
63
63
59
63
64
62
64
79
59
1946
1899
1913
1912
1964
1930
1931
1939
1939
1939
1939
1931
1955
1947
1925
1940
1956
1929
1937
1915
1915
1946
1904
1956
1925
1893
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
40
39
28
34
34
32
36
28
31
28
33
28
26
35
31
32
23
24
29
29
21
21
26
29
25
21
40
21
1962
1956
1898
1909
1941
1898
1894
1902
1974
1904
1961
1903
1903
1912
1971
1943
1983
1983
1989
1989
1926
1942
1908
1976
1895
1985
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
96
93
94
95
96
92
95
91
91
96
90
92
94
94
93
94
96
90
90
92
93
87
89
86
87
92
86
1899
1938
1916
1967
1900
1932
1916
1979
1928
1920
1955
1989
1975
1921
1921
1921
1926
1927
1903
1947
1921
1899
1927
1921
1940
1922
1933
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
44
40
42
52
40
41
43
38
36
35
39
34
30
34
38
36
38
39
38
37
33
35
33
38
35
30
22
1959
1959
1902
1950
1988
1988
1988
1970
1970
1985
1987
1986
1969
1969
1966
1966
1984
1925
1930
1972
1930
1936
1906
1916
1919
1919
1925
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
63
63
64
58
61
57
58
57
60
62
60
58
60
62
58
61
56
54
54
57
57
57
51
58
49
51
53
1971
1910
1954
1897
1922
1947
1918
1905
1904
1931
1924
1956
1956
1913
1935
1938
1938
1920
1918
1920
1941
1914
1963
1899
1897
1971
1940
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
25
26
30
23
20
20
19
24
25
17
19
22
24
20
21
19
22
17
8
13
12
7
19
16
18
10
1985
1985
1899
1903
1932
1952
1952
1894
1970
1970
1896
1909
1977
1893
1966
1976
1922
1898
1989
1905
1905
1905
1917
1980
1975
1898
1925
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Continued
27
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 continued.
Month
Day
Daily maximum
High Year No.
Low Year
No.
Daily minimum__________
High Year No.
Low Year No.
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
28
29
30
31
Max
Min
88
89
88
87
96
86
1943
1937
1950
1950
1
1
1
1
30
24
30
27
52
22
1925
1917
1971
1972
1
1
1
1
51
55
55
49
64
49
1912
1922
1901
1933
1
1
1
1
12
7
4
12
30
4
1910
1917
1952
1905
2
2
1
1
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Max
Min
79
85
82
80
84
83
84
82
80
87
78
76
78
78
81
81
80
76
78
78
69
75
79
75
76
77
78
71
75
75
87
69
1914
1931
1915
1945
1945
1915
1980
1931
1914
1927
1902
1971
1932
1894
1941
1941
1943
1981
1897
1989
1955
1924
1925
1915
1910
1960
1904
1960
1932
1932
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
31
30
31
27
29
27
25
34
27
21
21
18
15
15
23
27
18
25
19
19
16
15
16
24
22
18
8
11
22
14
34
8
1972
1951
1935
1967
1973
1959
1936
1929
1950
1985
1986
1940
1916
1959
1909
1955
1959
1958
1900
1978
1978
1931
1895
1918
1952
1975
1919
1976
1985
1985
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
52
45
46
45
52
45
48
43
46
50
43
41
43
40
46
47
43
43
43
43
40
38
45
40
52
56
37
43
43
45
56
37
1938
1903
1903
1918
1918
1944
1915
1977
1931
1922
1912
1894
1928
1906
1917
1917
1934
1941
1913
1899
1917
1917
1905
1944
1909
1909
1922
1949
1962
1962
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
0
4
11
8
9
10
9
13
0
2
0
-5
-10
4
-1
2
-5
4
5
-5
-5
-2
0
7
-3
-5
-11
-7
1
13
-11
1935
1951
1899
1967
1967
1961
1938
1896
1913
1898
1911
1911
1940
1940
1920
1955
1894
1903
1937
1929
1898
1929
1941
1950
1931
1975
1952
1896
1896
1983
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
80
75
68
74
77
82
76
70
78
67
79
68
78
72
70
1917
1926
1988
1946
1939
1939
1923
1940
1939
1957
1939
1921
1921
1988
1946
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
9
9
8
13
11
7
8
10
0
5
5
5
10
5
18
1985
1985
1897
1972
1909
1972
1972
1978
1932
1972
1932
1961
1961
1926
1975
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
40
35
34
40
35
35
36
40
34
39
34
45
38
33
37
1913
1913
1910
1913
1918
1939
1925
1938
1939
1939
1939
1939
1921
1924
1946
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-1
-6
-5
-4
-8
-14
-14
-12
-20
-17
-15
-21
-14
-16
-12
1985
1985
1919
1902
1909
1972
1909
1917
1919
1972
1932
1932
1961
1901
1989
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Continued
28
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 7 concluded.
Daily maximum
High Year No.
Low Year
Month
Day
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
68
76
76
71
73
72
69
74
83
75
64
73
74
65
73
73
Max
Min
83
64
1939
1939
1980
1979
1894
1933
1933
1901
1964
1950
1971
1928
1980
1923
1921
1904
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
4
6
3
-6
-6
2
-4
1
9
14
14
9
12
1
No.
High
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
38
37
41
32
33
34
35
35
44
36
36
38
35
35
31
41
1989
1924
1983
1924
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1894
1983
1983
1978
1968
18
-6
45
31
29
Daily minimum__________
Year No.
Low
Year No.
1980
1939
1939
1913
1894
1933
1955
1933
1955
1950
1928
1919
1984
1897
1956
1896
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-10
-14
-11
-18
-13
-15
-32
-30
-15
-14
-8
-10
-16
-11
-9
-21
-1
-32
1989
1897
1983
1989
1924
1983
1989
1989
1983
1983
1962
1894
1894
1954
1911
1898
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 8. Number of days the recorded maximum air
temperature equaled or exceeded 100F by month and year at
the Colby weather stations.
Number of 100-degree days______________________________
Sep Total
Year May Jun Jul Aug Sep Total_
Year
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
2
2
5
8
0
0
5
2
1
10
0
2
0
6
0
5
9
10
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
7
11
6
7
5
7
16
22
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
5
9
0
7
11
6
0
1
0
14
2
4
8
9
4
1
0
0
0
2
2
4
1
0
0
27
2
13
25
19
5
2
5
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
18
4
2
1
1
0
6
0
0
8
4
6
1
1
6
1
0
1
2
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
30
12
4
3
7
1
6
3
2
16
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
5
3
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
6
5
10
9
5
5
2
2
1
0
7
0
5
5
5
3
0
8
5
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
3
0
1
20
10
19
15
14
8
3
13
6
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
8
2
7
0
0
7
8
3
6
1
10
4
11
2
0
7
2
8
4
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
1
29
7
18
2
0
16
14
16
11
2
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
6
0
8
9
6
5
4
3
3
3
1
2
3
6
2
0
0
0
3
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
2
15
19
8
5
4
6
8
10
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
4
3
2
0
1
0
2
9
1
6
13
7
4
1
10
15
6
5
0
3
1
12
0
0
5
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
8
17
1
11
18
22
8
1
17
18
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
2
0
1
0
2
2
2
2
0
3
3
0
3
2
9
2
14
0
0
2
0
1
2
0
3
0
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
8
0
6
5
2
6
2
14
4
21
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
7
3
1
11
4
3
2
4
8
14
5
21
15
19
7
7
12
13
1
1
1
11
13
16
12
16
2
2
6
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
2
0
18
16
13
36
31
47
23
27
18
19
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
1
0
9
0
2
1
3
2
4
5
1
3
2
1
0
5
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
6
1
8
4
9
7
3
14
2
1941
1942
0
0
0
0
1
10
0
1
1
0
2
11
1.7
11
0
5.2
21
0
3.6
16
0
0.6
6
0
11.1
47
0
Avg. 0.0
Max. 2
Min. 0
30
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 9. Date of last “freeze” in the spring, the first in
the fall, and the resultant length of the “season”
recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1900-89.
