AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
Dennis T. Koong for the degree of Master of Science in Agricultural and Resource
Economics presented on January 10. 1997. Title: Strategic Investments in Agricultural
Industries and Oregon's Economic Development.
Redacted for Privacy
Abstract approved:
This research is concerned with the current debate among Oregonians on how to
improve the standard of living and accelerate economic development in Oregon. The
main question is what economic activities make Oregon, and regions within Oregon
grow? To find out where Oregon's economic strength and weaknesses lie, first we have
to understand the income and employment contributions of different industries in Oregon.
Second, decisions for improving Oregon's economic growth may be guided by
investment in the production of goods for which Oregon is competitive relative to other
goods in domestic and international regions. Third, we can investigate and hypothesize
about reasons for strengths and weaknesses of Oregon's industries relative to other
industries locally, nationally, and internationally.
To provide a guideline for Oregon economic development, this study first
classifies Oregon's economic activities into eight major economic sectors: agriculture,
lumber and wood, high-tech, other manufacturing, non-financial private services,
financial services, other private services, and government services. In 1995, it is
estimated that these sectors generated about $72 billion in gross state product (GSP) for
Oregon's economy, employed over 1.4 million people and provided total payroll of
about $36.5 billion.
Oregon's aggregate service sector, which includes both non-
government private services and government services, generated about 76% of Oregon's
gross state product (64% and 12% respectively), received about 76% of Oregon's payroll
(58% and 18% respectively), and employed about 80% of Oregon's total employment
(64% and 16% respectively). The wood sector contributed about 7% to Oregon's GSP,
received 6% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 5% of Oregon's employment. The
agriculture sector generated about 7% of Oregon's GSP, received about 4% of Oregon's
payroll, and accounted for about 5% of Oregon's employment. The high-tech industries
contributed about 5% of Oregon's GSP, received 7% of Oregon's payroll, and employed
about 4% of employment.
Oregon exported about $ 9.43 billion in 1995. High-tech equipment exports
were about 46% of Oregon's total exports. The agriculture sector accounted for 26%,
of exports, the wood sector exported 15%, and other manufacturing products 13%.
While Oregon's recent growth has accured mostly through aggregate service activities,
the trade oriented sectors including agriculture, wood, and high-tech injected nearly
nine and half billion dollars of foreign revenue into the state's economy in 1995.
Second, this research utilizes state-level statistics along with "revealed
comparative advantage" methodology and computes competitiveness indexes. These are
calculated for individual industries in Oregon relative to the Pacific Northwest and the
United States economies to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the Oregon
economy. The comparison of Oregon's efficiency in the agricultural sector relative to the
PNW and U.S. indicates that, in the last seven years, Oregon's comparative advantage in
agricultural farm production (crops) has increased but its comparative advantage in food
processing has been declining since 1992. In fact, in 1994 and 1995 Oregon exhibited a
comparative disadvantage in food products relative to both the PNW and the United
States economies. One hypothesis advanced in this study is that such decline may be due
to the Oregon's higher labor costs relative to other states in the PNW and U.S. The
possibility that Oregon pays higher wages to workers in food production relative to the
PNW and U.S., combined with the notion that food production in Oregon is more laborintensive relative to the PNW and U.S. may account for the fact that Oregon's
comparative advantage in food processing has declined in recent years. With regard to
the wood sector, Oregon has a comparative advantage in lumber and wood products
relative to both the PNW and U.S. economies In the furniture and fixtures category
Oregon holds a clear comparative advantage against the PNW region, however it has a
distinct disadvantage compared to the United States economy. In the paper products,
Oregon holds a comparative advantage relative to the U.S., however, Oregon is at a
comparative disadvantage relative to the PNW (except for 1991 and 1992 when Oregon
had a slight comparative advantage). During the 1989-1995 time period, Oregon has
been more competitive relative to the PNW region in industrial machinery and computer
equipment. However, the degree of advantage has declined from 157% in 1989, to 105%
in 1995. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its comparative advantage in the production
of same goods from -16% comparative disadvantage in 1989, to being +25% more
efficient in 1995. Similarly, Oregon held its comparative advantage in the production of
electric equipment and measuring instruments relative to PNW during 1989-1995 time
period. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its efficiency in the production of electric
equipment from -37% inefficiency in 1989, to +5% of comparative advantage in 1995.
Oregon's comparative advantage in measuring instrument varied between 11% and 26%
over 1989-1995 time period.
