International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 28 Number 9 - October 2015
«Information +logical model» - the concept of designing
Equipment database
Е. Е. Rakovskaya
Postgraduate student
Department of Informatics and Cybernetics, Baikal State University of Economics and Law
Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Abstract Currently information about the equipment (technical means) for ACS TP, its characteristics, types, etc. is fragmented, inconsistent, often contradictory. In this regard, there
is a need to create a database of equipment used in modern
automated control systems of technological processes.
The article considers the main stages of the design base data
equipment for process automation, the analysis of the subject
area, focusing on structural design.
Key words- SCADA, database, equipment, structural design
I.INTRODUCTION
New computer system is a combination of technical and intellectual support. The composition of intelligent components
seamlessly contains the mathematical, information, program,
organizational and metrological support, which are combined
into a single system for the collection, storage, processing and
provision of necessary information to perform the functions of
dispatching and automatic control, protection of equipment,
warnings and alarms.
Development of a new computer systems includes preproject preparation (survey, feasibility study of project, preparation of technical specifications); design (preparation of
technical and detailed projects); engineering work (software
development for new systems); construction and Assembly
works; starting-up and adjustment works, which culminate in
the execution of experimental tests; commissioning; maintenance and analysis of functioning (identifying problems,
changes, etc., for example, staff training).
At all stages of the development of computer systems there
is the need of focusing in the choice of software tools, methods of operation more than, as well as in determining the
composition and order of placement and the use of technology
and peripherals.
One way to address these issues is the creation of a database of equipment used in modern automated control systems
of technological processes. In practice, database designing
hardware requires a detailed representation of the modeled
subject area, and knowledge in the field of modeling dependencies and normalization.
In the general case it is possible to allocate following stages
of database design:
- research and analysis of information domain objects;
- designinfological model of the subject area;
- datalohic designing the database;
- physical database designing [1].
II. ANALYSIS OF DOMAIN OBJECTS
Specialization of the modern computer systems used in
production, divided into automated control systems of technological processes (ACS TP) and automated systems of production management (P ACS).
Automated control systems – a collective term that refers to
the entire diversity of control devices and their associations.
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The main task of ACS is to manage and protect a variety of
technological equipment [2].
Typical structure of ACS has three levels of organization:
- lower level (field) is a sensors (sensors) and actuators;
- medium level (level controller) consists of programmable
logic controllers (PLC). Controllers take field data and issue
control commands to the lower level;
- upper level (servers, workstations) – level visualization,
scheduling, monitoring and data collection.
The hardware and software automated process control system in accordance with the organization of functioning of the
system can be divided into field equipment controllers, electrical equipment, computers, network equipment, software,
General and special purpose. A list of the types of hardware
and software ACS TP are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ACS TP
Typeofequipment
Fieldequipment
Domaincontroller
Itemsofequipment
Sensors (pressure, temperature, density, etc.), Valves, Pumps, Electric
Motors, Devices, Cable,Cabinets,
Рanels, Consoles, Secondary devices,
Metal products, Electrical products
(switches, safety catch is engaged
teli, machines, starters, etc.)
Cabinet,
Programmablelogiccontrollers
Computers
Servers, Industrial computers, Personal computers, Monitors, Printers,
External device
Networkhardware
Communicators, Digitalcable
Software
Operating systems general purpose,
Operating systems real-time, The
programs for programming the controller, SCADA
Electricalofequipm
ent
DC generators, batteries, batteries
Relay Transformers
Converters
Switches,fuses, machine guns, Starting devices for electric motors
Buttons, toggle switches, switches
Terminals Switchgear, The equipment of lightning protection, protection against pulse overvoltage
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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 28 Number 9 - October 2015
The process of designing a database (DB) based on the
principles of normalization is a sequence of transitions from
an informal verbal description of thestructure of the subject
area to the formalized description of the domain objects [3].
IIIINFOLOGICAL MODELIRUNG
Infological modeling is applied in the second phase of the
database design, after study and preliminary analysis of the
subject area.
Conceptual design (infological design, "information
+logical model" - design) – building a semantic domain model, i.e. the information model of the highest abstraction level.
The purpose of infological modeling – provide the most natural human ways of collecting and presenting the information
to be stored in a created database.
The basic constructive elements of infological models of
information objects are entities, relationships between them
and their properties (attributes) [4].
Infologicalmodeling, usually performed in accordance with
the construction of the model "entity – relationship" and is a
key element for the design of the database.
According to the above approaches, carried out the formation of common beliefs about the subject area, the system
functions and information needs of users.The basic concepts
and types of relationships-associations between entities [5].
The definition of the list attributes of each domain object
IS, as the list of entity objects, carried out according to the
principle of minimal sufficiency of Ockham [6]. In summary
form, the principle ("Occam's razor") states: "one should Not
multiply things without necessity", or "it is Not necessary to
attract new entities without extreme necessity". A list of feature attributes of entities are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1I
THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE OBJECTS-ENTITIES
№
1.
The name of the objects-entities
Equipment
2.
The feature of the
equipment
3.
Typeofequipment
4.
ownbusiness
5.
Activityofthecompany
IV. CONCLUSION
Infological model is an abstract formaliza-based description
of the subject area – equipment for ACS, funk-cinereus at
different levels of the system structure. Conceptual modeling
is most fully defines the proposed description pre-matney the
existing classification of equipment according to the types,
kinds, brands, as well as taking into account the three-level
organization of functioning of automated control systems.
REFERENCES
[1] Teorey, T.; Lightstone, S. and Nadeau, T.(2005) Database Modeling &
Design: Logical Design, 4th edition, Morgan Kaufmann Press.
[2] http://en.stinscoman.com/544.html
[3] Martin, J.;Information Engineering: a trilogy.- Englewood Cliff: PrenticeHall, 1989-1990.-3 Vol.
[4] Elmasri R.,Navathe S.B. Fundamentals of Database Systems. – Redwood
City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings, 1994
[5] Date C.J.: An Introduction to Database Systems, 7th Edition, Addison
Wesley Publishing Company
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor
Attributes
The hardware ID, Type of
equipment, Brand of equipment, Equipment name
Code of characteristic,
Equipment name, Identifier
characteristics, The value
Type Identifier, Name type of
equipment
Firm ID, The name of the
company, The website, Activity of the company, Mission,
Country, The city, Index
Street, House, Office, E-mail
Phone, Fax, Documentation
The ID of the activity, Name
of activity
The result of conceptual design is to build the model “Entity – relationship” with the definition of entities, attributes,
susno posts, links, link attributes, key attributes, etc.
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