Year
Reference temperature, F______________
_
Last in spring
First in fall
32
28
24
20
16
32
28
24
20
16
---------------- day of the year --------------
Length of “season”______
32-32 28-28 24-24 20-20 16-16_
----------- days -----------
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
140
146
116
123
135
137
126
147
129
129
137
103
146
101
120
135
111
104
147
120
121
123
103
96
97
120
108
111
82
147
120
121
115
101
90
90
120
103
105
80
120
120
121
69
101
90
76
86
88
105
79
120
120
72
55
280
263
255
259
258
274
279
285
271
284
293
280
289
255
259
258
283
283
306
271
285
293
281
289
309
281
299
284
297
312
297
285
294
312
307
318
315
299
288
303
314
316
285
301
318
307
320
321
299
293
322
315
316
318
301
140
117
139
136
123
137
153
138
142
155
156
177
143
154
139
123
172
179
159
151
164
170
173
193
212
161
191
173
215
165
177
164
179
211
217
228
195
196
183
223
194
196
164
232
217
217
244
235
211
188
243
195
196
246
246
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
123
135
105
133
141
137
128
130
115
121
122
109
103
102
90
118
128
120
107
118
104
109
102
101
89
100
127
82
100
104
104
84
36
99
85
100
98
82
67
96
60
84
86
98
85
99
98
60
67
95
281
269
264
286
278
272
281
298
283
270
292
269
292
288
278
293
281
300
283
274
292
296
294
288
316
293
281
304
299
301
304
329
302
312
316
294
296
323
301
302
305
332
302
312
318
294
296
327
301
316
158
134
159
153
137
135
153
168
168
149
170
160
189
186
188
175
153
180
176
156
188
187
192
187
227
193
154
222
199
197
200
245
216
213
231
194
198
241
234
206
245
248
216
214
233
195
198
267
234
221
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
123
119
136
136
121
118
112
113
136
139
119
101
114
118
121
115
111
106
102
92
107
101
98
118
78
95
111
105
101
91
100
101
98
92
72
93
80
105
91
91
100
87
90
80
72
93
80
104
60
88
276
281
286
273
283
268
269
269
295
290
305
290
292
305
292
268
306
296
297
303
313
290
294
311
292
268
310
296
304
311
323
290
303
311
292
308
319
307
314
320
323
317
333
312
300
322
320
325
317
320
153
162
150
137
162
150
157
156
159
151
186
189
178
187
171
153
195
190
195
211
206
189
196
193
214
173
199
191
203
220
223
189
205
219
220
215
239
202
223
229
223
230
243
232
228
229
240
221
257
232
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
142
137
105
111
125
113
117
128
111
136
114
102
104
110
108
98
117
99
111
109
111
90
104
89
102
98
99
99
101
103
90
81
104
89
66
97
87
99
101
103
90
81
96
83
66
97
87
65
96
103
301
279
281
264
283
281
295
293
283
289
303
279
298
301
296
295
307
296
301
289
304
279
309
318
296
296
318
296
301
310
304
303
309
330
304
296
321
296
303
315
304
320
310
332
305
296
322
296
307
315
159
142
176
153
158
168
178
165
172
153
189
177
194
191
188
197
190
197
190
180
193
189
205
229
194
198
219
197
200
207
214
222
205
241
238
199
234
197
202
212
214
239
214
249
239
199
235
231
211
212
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
111
138
136
127
136
131
149
133
111
100
109
127
136
82
106
99
110
99
80
109
95
69
87
93
76
88
80
109
95
67
74
87
76
59
80
89
94
67
74
73
280
269
263
285
271
266
297
285
301
269
288
286
272
284
301
285
310
269
288
308
295
314
309
285
312
299
299
321
313
314
309
314
325
326
320
321
313
314
311
325
169
131
127
158
135
135
148
152
190
169
179
159
136
202
195
186
200
170
208
199
200
245
222
192
236
211
219
212
218
247
235
227
249
267
240
232
219
247
237
252
Continued
31
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 9 concluded.
_____
Year
Reference temperature, F_____________
Last in spring
First in fall
32
28
24
20
16
32
28
24
20
16
--------------- day of the year ----------------
Length of “season”_____
32-32 28-28 24-24 20-20 16-16_
---------- days ---------
1949
1950
105
147
105
120
94
120
91
103
91
79
293
296
295
307
304
307
325
313
325
313
183
149
190
187
210
187
234
210
234
234
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
127
132
134
123
118
121
104
118
112
121
112
105
134
123
97
120
104
114
112
121
106
101
110
93
97
120
102
89
103
90
106
101
110
93
87
76
99
79
103
78
106
83
102
88
87
76
66
79
103
77
271
280
277
288
296
295
297
274
274
293
295
280
310
300
303
308
298
283
290
305
304
280
312
304
306
313
299
305
300
314
306
280
324
306
312
313
313
321
300
314
306
315
325
306
319
321
323
322
309
314
144
148
143
165
178
174
193
156
162
172
183
175
176
177
206
188
194
169
178
184
198
179
202
211
209
193
197
216
197
224
200
179
214
213
225
237
214
242
197
236
200
232
223
218
232
245
257
243
206
237
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
114
121
120
106
130
133
135
120
119
135
107
99
94
105
118
133
124
115
118
114
107
92
94
99
118
111
122
105
90
106
99
92
74
99
89
110
122
105
89
94
97
92
74
86
86
83
77
96
88
88
268
289
301
271
267
274
270
280
285
269
292
298
305
279
308
288
283
296
285
281
296
309
305
293
308
288
298
312
313
282
307
312
305
324
331
288
304
312
318
319
307
322
317
326
349
306
307
316
318
327
154
168
181
165
137
141
135
160
166
134
185
199
211
174
190
155
159
181
167
167
189
217
211
194
190
177
176
207
223
176
208
220
231
225
242
178
182
207
229
225
210
230
243
240
263
223
230
220
230
239
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
132
128
133
107
128
138
112
124
131
119
99
107
106
107
123
128
95
115
131
106
99
95
106
106
94
91
95
85
96
105
96
92
100
84
93
81
94
79
86
105
96
92
100
84
93
73
94
64
63
84
262
292
300
246
267
272
284
264
277
285
302
293
305
288
274
290
284
279
305
285
303
298
321
288
298
290
285
279
305
298
310
319
324
318
298
299
285
319
310
298
310
319
325
318
298
317
314
323
327
321
130
164
167
139
139
134
172
140
146
166
203
186
199
181
146
162
189
164
174
179
204
203
215
182
204
199
190
194
209
193
214
227
224
234
205
218
191
240
224
193
214
227
225
234
205
244
220
259
264
237
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
134
126
136
121
114
118
113
124
126
130
112
135
120
95
106
112
117
126
78
112
105
95
95
105
94
102
121
70
112
97
78
91
79
93
78
101
69
99
81
69
90
51
90
78
101
292
284
264
268
267
284
279
275
266
296
293
264
272
268
285
284
301
292
313
293
264
305
272
312
284
301
292
324
293
314
323
314
313
284
301
292
324
307
327
324
323
314
321
320
304
158
158
128
147
153
166
166
151
140
166
181
129
152
173
179
172
184
166
235
181
159
210
177
207
190
199
171
254
181
217
245
223
234
191
223
191
255
208
246
255
233
263
231
242
203
1900 through 1989:
Avg. 126 113 101
Max. 149 147 147
Min. 104
82
69
93
122
66
85
120
51
279
301
246
290
310
255
298
321
264
309
331
280
316
349
293
153
193
117
177
211
123
197
245
154
216
254
164
231
267
188
1970 through 1989:
Avg. 125 114
99
Max. 138 135 121
Min. 107
95
78
90
112
70
83
101
51
275
300
246
287
305
264
294
321
264
308
324
284
318
327
298
150
172
128
173
203
129
195
235
159
218
254
181
235
264
203
32
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 10. Probabilities for freeze dates and freeze-free
periods at the KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center.