With regard to recent arguments advanced against high-tech industries, the results
of this study indicate that Oregon is becoming more efficient (regionally as well as
nationally) in manufacture of high-tech products, this may be partially be due to
economies of scale associated with this sector. With regards to food processing
industries, it may be that costs associated with labor, materials, capital investment, and
other inputs are high relative to other regions. Hence, we cannot be competitive in those
industries. Alternatively, one may argue that labor productivity in Oregon's food
industry is lower than other regions. If this is the case, increasing training and education
programs to increase labor productivity, in addition to changing infrastructure, could
improve efficiency in food industries and thereby improve Oregon's economic
development.
STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES AND
OREGON'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
by
Dennis T. Koong
A THESIS
submitted to Oregon State University
in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the
degree of
Master of Science
Presented January 10, 1997
Commencement June 1997
Master of Science thesis of Dennis T. Koong presented on January 10. 1997
APPROVED:
Redacted for Privacy
Major Professor'representing Agricultural and Resource Economics
Redacted for Privacy
Chair of Department of Agricu1t6
and Resource Economics
Redacted for Privacy
Dean orGraduate Sc
I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State
University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader
upon request.
Redacted for Privacy
Dennis T. Koong, Author
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the people who have helped
and supported me throughout this learning experience. First of all, I'd like to thank my
family for their unending support, not only during the writing of this thesis, hut for all
ventures I've undertaken. I'd also like to thank my committee members, Dr. James
Cornelius, Dr. Dick Johnston, and my graduate school representative, Dr. John Luna, for
the time and effort they've given me. I am thankful for the feedback and advice that they
provided to improve the contents of this thesis. Most of all I'd like to thank my major
professor, Dr. Au Emami. Without him, none of this would have been possible. He has
supported me throughout my education at Oregon State. I thank him for the late night3 he
has spent going over my thesis time and time again, and for all the effort hes put into
helping me complete this difficult and enduring process. Not only has he supported me
academically, but personally as well. Flis advice and encouragement during tough times
has helped me through some difficult personal situations and will always be appreciated.
Thanks for everything Au. I wouldn't have gotten through this without you.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Page
Introduction
1.1 Policies Affecting Regional Comparative Advantage
3
1.2 Changing Comparative Advantage: "Trickle-down and "Trickle-up"
Approaches
4
1.3 Objectives of Study
7
1.4. Organization of Study
8
Classification of Oregon's Economic Sectors
2.1 Oregon's Agricultural Sector: Definition of the Agricultural Sector
2.1.1 Review of Literature
2.1.2 The Scope of Oregon's Agricultural Sector
10
10
10
13
2.1.3 Oregon's Food Processing Industries by Classification ........19
2.2 Oregon's Wood Sector
22
2.3 Oregon's High-tech Sector
22
2-4 Oregon's "Other" manufacturing Sector
22
2.5 Oregon's Private Non-financial Service Sector
33
2.6 Oregon's Financial Service Sector
33
2.7 Oregon's "Other" Private Service Sector
43
2.8 Oregon's Government Service Sector
43
An Overview of Oregon's Economy
55
3.1. Oregon's Gross State Product (GSP) by Industry
55
3.2. Oregon's Exports to the Rest of the World
65
3.3. Oregon's Employment and Payrolls
69
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
The Importance of Oregon's Agricultural Sector
4.1
Previous Studies and Their Methods of Measuring The Sectors Economic
Importance
75
4.2 Current Data Sources Available on Economic Importance
4.3
4.4
75
The Ideal Data Set Needed to Capture The Impact of Agriculture ofl
Oregon's Economy
80
82
Oregon's Agricultural Sector Performance Based on Different data Sets 84
4.4.1 Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data
4.4.2 Oregon State University (OSU) Data
4.4.3 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) data
4.5 Economic Impact of The Agricultural Processing Sector
The Competitiveness (Comparative Advantage) of Oregon's Industries
84
85
85
86
89
5.1 Definition of "Competitiveness"
90
5.2.
