Making of the Modern World: Fascism
How do you recognize fascism?
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The ‘content’: Fascist Ideology?
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The ‘action’: Fascist Practice?
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A historical approach: What was
Fascism?
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Fascist Movements and Fascist
States
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascist Movements I: Italy
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World War One and the first Italian
Fascists
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The Biennio Rosso: Social Crisis
and the Rise of Fascism
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The Fascist March on Rome,
October 1922
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascist Movements II: Germany
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The Post-War Crisis and the
emergence of Nazism (NSDAP =
National Socialist German Workers
Party)
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The Rise of Nazism at the End of
the Weimar Republic
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The Nazi take-over of power,
January 1933
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascist Movements II: Germany
•
The Post-War Crisis and the
emergence of Nazism (NSDAP =
National Socialist German Workers
Party)
•
The Rise of Nazism at the End of
the Weimar Republic
•
The Nazi take-over of power,
January 1933
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascist Regimes
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Fascist Dictatorships? The
Leadership Principle
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Forming a National Community,
from above and from below
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Anti-Semitism and Racism
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The Regime as a Movement:
Constant Mobilization
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascism and War
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Fascist Imperialism (Ethiopia,
Mediterranean) and Nazi
Expansion in the East (Space for
Living)
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The Enslavement of the Slavic
Population
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The Murder of European Jewry
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascist Ideology
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Anti-isms: Anti-Marxism, antiliberalism, anti-Semitism, etc.
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The Fascist vision of a new
society: a purified and rejuvenated
nation that would overcome class
struggle
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Visions of heroic individualism
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Anti-rationalism and the belief in
myths
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascist Practice
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Central role of violence, above all
against their opponents
(Communists, Socialists, Jews)
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Violence as a means to create a
(masculine) community
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Ideology and Practice: The
glorification of violence and the
fascist will to action
Making of the Modern World: Fascism
Fascism and Youth
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Fascism as a youth movement?
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Youth and its ability to build a
‘new society’ played a key role in
Fascist ideology.
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A generation of fascists? Many
fascists, especially Nazis in
Germany, had been too young to
fight in World War One. They
longed to become ‘heroes’ and to
create something radically new.