PROBABILITIES OF:
Temp.,
0
F
36
32
28
24
20
16
.90
a later spring freeze date (month/day) than indicated__
.80
.70
.60
.50
.40
.30
.20
4/30
4/21
4/08
3/30
3/20
3/12
5/05
4/25
4/13
4/03
3/25
3/17
.10
36
32
28
24
20
16
36
32
28
24
20
16
Source:
9/12
9/19
10/06
10/13
10/21
10/31
5/08
4/28
4/17
4/06
3/29
3/21
5/11
5/01
4/20
4/09
4/01
3/24
5/14
5/03
4/23
4/11
4/04
3/27
5/17
5/06
4/26
4/13
4/07
3/30
5/20
5/08
4/29
4/16
4/10
4/02
5/23
5/11
5/03
4/19
4/13
4/05
_______
.10__
5/28
5/15
5/08
4/23
4/18
4/10
an earlier fall freeze date (month/day) than indicated__________
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90_
9/17
9/25
10/11
10/18
10/26
11/04
9/21
9/29
10/14
10/21
10/30
11/08
9/24
10/02
10/17
10/24
11/02
11/10
.10
a longer freeze-free
.20
.30
.40
158
176
199
216
239
252
150
169
192
210
230
244
145
163
187
205
225
239
9/27
10/06
10/20
10/27
11/05
11/13
9/30
10/09
10/22
10/30
11/08
11/15
10/03
10/12
10/25
11/02
11/12
11/18
10/07
10/17
10/29
11/05
11/16
11/21
10/12
10/22
11/02
11/10
11/21
11/26
period (days) than indicated__ ________
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90_
140
159
183
202
220
234
135
155
179
198
215
230
131
151
175
195
210
226
NOAA Climatology of the United States No. 20.
33
126
146
171
191
205
221
120
141
166
187
199
216
112
133
159
181
191
209
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
1
Table 11. Monthly growing-degree units calculated from
data collected at Colby weather stations, 1900-89.
Year
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Total
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
149
128
130
90
201
150
39
266
183
87
369
197
204
278
268
251
207
314
219
313
237
322
442
410
475
331
387
316
435
333
389
400
329
620
638
538
444
507
616
519
571
588
576
584
688
753
672
677
666
611
618
712
672
750
734
726
702
695
667
654
682
664
683
684
745
648
514
484
417
473
513
535
496
530
558
497
521
416
349
340
340
358
270
250
359
280
327
414
3751
3665
3543
3289
3534
3385
3334
3671
3664
3617
3919
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
220
26
136
118
14
251
133
209
90
206
276
255
332
301
282
215
193
102
181
139
435
468
447
389
335
386
268
452
331
341
670
493
557
676
478
531
558
657
546
535
704
735
764
723
627
767
730
708
734
700
662
666
755
694
546
682
635
733
704
596
564
406
428
570
461
495
517
411
573
507
240
313
251
350
382
307
239
332
211
366
3769
3361
3667
3820
3123
3633
3271
3602
3369
3390
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
254
113
104
18
189
140
70
157
170
135
284
185
227
269
300
247
280
228
279
306
438
399
314
315
393
449
471
396
359
360
574
628
589
597
686
570
507
413
562
560
741
720
724
664
757
753
710
704
767
738
692
750
670
715
698
744
616
682
722
748
566
576
480
429
544
513
541
505
403
545
395
386
170
368
151
375
423
310
269
255
3942
3757
3277
3373
3717
3790
3616
3393
3529
3645
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
95
98
189
179
205
150
97
200
139
115
238
300
258
314
224
279
262
294
265
240
364
465
365
574
241
468
465
400
512
409
664
580
712
671
556
653
571
618
621
619
714
782
760
813
812
812
772
769
786
763
661
752
662
767
751
769
796
791
706
679
636
500
588
480
514
555
567
580
601
546
389
290
352
426
311
299
324
461
373
415
3759
3766
3884
4223
3613
3984
3852
4111
4000
3784
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
109
107
160
59
225
221
90
101
105
128
210
265
299
108
199
370
181
349
240
215
458
367
329
450
373
343
315
422
415
355
526
526
577
569
419
588
492
555
579
595
704
704
774
693
726
736
703
744
746
648
698
706
771
700
700
667
752
717
669
611
510
458
497
502
494
546
567
581
444
427
263
303
328
337
372
248
421
352
251
400
3476
3433
3734
3416
3505
3717
3520
3819
3447
3378
Continued
34
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 11 concluded.
Year
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Total
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
116
57
161
99
128
175
67
0
82
68
191
208
188
338
296
206
165
126
206
253
407
365
374
309
446
492
288
421
377
352
425
719
654
683
505
714
528
566
649
542
672
733
741
831
810
741
782
660
668
679
682
718
683
753
763
694
724
696
738
693
433
556
546
612
511
543
426
555
409
527
263
326
352
261
352
399
217
330
203
326
3186
3681
3697
3883
3810
3963
3195
3352
3331
3438
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
86
76
137
69
21
153
198
195
30
55
155
244
305
198
281
177
249
223
251
200
301
492
444
435
462
416
284
280
392
465
541
521
666
535
557
568
480
586
454
549
718
718
784
780
731
770
641
702
755
714
693
698
731
669
634
595
617
635
694
712
384
417
561
469
269
439
432
458
502
416
291
320
433
337
309
285
320
326
144
195
3168
3483
4060
3490
3263
3402
3220
3402
3221
3303
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
111
228
57
145
73
121
116
122
90
54
193
210
157
220
219
210
254
243
245
173
293
355
307
447
365
298
437
328
318
323
629
611
559
534
508
560
649
556
523
613
664
650
668
757
718
727
747
749
723
780
672
611
705
574
675
681
644
626
618
702
396
442
345
367
420
440
528
515
528
480
314
240
283
294
343
201
292
307
337
307
3270
3345
3080
3336
3320
3236
3665
3445
3379
3430
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
100
100
81
43
131
201
99
143
173
297
194
124
109
279
277
240
202
276
269
323
262
358
402
359
396
406
375
620
422
489
585
505
596
617
657
458
719
718
750
730
704
722
690
699
683
630
700
774
705
604
659
607
689
639
492
461
537
404
411
488
454
448
439
220
249
290
179
214
238
290
263
318
3345
3165
3306
3112
3249
3539
3391
3505
3360
1900 through 1989:
Avg.
127
237
Max.
369
370
Min.
0
102
383
574
241
571
719
413
724
831
611
688
796
546
492
636
269
310
461
144
3532
4223
3080
1970 through 1989:
Avg.
112
216
Max.
228
297
Min.
43
109
354
465
262
562
657
422
715
780
650
661
774
574
450
537
345
269
343
179
3339
3665
3080
1
Calculated by the NOAA method for corn:
GDU = (MaxT + MinT)/2 - 50
where, daily maximums above 86 are input as 86 and
daily minimums below 50 are input as 50.
35
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 12. Average daily growing-degree units calculated from
data collected at the Colby weather stations, 1900-89.