Measurement of Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage
92
5.2.1 Measuring Comparative Advantage: Methodology
5.2.2 Revealed Comparative e Advantage Index (RCAJ) Methodology
92
96
5.3 Oregon's Competitiveness by Industry
5.3.1 Oregon's Competitiveness in Agricultural Products
5.3.2 Oregon's Competitiveness in Wood-related Industries
5.3.3. Oregon's Competitiveness in High-tech Industries
Conclusion
100
109
110
112
115
Bibliography
121
Appendix
126
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Page
1995 Oregon Economy by Sector Share of GSP
63
1995 Oregon "Other Private Services"
64
1995 Oregon Export Sales to the World by Industry
68
Employment Contribution of Oregon's Economic Sectors, 1995
73
Payroll Contribution of Oregon's Economic Sectors, 1995
74
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
Industry Composition of Oregon's Agricultural Sector
16
Industry Composition of Oregon's Wood Sector
23
Industry Composition of Oregon's High-tech Sector
24
Industry Composition of Oregon's "Other" Manufacturing Sector
27
Industry Composition of Oregon's Nonfinancial Private Service Sector
34
Industry Composition of Oregon's Financial Service Sector
41
Industry Composition of Oregon's "Other" Private Service Sector
44
Industry Composition of Oregon's Government Service Sector
50
Oregon Gross State Product (Million $) by 2 Digit SIC 1992 - 1995
57
The U.S. and PNW Exports to the World, by State, by Two-Digit SIC Commodity
67
Groups, ($U.S.), 1995
1995 Oregon Total Payroll and Average Employment
70
BEA Estimates on Oregon Gross State Product ($Million) in the
Agricultural Sector
84
Comparison of Oregon's Food Processing Value-added Estimates
86
The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI) by
102
Industry, 1995
The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI)
bylndustry, 1994
103
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI) by
lndustiy, 1993
104
The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage index" (RCA1) by
Industry, 1992
105
The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI) by
Industry, 1991
106
The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI) by
Industry, 1990
107
The Regona1 andNational "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI) by
Industry, 1989
108
Comparison of Oregon's Comparative Advantage in Agricuime Relative to PNW
and U.S.
109
Comparison of Oregon's Comparative Advantage in Wood Related lndusu:ies
Relative to PNW and U.S (%)
Ill
Comparison of Oregon's Comparative Advantage in High-tech industries Relative to
PNWandU.S
113
STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES AND
OREGON'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1
Introduction
The quality of life in Oregon, as in any other region, depends on the people's
earnings, employment, job security, quality of environment, high levels of education
and health care, and minimum level of crime. Traditionally, Oregon has been
specializing in the production of natural resource based products such as timber, wood
products, paper, agricultural crops, livestock, and fish products. In the early 1970s,
global and nationwide concerns about depletion of natural resources and endangered
species alarmed Oregon's development planners to watch for the economic impacts of
environmental restriction on Oregon economy and look for alternative industries for
diversification.
Currently, Oregonians and the economic development policy decision makers in
this state have different views in coping with these environmental policies and
providing high standards of living for Oregonians. Some argue for investment in
human capital and economic infrastructure (Ed Whitelaw [1990 and l992); others
advocate and support bringing into state more high-tech manufacturing industries such
as computers, semiconductors and electrical measuring instruments (Oregon Economic
Development Department, Joseph Cortright [1994]). Still others are asking for
expanding the production and export of agricultural and food products (Oregon
Department of Agriculture). Loggers and fishermen are lobbying for deregulation of
2
timber and fish industries while some people stand for status quo (doing nothing and
leave it as is). The main question in this debate is what economic activities make
Oregon, and regions within Oregon, achieve higher standards of living? More
specifically, Oregonians are seeking for optimal strategic investment and planning
programs for Oregon's economic development.
This research attempts to resolve this debate by identifying industries for which
Oregon possesses comparative advantage compared to the United States and the Pacific
Northwest economies. The main emphasis of this study is that decisions for
improvement of Oregonians' standards of living and Oregon's economic growth should
be based on Oregon's national and international competitiveness (comparative
advantage doctrine) in the production of goods and services. Thus, Oregon should
invest in the production of products for which it is more competitive than other regions
inside the U.S. and abroad.
Modern theories of comparative advantage predict that regions specializing in
the production and exports of commodities which utilize that region's most abundant
resources (factors of production) will prosper most. In spite of current environmental
regulations, Oregon is still endowed with abundant natural resources such as land,
water, fish, and timber relative to other states.
3
1.1 Policies Affecting Regional Comparative Advantage1
To understand the meaning of comparative advantage we have to acknowledge
that each region in the world has different combination of productive factors of
production such as land, natural resources, capital, labor and technological expertise.