Day
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
2
3
4
5
1.9
2.9
2.2
1.3
1.7
5.3
5.3
5.7
4.0
4.9
7.7
9.4
9.4
9.6
11.8
13.8
13.9
15.3
17.8
17.8
22.7
23.8
23.2
22.8
22.4
23.1
23.0
23.1
22.8
23.0
19.5
18.5
19.0
17.0
17.2
13.0
13.7
13.1
12.1
12.0
6
7
8
9
10
2.1
2.1
2.5
2.8
3.3
6.9
8.0
6.7
5.5
6.2
10.4
10.9
11.5
10.6
10.2
16.8
18.3
18.1
15.8
17.5
23.0
22.6
23.5
23.6
23.6
23.0
23.5
22.8
22.9
21.8
18.4
19.3
20.1
18.9
17.0
9.3
11.6
13.0
11.9
11.9
11
12
13
14
15
3.2
3.1
3.5
2.4
2.3
6.4
5.5
5.8
6.6
7.8
10.8
11.1
11.0
10.9
12.4
19.2
18.0
19.6
20.0
19.4
23.4
23.6
23.4
23.0
23.4
20.3
21.0
22.4
21.9
20.5
17.1
16.5
16.3
14.9
14.5
11.8
11.2
11.2
9.6
9.7
16
17
18
19
20
2.9
2.9
4.0
4.7
3.4
8.7
9.2
7.5
7.8
8.4
11.7
11.2
12.6
12.9
13.8
19.1
17.7
19.1
20.1
20.5
22.7
24.2
24.1
24.2
23.6
21.3
22.0
22.0
21.3
21.5
15.2
13.2
14.9
15.5
14.7
9.9
8.6
7.8
7.4
9.2
21
22
23
24
25
2.5
3.7
3.3
3.8
4.2
8.2
8.4
9.0
8.8
9.3
13.7
13.6
12.2
12.6
14.0
20.4
19.6
20.9
20.4
20.7
22.8
22.5
22.9
24.0
24.2
21.4
21.2
21.6
21.7
21.0
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.1
12.5
8.7
9.1
8.2
7.6
7.2
26
27
28
29
30
31
4.3
5.0
5.3
5.4
4.5
5.4
8.2
9.1
8.3
8.9
8.5
14.6
13.9
14.2
15.6
15.4
15.4
20.7
22.0
22.5
23.9
23.4
23.8
23.9
23.7
24.2
24.0
24.1
21.7
21.8
20.9
21.4
21.1
20.2
12.9
13.1
12.6
12.9
13.1
7.2
6.9
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.9
102.6
218.9
375.1
572.3
726.9
677.2
463.5
296.5
Total
36
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 13. Longtime average heating- and cooling-degree
units to selected base temperatures as calculated from
data collected at the Colby weather stations.
Base
temp.
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Heating-degree units1_____________________
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Total
below
65
60
57
55
50
1212
1057
964
902
747
949
809
725
669
542
871
716
633
574
435
468
326
245
197
104
202
109
65
43
13
Cooling-degree units2______________________
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Total
above
55
57
60
65
70
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
29
17
8
0
0
188
149
100
37
11
45
15
8
0
0
470
413
330
210
121
0
0
0
0
0
667
605
512
361
220
0
0
0
0
0
598
536
443
293
158
117
52
28
18
6
312
262
196
111
48
Source: NOAA Climatology of the United States No. 20.
1
2
Daily HDU = BaseT – [(MaxT + MinT)/2]
Daily CDU = [(MaxT + MinT)/2] - BaseT
37
385
251
185
149
72
83
58
31
10
0
810
660
570
510
364
0
0
0
0
0
1091
936
843
781
626
0
0
0
0
0
6150
4931
4266
3843
2909
2360
2049
1620
1022
558
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 14. Monthly, seasonal, and yearly precipitation amounts
(inches) recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1893-1989.
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Season1 Year
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
0.00
0.41
0.34
0.46
0.22
0.04
0.31
0.00
0.15
0.90
0.63
0.10
0.65
0.02
0.29
1.21
0.03
0.30
0.15
0.48
2.13
0.24
0.56
0.50
0.52
0.77
1.13
4.11
4.06
1.11
0.34
4.95
2.07
1.14
3.14
2.13
1.73
4.51
1.82
0.20
1.69
3.19
4.38
5.39
4.74
2.85
3.16
3.15
2.47
1.76
5.87
2.00
1.83
1.35
4.41
2.52
1.35
0.07
1.04
2.83
4.84
0.64
0.19
1.49
0.94
1.15
0.75
1.47
3.19
3.00
0.75
2.04
0.24
0.38
0.35
1.62
5.50
0.55
0.00
0.10
0.18
0.06
0.70
0.25
0.18
0.35
2.12
0.23
0.05
0.60
0.48
0.16
0.47
0.42
0.35
0.39
9.04
8.08
16.31
17.93
20.39
13.46
10.67
14.35
9.69
10.73
18.96
21.00
29.54
15.08
14.30
16.78
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
0.20
0.31
0.22
0.00
0.44
0.50
0.13
0.08
0.09
0.18
0.81
0.36
1.94
0.00
0.44
0.15
0.09
0.65
0.34
0.17
2.25
0.81
0.71
0.34
0.60
1.52
0.69
0.04
1.16
0.13
2.45
0.67
2.40
3.78
3.30
4.90
1.00
0.19
0.35
0.62
0.85
3.46
3.00
2.42
1.72
1.67
1.13
1.76
1.45
2.26
1.75
1.92
2.19
7.11
2.94
2.29
2.16
4.74
5.60
0.71
0.54
3.26
5.59
3.19
2.06
1.90
0.82
2.08
2.98
0.25
3.58
6.29
3.04
3.00
1.90
2.62
2.67
1.67
0.45
1.25
1.46
2.50
0.64
1.60
1.59
1.25
2.06
1.00
1.97
0.96
0.64
1.69
0.43
1.78
0.98
1.92
1.17
1.09
0.70
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.97
0.00
0.95
0.53
0.29
1.36
2.26
0.00
0.26
0.82
0.00
0.56
0.00
0.35
0.78
0.06
0.56
0.06
10.63
18.10
16.86
21.10
13.51
14.63
9.84
11.44
12.80
6.05
14.86
22.12
21.13
23.78
16.92
19.60
12.99
14.72
17.91
6.62
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
0.26
0.13
0.65
0.05
0.38
0.55
0.12
0.77
0.00
0.23
0.56
0.85
0.53
0.45
1.49
0.05
0.20
1.79
1.57
0.31
0.00
1.66
0.93
0.21
1.50
0.33
0.56
1.34
0.59
0.46
2.12
0.98
2.35
1.21
3.95
2.01
2.00
1.40
3.17
4.49
1.19
1.00
5.07
2.89
5.06
1.33
1.56
2.35
2.05
2.74
1.15
3.34
2.85
2.69
4.72
3.60
2.42
0.34
2.76
5.55
1.25
3.29
0.59
5.22
7.77
1.76
2.70
1.74
3.19
4.09
1.31
4.48
0.62
2.12
4.04
1.83
5.99
2.05
0.40
3.19
1.28
3.03
2.69
0.51
0.91
0.41
3.78
2.33
2.19
2.56
1.18
0.76
0.29
0.95
1.03
0.66
0.32
3.15
0.91
2.71
0.15
0.30
0.56
0.00
0.48
0.21
0.42
0.40
1.63
0.27
0.84
0.20
4.36
0.51
0.51
0.37
0.20
2.71
0.19
1.31
8.30
16.12
14.17
14.64
26.45
10.94
18.45
10.21
13.76
22.62
11.29
20.02
21.49
16.81
31.84
13.11
20.27
20.37
18.65
27.91
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1.15
0.11
0.02
0.18
0.15
0.40
0.28
0.02
0.00
0.28
0.03
0.25
0.11
1.90
0.21
0.10
1.14
0.83
0.65
0.46
0.66
1.85
0.83
2.00
0.50
0.40
1.77
1.75
0.10
0.16
2.61
5.40
3.16
0.38
1.56
1.07
3.45
0.75
3.28
2.48
1.85
2.38
6.44
1.49
3.47
2.05
0.46
4.66
4.11
4.88
3.21
1.64
3.45
0.74
0.91
1.71
3.92
5.54
2.14
3.42
4.15
2.73
3.50
1.74
1.37
0.76
1.82
3.40
1.08
1.91
2.39
1.38
3.86
3.18
2.56
1.92
2.17
1.35
1.42
4.30
2.86
0.27
1.97
1.97
2.03
1.10
2.58
0.28
3.34
0.66
0.45
0.05
3.30
0.95
0.95
0.25
0.58
1.67
2.07
5.12
0.18
2.88
0.12
0.18
0.55
1.27
0.21
1.08
1.67
1.81
0.40
0.00
0.77
2.14
0.23
0.43
0.43
0.05
0.08
0.09
17.07
13.80
22.38
9.50
11.90
8.61
14.40
15.98
15.37
17.65
19.94
18.94
27.53
16.85
14.49
ll.46
18.81
21.38
19.94
25.57
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
0.00
0.55
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.20
0.33
0.21
0.36
0.47
1.70
0.55
0.17
1.17
0.32
0.30
0.19
0.11
0.87
0.19
2.32
0.41
0.86
0.65
0.42
0.15
1.56
1.67
2.99
2.42
1.36
1.98
2.25
0.37
0.33
1.14
1.19
1.18
1.67
0.85
1.34
1.52
3.29
0.97
3.41
3.92
1.61
4.57
2.44
1.90
1.93
4.03
0.17
1.80
3.88
0.56
3.43
2.98
2.16
1.09
2.93
3.52
3.08
0.47
0.30
0.30
1.65
5.55
1.54
1.53
1.37
0.77
5.93
1.33
1.36
1.66
1.46
0.85
1.60
3.74
0.38
0.72
0.67
0.96
1.76
2.90
1.62
1.06
0.55
1.65
0.92
0.43
0.25
0.09
0.11
0.48
1.57
0.06
0.00
0.60
1.48
0.21
0.51
0.45
1.19
0.02
0.05
0.16
0.18
0.82
0.35
0.40
0.96
0.24
0.15
0.43
0.26
0.02
1.02
0.35
9.31
12.54
15.39
5.90
11.04
10.48
10.96
16.19
9.96
10.76
16.08
15.09
18.14
8.60
13.23
12.06
14.92
18.42
15.38
15.61
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
0.81
0.46
0.10
1.83
0.81
0.21
0.70
0.36
0.51
0.27
0.74
1.26
0.48
1.68
0.16
3.82
5.27
2.22
6.36
3.07
3.03
0.92
1.93
1.78
3.24
5.04 11.04
4.19 1.19
3.28 0.85
5.47 7.14
3.74 1.74
0.72
2.21
3.00
0.71
5.29
2.97
1.41
0.37
0.50
1.17
0.88
2.20
0.84
0.95
0.26
0.29
0.52
0.10
1.48
0.17
1.15
0.77
0.32
0.38
0.09
26.62
15.19
11.65
21.96
18.25
30.70
21.10
13.85
28.79
20.01
Continued
38
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 14 concluded.
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Season1
Year
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
0.11
0.36
0.35
0.55
0.20
0.02
0.39
0.44
0.41
1.26
2.69
0.92
2.04
2.39
0.68
0.05
2.08
0.50
1.21
0.94
4.56
3.11
2.74
5.02
1.87
4.61
5.83
3.76
6.47
1.41
3.69
0.87
2.26
4.98
3.70
1.01
0.92
5.06
4.34
4.99
0.72
0.43
1.27
0.21
0.61
7.59
0.41
0.32
1.55
0.23
3.04
0.71
1.25
0.10
0.03
0.03
0.73
0.36
0.07
0.13
14.64
13.24
15.59
22.23
13.52
28.12
16.76
20.35
27.30
16.05
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
0.33
0.12
0.00
0.13
0.78
0.47
0.39
0.47
0.85
2.20
0.33
0.27
0.20
0.13
0.68
0.34
0.56
0.93
0.38
2.90
0.24
1.54
1.28
0.76
0.38
0.46
2.93
3.58
1.71
0.70
1.13
2.31
2.68
0.46
2.01
0.76
2.12
1.59
0.98
1.34
4.96
2.83
1.66
3.72
2.10
1.17
4.15
2.62
0.84
2.20
6.87
0.18
2.16
0.90
2.64
1.55
6.69
1.98
2.23
5.55
4.88
4.22
1.34
1.75
0.36
1.56
2.96
7.67
2.11
2.61
1.78
0.99
4.56
1.98
0.23
1.00
3.00
2.19
2.46
0.88
1.81
0.45
0.29
0.29
1.36
0.05
3.81
0.07
2.44
0.64
0.44
0.08
2.09
1.76
0.33
0.76
1.65
0.23
2.40
1.49
0.37
0.73
2.01
0.05
0.06
0.41
0.53
0.94
0.05
0.19
0.11
0.18
1.46
0.53
0.28
0.15
0.11
0.40
0.49
1.14
21.43
10.98
12.69
9.10
8.70
6.09
22.73
16.12
11.06
13.22
23.25
13.90
19.73
12.46
11.21
8.68
28.90
22.67
16.94
21.84
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
0.01
0.17
0.70
0.00
0.41
0.36
0.07
0.03
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.20
0.19
0.88
0.51
0.32
0.00
0.13
0.51
0.01
1.15
1.31
1.84
0.84
0.98
0.10
0.14
0.00
0.94
0.83
1.04
0.58
0.05
1.28
0.21
0.56
0.65
0.79
1.76
1.02
4.54
4.23
0.70
3.46
2.03
0.60
2.83
2.43
1.87
4.73
4.26
7.18
2.06
1.08
6.01
2.71
3.20
5.09
2.58
2.93
2.14
4.36
4.83
1.84
5.24
3.93
1.10
1.82
3.54
1.76
2.39
2.44
2.60
0.13
4.23
0.71
0.67
5.30
2.68
2.08
0.96
2.39
4.13
2.09
4.28
3.85
1.76
0.44
0.17
2.21
0.32
1.60
0.10
0.13
3.03
0.68
0.30
1.66
2.85
1.12
1.15
0.39
0.37
0.22
0.00
0.10
0.19
0.40
0.09
0.41
0.47
0.28
0.27
0.08
0.50
0.42
0.26
0.92
0.29
0.00
15.33
21.18
14.37
9.88
22.00
12.36
10.21
15.87
12.60
14.73
18.51
25.13
17.84
12.03
27.43
14.34
11.17
19.01
17.35
17.14
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
0.27
0.17
0.61
0.12
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.24
0.47
0.83
1.04
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.03
0.11
0.02
0.81
0.03
0.66
0.39
0.27
3.49
0.59
0.65
0.78
0.77
0.11
2.58
2.42
3.73
1.01
2.17
2.76
1.12
3.12
2.99
1.44
0.54
1.36
2.86
3.93
3.15
2.12
4.35
1.38
5.69
4.35
4.57
2.34
2.13
4.47
2.43
5.59
8.95
0.44
3.61
3.67
3.78
1.46
2.51
3.16
5.34
1.06
5.26
1.17
2.68
1.53
7.66
2.42
0.85
1.97
0.49
2.49
1.40
0.21
4.98
1.16
2.67
2.01
1.47
0.93
5.69
0.73
0.30
3.43
0.60
0.11
0.05
1.18
1.11
0.30
0.70
0.98
0.01
0.89
0.17
0.76
1.15
0.72
1.33
1.50
0.74
0.27
2.07
0.15
0.25
0.92
0.87
0.06
0.13
0.49
0.60
0.36
0.03
0.04
0.29
0.44
0.90
0.04
13.55
15.47
19.27
14.75
21.38
9.75
20.55
12.26
19.27
10.77
17.87
18.22
25.46
17.17
24.27
11.86
22.22
15.54
25.27
15.50
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
0.69
0.20
0.11
0.45
0.38
0.00
0.20
1.01
0.09
0.30
0.42
1.21
0.63
0.36
0.26
0.67
0.21
0.27
3.38
1.09
1.87
2.67
0.59
0.70
2.16
0.32
0.42
3.50
1.03
2.15
3.46
2.30
1.07
1.08
2.01
0.71
8.92
5.31
3.67
2.85
3.11
5.18
4.12
4.52
4.40
0.15
5.68
1.77
2.37
0.80
1.75
3.50
0.88
4.32
3.15
3.11
2.38
0.63
6.92
1.83
4.99
2.06
3.71
1.44
3.31
0.53
2.88
2.56
1.11
1.13
3.35
1.77
0.72
1.78
0.61
0.39
2.15
2.87
0.22
2.42
1.65
0.42
2.66
0.15
4.24
2.08
2.00
0.00
0.05
0.60
2.03
0.26
1.04
0.15
0.45
0.37
1.03
0.43
0.00
0.01
1.37
0.28
0.52
0.41
0.32
0.35
0.14
0.27
17.88
20.22
11.11
12.58
17.84
13.81
15.04
15.24
16.56
24.71
26.22
15.77
21.24
22.11
17.46
19.45
17.40
18.21
1893 through
Avg. 0.32
Max. 2.20
Min. 0.00
1989:
0.51
2.90
0.00
1.07
3.58
0.00
1.89
6.36
0.05
2.86
8.92
0.20
3.17
8.95
0.15
2.87
11.04
0.25
2.23
6.29
0.07
1.52
5.69
0.05
1.12
7.59
0.00
0.62
3.04
0.00
0.47
4.36
0.00
14.55
26.62
5.90
18.65
31.84
6.62
1970 through
Avg. 0.31
Max. 1.01
Min. 0.00
1989:
0.36
1.21
0.01
1.30
3.49
0.11
1.93
3.73
0.54
4.08
8.92
1.38
3.03
8.95
0.15
3.17
7.66
0.63
1.92
4.98
0.21
1.48
5.69
0.05
1.01
4.24
0.00
0.72
2.07
0.00
0.35
1.37
0.00
15.43
21.38
9.75
19.65
26.22
11.86
1
Season is defined as middle six months of the year.