Although all regions may have these factors of production to some degree, the
proportions differ. For example, compared to Saudi Arabia, Oregon has a much higher
ratio of technological expertise in making computers rather than oil. The doctrine of
comparative advantage suggests that both Oregon and Saudi Arabia will be better off
by having Oregon specialize in producing computers and exporting it to Saudi Arabia
in return for oil from that country. In this example each region has a relative cost
advantage in producing one commodity, so it is better off when specializing in
producing that commodity and trading that with the other region for the other
commodity.
'This part summarizes article by Ronald H. Schmidt. "Regional Comparative
Advantage". Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Number 93-37, October 29,
1993.
4
1.2 Changing Comparative Advantage: "Trickle-down" and "Trickle-up"
Approaches
To improve a region's economy, policy makers often try to affect the region's
comparative advantage by affecting the endowments and quality of productive factors
(land, labor, and capital) and therefore affecting the relative factor cost of production
for different industries. For example, land can be added by changing swamps into
"Street of dreams" and hence making the region more attractive. Capital factor could
be increased by higher investment in roads, ports, airports to reduce transportation cost
and therefore enhance region's comparative advantage. Labor's productivity can be
increased by improving labors skill level through better education.
Generally, policy-makers may affect a region's comparative advantage in three
ways:
the "trickle-down" approach, which attempts to bring specific companies
to the region,
the "trickle-up" approach, in which the region's comparative advantage
is changed through changes in the region's infrastructure such as
building hospitals, schools, universities, new roads or transportation
facilities, airports, port facilities, and communication centers, and
a combination of "trickle-down" and "trickle-up" approaches.
5
Each approach possesses some advantages and disadvantages.
The main advantage of "trickle-down' approach is that it offers immediate
results on creation of new jobs, income, and tax revenue in the region. Also, if the
firm is successful, it may attract other businesses in the region, as well as it may
improve the labor quality through working with local school. Disadvantages of this
approach are that because it is company specific, the success of this strategy depends
on the performance of that company regardless of the performance of the industry in
which it belongs. Moreover, because this approach usually attracts companies with
direct or indirect subsidies such as tax breaks, low (or even free) land prices and other
special treatments, if a targeted company is not successful it could burden other
businesses in the region in terms of higher taxes, which in turn could decrease their
competitive strength. Finally, if the targeted firm relocates to other regions after
several years, then the increased population, rents, and other social costs may cause
adverse effects on the comparative advantage of the region.
The major advantages of "trickle-up" approach is that it often affects several
industries and not only one specific industry. For example, by enhancing educational
system all industries which utilize highly skilled workers will benefit from such policy.
Institutional changes, such as easing regulations pertaining to businesses, can improve
the competitiveness of all businesses. The disadvantages of this approach include the
6
difficulty of measuring the impacts of policy changes, and the possibility of
ineffectiveness of a policy change or new projects on region's comparative advantage.
For example, construction of a new airport may increase tax levies on residents but fail
to attract new flights.
The main advantage of a hybrid approach is that it allows for both short and
long range improvements in a region's economy. However, the adoption of this
approach requires a large amount of initial capital.
With regard to economic development and human progress, David Korten, an
expert on the issues of environment, development, and economics and a consultant to
international development agencies, argues that "economic growth is not the key to
human progress. Human well-being depends more on /10w available physical resources
are used than on increasing the rates of their extraction and consumption" (Korten,
1991)
.
With regard to bringing in foreign investment into a region for development
purposes, Korten, argues that foreign investment is not to be confused with
development:
"Attracting free-floating international capital may provide a temporary economic
spurt, but this is not to be confused with development-which is a process by
which a community or country develops the capacity to manage its own
resources in a sustainable way to meet the needs of its own people. The
development success of Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea was based on strong,
7
protected domestic markets, gaining control over technology, and building a
domestic capital base and entrepreneurial capability. They at no time
demonstrated an interest in turning their domestic economies over to footloose
international capital."
In sum, changing a region's competitiveness is a difficult task. First, it requires
identification of existing comparative advantages of the region. Second, it needs a
clear interpretation of economic development, economic growth, and progress by the
residents of the region. Third, policy-makers should protect region's economic
activities against the disadvantages associated with "trickle-down" and "trickle-up"
approaches. Finally, in choosing any of the above mentioned approaches, public
policies are most effective and productive when such policies are consistent with the
region's comparative advantage, and policy-makers should estimate the possible
impacts of their policies before implementing such policies.