39
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 15. Number of days in the year with precipitation
amounts equal to or greater than threshold amounts
at the Colby weather stations, 1900-89.
Year
Threshold values, inches
.01 .10
.25
.50
1.0
2.0
------ number of days --------
Year
Threshold values, inches_____
.01
.10 .25
.50 1.0 2.0
------ number of days -----
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
53
57
63
57
62
72
89
63
68
67
38
37
42
41
44
39
43
33
35
45
20
22
27
25
26
20
25
19
18
23
12
8
16
15
15
8
13
8
9
10
4
2
4
3
7
3
4
2
3
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
67
97
75
71
58
51
69
95
91
74
39
47
35
44
30
33
28
49
48
37
24
28
18
30
15
19
12
28
29
23
9
17
5
10
7
7
3
20
12
12
2
5
2
2
2
0
0
5
3
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
3
1
0
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
43
63
101
83
80
89
57
83
71
69
24
29
41
47
38
54
36
39
42
42
10
19
22
25
16
37
18
22
29
21
1
6
11
15
8
21
7
14
12
14
0
1
5
4
2
10
2
6
5
4
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
85
79
70
60
56
89
64
78
71
89
48
46
43
36
26
44
33
30
38
45
26
25
30
20
17
29
17
15
17
23
10
10
17
10
7
19
9
4
9
12
4
3
8
4
2
8
3
1
4
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
74
52
58
88
73
63
71
83
76
71
49
35
38
62
41
37
35
50
55
53
31
24
21
40
21
21
15
29
26
29
18
13
12
20
10
10
5
10
14
11
6
6
5
5
2
2
1
3
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
63
66
74
87
58
64
56
73
75
79
37
41
39
51
34
26
28
47
30
44
20
24
21
35
18
18
15
27
18
27
9
13
13
20
10
12
6
14
10
17
4
2
3
5
3
6
2
4
4
8
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
1
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
58
60
62
56
57
58
59
68
64
63
42
42
41
39
29
27
26
33
32
32
29
21
17
24
9
16
11
19
21
22
17
9
7
14
3
7
7
10
14
9
7
1
2
3
0
4
2
2
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
71
73
77
82
80
82
69
75
65
70
34
41
46
38
41
40
41
43
37
39
22
23
29
19
24
19
21
27
20
23
9
17
15
11
12
13
9
15
12
13
2
8
7
1
6
7
3
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
85
104
83
57
81
74
70
73
82
97
38
54
40
31
48
40
44
41
43
54
20
30
22
17
32
25
32
17
24
34
9
18
13
7
17
13
17
8
13
18
1
6
4
3
7
5
7
4
4
6
0
3
1
1
2
0
2
0
0
2
1900 through 1989:
Avg.
72
40
23
Max. 104
62
40
Min.
43
24
9
12
21
1
4
10
0
1
3
0
1970 through 1989:
Avg.
72
39
Max.
87
51
Min.
56
26
13
20
6
4
8
1
1
2
0
40
23
35
15
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 16. Probabilities that monthly precipitation will
be equal to or less than the indicated amount at the
KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center.
Prob.
level
Jan
Feb
Mar
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
0.95
0.00
0.01
0.06
0.11
0.17
0.24
0.33
0.44
0.61
0.89
1.17
0.00
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.16
0.24
0.35
0.49
0.69
1.06
1.43
0.05
0.14
0.30
0.47
0.65
0.85
1.09
1.38
1.79
2.47
3.14
Monthly precipitation, inches__________________________
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0.23
0.35
0.57
0.77
0.97
1.20
1.46
1.77
2.20
2.88
3.54
0.89
1.17
1.59
1.95
2.30
2.66
3.07
3.54
4.15
5.10
5.99
0.59
0.89
1.40
1.87
2.36
2.90
3.51
4.25
5.23
6.83
8.36
0.70
0.99
1.44
1.85
2.26
2.69
3.17
3.75
4.51
5.72
6.86
Source: NOAA Climatology of the United States 20.
41
0.26
0.42
0.71
0.99
1.28
1.61
2.00
2.47
3.10
4.15
5.16
0.05
0.11
0.28
0.48
0.72
1.02
1.40
1.89
2.61
3.86
5.13
0.05
0.11
0.23
0.37
0.52
0.70
0.92
1.21
1.61
2.29
2.97
0.01
0.04
0.11
0.19
0.28
0.39
0.51
0.68
0.92
1.31
1.71
0.02
0.05
0.11
0.16
0.22
0.29
0.38
0.48
0.62
0.85
1.08
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 17. Measurable monthly, winter, and annual snowfall amounts
(inches) recorded at the Colby weather stations, 1900-89.
Year
Jan
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Winter
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
0.0
2.0
3.3
1.0
0.0
4.5
5.0
0.7
1.1
0.9
10.3 3.2
19.0 18.9
4.2 0.0
19.4 3.3
0.0 0.0
5.5 0.0
0.5 13.1
0.9 6.2
2.2 0.0
5.0 9.0
3.0
0.5
3.0
1.7
5.0
0.0
2.5
2.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
43.9
13.5
34.5
5.5
16.0
30.7
14.8
12.6
26.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.6
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
7.5
8.5
3.5
3.0
9.1
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.5
9.0
1.0
6.7
20.0
43.4
19.6
25.9
11.0
19.6
24.9
20.3
11.8
33.3
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
2.7
3.0
1.2
3.0
0.0
4.0
2.5
1.5
9.0
0.0
2.0
4.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
6.0 13.5
6.0 5.5
1.6 0.0
1.3 13.8
0.5 3.0
2.5 5.0
15.5 0.0
13.5 1.5
3.0 2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
9.0
4.0
0.0
5.0
15.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.9
5.8
31.7
23.5
14.6
26.6
20.0
23.0
27.0
48.0
34.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.5
2.0
9.0
2.5
0.8
8.5
1.5
13.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
2.0
26.0
2.0
11.0
7.5
16.0
29.2
28.0
7.6
25.6
25.0
15.5
52.5
31.5
36.0
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
0.0
1.2
0.0
2.0
3.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.5 0.5
3.0 10.5
1.0 8.5
19.0 12.2
0.0 3.0
0.5 0.0
13.7 16.0
5.0 8.0
2.5 1.0
2.0 1.0
5.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.5
30.7
13.5
40.7
25.5
16.0
38.2
18.0
13.0
29.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 2.0
0.0 4.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 1.5
2.5 4.0
0.0 4.5
0.0 2.0
1.5 8.0
1.0 20.0
0.0 4.5
4.0
0.0
7.5
18.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
12.0
28.7
17.0
52.7
14.5
15.0
35.7
22.5
25.5
11.5
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.4
3.5
2.1
0.7
9.3
4.0 14.0
2.5 3.0
1.5 7.0
9.2 7.0
3.0 3.5
3.6 1.2
3.5 4.1
1.0 0.5
12.1 15.7
2.6 12.2
5.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
6.7
2.0
1.5
3.2
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
27.5
23.5
10.7
18.2
11.0
19.9
19.0
9.9
34.0
40.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.0
0.5
2.0
5.0
0.2
0.2
2.0
0.0
5.6
3.5
2.2
0.0
1.5
1.0
4.4
2.6
0.3
14.0
4.1
35.5
13.2
9.0
21.2
13.5
19.8
15.9
9.4
45.7
36.3
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
5.6
8.0
2.0
5.8
8.7
1.6
4.2
5.3
8.8
4.1
2.6 3.8
10.2 9.5
3.5 6.4
8.0 15.6
2.7 2.2
0.5 7.5
4.8 9.3
6.4 15.8
2.2 15.4
2.5 6.7
6.6
2.0
0.0
20.0
13.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
2.5
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
28.3
45.7
23.9
54.1
35.0
12.4
29.7
35.6
45.1
19.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 1.7
0.0 6.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 3.3
0.5 0.7
0.0 9.4
0.0 2.1
0.0 11.9
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.2
14.3
6.0
4.7
4.6
1.5
0.5
6.0
4.3
0.8
1.0
34.6
41.7
16.6
57.3
29.9
19.5
27.9
43.7
29.7
19.6
Continued
42
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 17 concluded.
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Winter
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
6.1 3.9
3.0 5.9
0.5 3.5
1.7 1.0
7.5 8.2
5.3 5.1
6.4 7.0
7.3 7.9
10.6 5.6
11.5 16.5
2.7
17.2
10.5
7.1
4.7
4.3
19.3
30.4
9.5
7.9
2.8
4.5
7.3
0.0
0.0
4.0
4.6
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
35.6
31.2
39.6
23.9
22.6
42.0
50.1
46.9
39.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 3.2
0.0 7.6
0.0 11.8
0.0 0.5
0.0 0.8
0.0 1.2
0.5 2.5
0.0 11.5
1.0 0.7
0.0 3.0
1.8
1.8
13.0
3.0
3.1
3.5
1.5
7.5
2.0
9.7
20.5
40.0
46.6
18.3
24.3
23.4
41.8
64.6
31.6
48.6
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
0.5 2.5
3.5 2.9
9.5 0.0
0.1 11.1
3.6 4.9
7.0 0.8
3.3 0.0
0.0 1.8
0.6 7.0
1.1 0.4
4.7
0.0
15.2
5.8
4.4
4.0
2.2
0.0
12.7
9.9
6.5
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
26.9
20.3
30.7
29.6
15.0
19.5
16.1
8.0
29.3
32.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
8.9
2.2
6.4
4.5
2.0
1.1
0.0
0.1
2.5
0.2
0.7
1.5
7.5
1.5
5.6
1.0
5.7
6.5
3.7
8.8
4.4
0.0
28.1
12.4
32.3
24.1
18.6
23.4
12.7
10.8
34.3
22.4
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
4.2 8.0
3.2 1.0
4.0 0.0
4.0 2.2
2.1 0.7
3.5 3.0
3.3 0.0
2.9 15.2
10.9 0.5
9.6 9.8
3.0
0.0
8.2
6.7
4.8
9.5
7.0
1.1
11.6
18.3
0.0
0.0
4.2
2.5
3.3
0.0
6.5
0.0
3.1
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
18.9
8.9
35.5
30.7
15.0
24.9
25.0
19.6
35.7
60.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.3
3.0
8.8
5.5
0.0
8.1
3.5
0.3
3.3
3.2
0.7
1.2
10.3
9.8
4.1
0.8
0.2
0.1
6.2
8.5
0.2
19.9
23.3
31.7
19.5
19.8
24.2
17.2
28.7
42.9
45.2
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
9.8
4.0
2.9
10.0
7.2
0.0
2.6
14.0
1.2
8.0 0.0
2.3 1.4
8.0 6.0
19.1 14.0
6.8 0.0
0.0 2.5
16.6 3.5
7.6 7.5
2.7 8.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.5
17.6
42.5
70.7
29.1
20.3
34.7
42.7
18.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.1
0.0 1.9
0.0 12.9
0.0 1.0
0.0 6.0
1.0 3.0
0.0 5.2
0.0 2.5
0.0 0.0
0.4
17.5
7.2
7.6
5.1
2.5
5.1
0.7
4.2
22.8
36.5
43.2
60.2
33.1
13.2
38.5
35.6
19.1
1900 through 1989:
Avg.
3.6 4.9
7.0 2.9
Max.
14.0 19.4 30.4 20.0
Min.
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.2
5.0
0.0
27.1
70.7
5.5
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.6 3.1
9.6 20.0
0.0 0.0
4.6
26.0
0.0
27.0
64.6
7.5
1970 through 1989:
Avg.
5.0 4.5
7.6 3.7
Max.
14.0 15.2 19.1 14.0
Min.
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.2
3.5
0.0
30.3
70.7
8.9
0.2
2.5
0.0
0.7 3.5
5.0 12.9
0.0 0.0
4.6
17.5
0.0
29.9
60.2
13.2
4.5
9.4
6.2
7.5
5.5
4.2
5.5
3.3
2.5
43
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 18. Monthly and seasonal pan evaporation (inches)
measured at the Colby weather stations, 1914 to 1989.
Year
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Season
Obtained from BPI sunken pan:
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
4.59
4.02
4.42
4.36
3.75
3.54
3.06
5.74
5.43
7.06
5.38
7.05
5.02
4.06
8.98
5.84
7.15
7.95
8.09
6.61
6.81
7.97
5.98
11.23
9.58
8.46
9.19
7.50
8.88
5.44
8.83
6.74
9.21
8.86
5.26
7.59
4.94
6.84
4.71
4.81
6.42
6.02
43.75
31.65
45.53
38.72
41.37
39.64
32.71
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
5.28
3.54
5.43
5.61
6.14
5.34
5.02
6.12
5.80
4.82
7.03
6.50
5.26
6.71
6.70
7.31
8.94
5.95
5.10
5.55
6.03
8.36
6.61
7.87
10.40
8.52
7.06
5.23
7.05
7.63
8.72
9.06
7.34
10.19
10.89
11.48
9.04
7.36
9.98
9.50
6.41
8.30
6.89
8.64
8.47
10.35
6.01
8.77
8.22
7.54
5.89
6.84
5.84
6.28
6.37
6.28
7.15
7.15
5.78
5.04
39.36
42.60
37.37
45.30
48.97
49.28
43.22
40.58
41.93
40.08
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
3.99
5.73
6.34
6.29
6.92
5.25
5.44
4.77
4.47
5.20
6.07
7.59
5.85
9.42
5.32
6.56
6.88
5.30
7.75
7.11
8.90
6.87
10.15
11.22
7.66
9.68
7.32
7.67
9.81
10.18
9.80
10.34
9.74
13.54
11.82
12.18
10.30
9.22
11.68
10.50
8.01
9.15
7.09
10.65
9.35
9.64
9.79
10.62
8.50
7.65
8.16
6.29
6.54
6.34
6.20
6.80
5.97
6.22
8.92
5.33
44.93
45.97
45.71
57.46
47.27
50.11
45.70
43.80
51.13
45.97
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
3.79
4.21
5.66
2.89
3.96
6.19
4.13
7.14
4.96
5.42
6.34
6.16
4.94
6.73
5.92
6.63
5.01
6.55
5.69
5.88
7.26
6.04
8.26
7.15
5.80
9.04
6.03
6.79
6.19
9.34
7.66
9.60
10.14
7.33
8.39
9.02
7.77
8.52
8.38
7.29
7.54
8.06
9.62
7.78
7.55
9.55
9.79
8.40
7.44
6.45
6.76
5.24
6.80
5.98
6.13
6.52
8.34
7.30
5.34
4.86
39.35
39.31
45.42
37.86
37.75
46.95
41.07
44.70
38.00
39.24
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
5.13
3.51
4.41
5.20
5.36
5.14
3.27
3.00
4.46
5.03
6.22
4.93
6.24
4.27
6.26
7.18
4.55
5.20
5.93
5.39
5.95
10.21
9.14
10.42
6.02
11.03
6.44
7.44
9.55
5.82
6.39
9.17
9.46
10.44
11.80
8.75
8.16
7.23
9.18
7.97
6.90
7.07
7.33
8.19
9.78
9.17
8.17
7.10
7.92
8.19
5.26
6.73
6.82
7.85
7.41
8.43
4.98
7.03
6.12
7.34
35.85
41.62
43.40
46.37
46.63
49.70
35.57
37.00
43.16
39.74
Continued
44
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 18 concluded.