1.3 Objectives of Study
Accordingly the specific objectives of this study are as follow:
1.
to define eight economic sectors of agriculture, lumber and wood, hightech manufacturing, non-high tech manufacturing (other manufacturing),
financial services, non-financial private services, and government
services for the purpose of this study,
8
to provide a general overview of Oregon's economy in terms of
Oregon's gross state product (GSP), exports, and employment,
to evaluate the economic importance of Oregon's agricultural sector to
Oregon's economy,
to measure and analyze the competitiveness of Oregon's industries
relative to the United states, and the Pacific Northwest economies,
to compare Oregon's agricultural value added sector with the U.S. food
processing sector in terms of production, wages and employment, and
identify similarities and dissimilarities, and
to discuss the policy implications of this study.
14. Organization of Study
To achieve these objectives, the remainder of this study is organized as follows:
Chapter 2 classifies Oregon's economy into eight selected economic sectors of
agriculture, lumber and wood, high-tech manufacturing, non-high tech manufacturing
(other manufacturing), non-financial private services, financial services, "other' nonfinancial private services, and government services for the purpose of this study.
Chapter 3 presents an overview of Oregon's economy in terms of production (value
added amount), trade, employment and payrolls associated with each sector.
Chapter
9
4 describes the methodology employed for assessing the competitiveness of individual
industries in Oregon relative to other states in the Pacific Northwest and the United
States. Chapter 5 specifically focuses on the agricultural value-added industry in
Oregon, analyzes the importance of the agricultural value-added sector, and compares
its advantageous and disadvantageous relative to the U.S. agricultural value-added
industry. Chapter 6 presents research conclusions, policy implications, and guidance
for future research.
10
Chapter 2
Classification of Oregon's Economic Sectors
Oregon's economy may be classified into eight major economic sectors:
agriculture, lumber and wood, high-tech, other manufacturing, non-financial private
services, financial services, other private services, and government services. This
chapter defines industry composition of each sector based on the 2-4 digit SIC
(Standard Industrial classification) codes. While the industry composition of most of
sectors mentioned above are generally known to economic planners, the agricultural
sector's industry coverage remains cumbersome. Accordingly, the main emphasis of
this chapter is to define Oregon's agricultural sector, then explain the industry
composition of other sectors.
2.1 Oregon's Agricultural Sector: Definition of the Agricultural Sector
2.1.1 Review of Literature
The methods in which the scope of the agricultural sector is defined varies
widely across states. In reviewing previous state-level studies on the role of agriculture
in a state's economy, inconsistencies exist in classifying the activities which make up
11
the agricultural sector. There are some states that limit their definition of agriculture to
a very narrow scope. States such as North Dakota (Coon et al., 1992) and Texas
(Amosson, 1992) include only livestock and crop production to determine the role of
agriculture in their states' economy.
Other states include broader definitions of the agricultural sector in their
studies. Additional activities that are incorporated into the agricultural sector are input
production, food processing, food wholesaling and retailing, and agricultural services.
For example California's study (Carter and Goldman, 1992) defines the agricultural
sector to include farm production (including food, fiber, and ornamental floriculture
and nursery products), agricultural services, agricultural manufacturing, and
agricultural chemical industries.
Then there are some states that expand their agricultural scope even further to
include natural resource based industries such as fishing, forestry, and
mining/extraction. States such as New Jersey (Adelaja, 1988) precisely define their
scope of agriculture to include "all activities such as fruit, crop, vegetable, livestock,
greenhouse, nursery, forestry, and sod activities which are closely linked to
agricultural production; related activities such as fisheries, trapping and equine
activities which involve the use of land, water resources and agricultural products to
12
produce animal outputs; activities such as food manufacturing (processed meat, dairy
products, preserved food and vegetables, grain mill products, bakery products, sugar
and confectionery products, fats and oil products and beverage products) which involve
the use of agricultural and fisheries products in producing food products; activities such
as food wholesaling, food retailing, restauranting, meat and seafood sales, and fruit and
vegetable marketing which involve the sale of food, fisheries and agricultural products;
activities which involve the provision of marketing of goods and services used in
agriculture and in food manufacturing; and activities involving the manufacturing of
inputs used in agricultural and food production."
Clearly, the definition of agriculture differs widely from state to state.
According to a nationwide survey conducted by Leones, et al.2 in 1994, which included
only studies conducted since 1987, there have been twenty seven-state level studies.
As pointed out by Leones, the lack of common definition, linkages between sectors,
and the goals of each individual study reflected differences between state economies.