Year
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Season
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
4.41
5.36
5.91
4.80
5.60
4.56
7.63
6.45
7.17
8.82
6.84
6.65
10.43
8.59
6.71
8.25
8.26
9.76
10.22
9.39
7.50
8.80
7.76
9.56
7.14
5.70
4.32
5.37
6.59
3.31
37.26
41.02
45.68
46.93
40.97
1965:
6.22
9.42
4.06
7.86
11.22
5.23
9.25
13.54
5.98
8.19
10.65
5.26
6.29
8.92
3.31
44.87
57.46
31.65
1914 through
Avg. 7.06
Max. 9.39
Min. 3.62
Obtained from a raised pan:
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
6.04
9.39
8.50
8.21
7.56
12.26
9.47
8.85
8.84
11.73
12.61
9.04
14.26
10.79
12.79
14.49
10.41
13.64
14.08
13.96
10.31
12.21
11.53
12.09
14.15
8.63
8.80
10.24
9.77
10.10
64.34
59.32
67.02
63.78
70.29
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
8.44
7.48
5.83
7.46
6.71
6.81
6.59
8.73
7.10
6.56
8.28
9.14
9.52
11.32
10.65
8.85
8.77
8.10
8.63
7.73
13.59
11.63
14.00
12.72
10.75
13.64
12.03
11.34
10.79
11.69
12.92
11.76
12.22
16.82
14.19
14.85
14.77
15.03
11.66
15.01
12.60
11.19
14.22
9.83
12.05
14.39
9.14
11.86
10.49
13.28
9.99
8.31
6.33
8.98
9.33
8.07
9.73
11.06
9.89
9.95
65.82
59.51
62.12
67.13
63.68
66.61
61.03
66.12
58.56
64.22
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
7.79
6.96
3.62
4.52
8.04
7.03
6.50
6.52
9.07
6.58
7.07
7.78
9.15
8.60
9.65
7.88
11.14
9.58
12.68
6.96
7.73
11.61
11.71
10.96
12.66
13.19
9.47
11.34
12.86
15.56
14.29
12.45
14.04
14.92
12.64
12.94
9.51
10.42
13.63
12.10
9.48
10.89
10.66
12.95
9.10
9.04
7.24
10.54
9.48
7.06
8.13
8.43
9.06
8.01
56.94
51.51
58.86
61.15
57.34
60.70
61.05
65.50
58.17
11.61
14.26
6.96
13.62
16.82
10.41
11.59
14.39
9.10
9.01
11.06
6.33
62.12
70.29
51.51
1966 through 1989:
Avg. 7.14
9.15
Max. 9.39 12.26
Min. 3.62
6.58
45
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 19. Reference evapotranspiration (ET) values calculated1
for the 120-day period from May 1 through September 11 from data
collected at the Colby weather stations.
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Average
0.15
0.40
0.04
4.73
0.19
0.41
0.08
5.98
0.26
0.42
0.09
7.93
0.23
0.50
0.05
7.13
0.25
0.56
0.07
7.74
0.22
0.39
0.05
6.82
0.29
0.52
0.05
9.01
0.25
0.53
0.07
7.74
0.22
0.26
0.18
6.85
0.15
0.26
0.05
4.64
0.25
0.50
0.11
7.45
0.31
0.54
0.19
9.32
0.33
0.51
0.04
9.79
0.27
0.45
0.10
8.07
0.32 0.35
0.50 0.54
0.15 0.18
9.69 10.35
0.27
0.68
0.09
8.19
0.29
0.35
0.21
8.61
0.24 0.38 0.35
0.32 0.53 0.59
0.09 0.21 0.17
7.32 11.75 10.80
0.30
0.53
0.11
9.17
0.31 0.38 0.33 0.33
0.62 0.52 0.52 0.56
0.11 0.14 0.13 0.12
9.59 11.83 10.10 10.18
0.31
0.36
0.25
9.63
0.24 0.33
0.32 0.49
0.04 0.16
7.39 10.09
0.29
0.50
0.16
8.98
0.27
0.56
0.10
8.49
0.27
0.43
0.12
8.22
0.26
0.49
0.05
7.91
0.32
0.54
0.07
9.82
0.25
0.42
0.09
7.70
0.27
0.30
0.22
8.24
0.22
0.30
0.11
2.45
0.30
0.53
0.17
3.28
0.24
0.44
0.04
2.66
0.19
0.29
0.05
2.09
0.22
0.41
0.11
2.37
0.31
0.59
0.21
3.37
0.20
0.35
0.04
2.21
0.24
0.26
0.19
2.66
May
Avg.
Max.
Min.
Total
0.22
0.45
0.04
6.79
0.22
0.37
0.10
6.94
0.27
0.46
0.14
8.27
0.22
0.47
0.07
6.76
0.21
0.39
0.04
6.60
0.22
0.35
0.11
6.79
0.21
0.41
0.04
6.63
0.21
0.56
0.09
6.38
0.20
0.41
0.06
6.35
0.15
0.36
0.05
4.68
June
Avg.
Max.
Min.
Total
0.27
0.44
0.17
8.14
0.32
0.59
0.17
9.71
0.29
0.45
0.09
8.85
0.24
0.47
0.09
7.34
0.33
0.59
0.19
9.89
0.27
0.48
0.15
8.22
0.29
0.61
0.07
8.68
0.30
1.17
0.03
8.87
0.29
0.43
0.17
8.73
0.30
0.56
0.15
8.98
July
Avg.
Max.
Min.
Total
0.26
0.38
0.11
7.97
0.27 0.37
0.55 0.53
0.09 0.19
8.26 11.42
0.28
0.49
0.15
8.80
0.30
0.52
0.16
9.21
0.31 0.34
0.59 0.61
0.06 0.19
9.68 10.55
0.25 0.34
0.45 0.49
0.10 0.22
7.87 10.55
0.27
0.56
0.08
8.31
August
Avg.
Max.
Min.
Total
0.17
0.32
0.03
5.42
0.31
0.48
0.19
9.68
0.23
0.50
0.10
7.10
0.28
0.49
0.09
8.61
0.29
0.47
0.15
9.12
0.22
0.49
0.10
6.81
0.28
0.51
0.09
8.57
0.25
0.41
0.04
7.80
0.31
0.57
0.11
9.69
0.22
0.35
0.11
6.89
September
Avg.
Max.
Min.
Total
1
Source:
0.12
0.25
0.03
1.33
0.18
0.32
0.09
2.03
0.25
0.39
0.09
2.73
0.22
0.35
0.10
2.46
0.26
0.38
0.16
2.84
0.25
0.54
0.17
2.73
0.33
0.46
0.24
3.63
0.27
0.40
0.13
2.99
0.26
0.39
0.09
2.87
0.20
0.35
0.07
2.22
F. R. Lamm using a modified Penman equation with an alfalfa base.
46
0.33
0.46
0.24
3.68
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 1. Average daily air temperatures
at Colby, KS, 1900-1989.
47
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 2. Average annual maximum, minimum, and
mean air temperatures at Colby, KS, 1893-1989.
48
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 3. Day when last and first “freeze” occurred and resulting length
of “freeze-free” period at Colby, KS, 1900-1989.
49
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 4. Annual precipitation amounts
at Colby, KS, 1893-1989.
50
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 5. April-through-September precipitation
amounts at Colby, KS, 1893-1989.
51
~
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 6. Average monthly precipitation
recorded at Colby, KS over two time periods,
1893-1989 and 1970-1989.
52
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 7. Number of days during the year when
precipitation equaled or exceeded 0.01, 0.25,
and 1.00 inch at Colby, KS, 1900-89.
53
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Fig. 8. Annual snowfall
amounts at Colby, KS, 1900-89.
54
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-4008
Report of Progress 594
May 1990
Publications and public meetings by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station are available and open to the public regardless of race,
color, national origin, sex, or handicap.
1M