2Leones, Julie, Gerald Schiuter, and George Goldman. Study presented at the
1994 AAEA Meetings in San Diego, CA.
13
Also, due to these vast differences, it is difficult to compare the agricultural impact on
the economy of one state to that of another.
2.1.2 The Scope of Oregon's Agricultural Sector
As discussed previously, there is currently no consensus among scholars
regarding components of any state's agricultural sector. The majority of those who
have researched the impacts of the agricultural sector on the state level were usually
influenced by the fear of not being able to show high agricultural impacts.
Consequently, the notion of "agribusiness" wrongly has been chosen as a replacement
for agriculture sector. The spectrum of industries which have been included under the
agricultural sector ranges from farm crops production (field crops for food and feed,
vegetables, fruits and nuts trees); cotton; tobacco; livestock production; food
processing; agricultural services and inputs; forestry; fishing, seafood, and aquaculture;
hunting; fibers and textile; transportation; wholesale food trade; retail food stores and
departments; restaurants and eating and drinking places and farm wines.
The choice of correct and ideal components of the agricultural sector depend on
two major factors: the objective of the underlying studies, and data availability.
Studies concerned with food and feed demand, competitiveness, comparative
14
advantage, and sectoral impact analysis for the purposes of regional economic
development planning may choose different sub-sectors of agribusiness to conduct their
studies. A demand for food study should choose the agricultural sector exclusive of
nursery products. The reason being the quantity and prices of nursery products does
not belong to consumer's demand functions for food products. In contrast, for
agricultural sectoral impact analysis researchers should include only economic activities
of soil related products on farm, manufacturing, and wholesale levels related to the
production, maintenance, services and marketing of such products.
For Oregon's agricultural sector impact analysis, this study will include the
economic activities that are soil related excluding timber, lumber, and forestry.
Timber, lumber, and forestry are excluded from the agricultural sector for two reasons.
First, their production time span is different from agricultural farm products and
second, these industries may exist and be operative even if the region under study is
not an agricultural region. For the latter reason, the economic activities such as retail
trade related to food stores and restaurants should be excluded from the definition of
the agricultural sector.
The lack of consistent state level data oii production, processing, transportation,
employment, trade, warehousing, and distribution imposes a serious burden on
researchers to define an appropriate sector for agricultural activities. Currently,
15
conflicting values of production (sales), and value added (GSP) data are reported based
on 2-4 digit SIC codes by ASM, BEA and OSU. the "origin of movement" trade data
for corresponding products are reported based on highly aggregated SIC! s (Standard
Industrial Classification) by MISER, and disaggregated up to 10-digit U.S. -H.S. (U.S.
schedule B, harmonized system) codes by PIERS (Product Import Export Reporting
System) based on shippers export declaration zip codes (SEDs). The state level
employment data estimated and reported by Oregon's Department of Human Resources
for 2-4 digit SIC codes and generally includes only the covered employment.
In this study, as far as Oregon is concerned, the agriculture sector is defined as
a sector which is concerned with the production and processing of human food, animal
feed, and byproducts of these activities such as wool, hide, feathers, natural fibers,
natural dyes, and all activities which would not exist in the absence of farm and food
processing production activities. Specifically, Oregon's agriculture sector encompasses
economic activities related to farm and food processing production at the farm,
manufacturing, wholesale, and services levels, but excluding retail trade. The industry
composition of Oregon's agricultural sector is presented in Table 1.
16
Table 1. Industry Composition of Oregon's Agriculture Sector
SIC
Code
01
Activity
Farm production -Crops
Wheat
Cash grains, nec
Irish potatoes
Field crops, ex. cash grains, nec
Vegetables & melons
Berry crops
Grapes
Tree nuts
Deciduous tree fruits
Fruits & tree nuts, nec
Ornamental nursery products
Food crops grown under cover
General farms, primarily crop
0111
0119
0134
0139
0161
0171
0172
0173
0175
0179
0181
0182
0191
02
0211
Farm Production-Livestock
Beef caffle feed lots
Beef cattle, except feedlots
Sheep & goats
Dairy farms
Chicken eggs
Turkeys & turkey eggs
Poultry hatcheries
Fur-bearing animals & rabbits
Horses & other equines
Animal aquaculture
Animal specialties, nec
Other Agricultural prod - livestock
0212
0214
0241
0252
0253
0254
0271
0272
0273
0279
0299
07
0711
0721
0722
0723
0741
Industry Description
Agricultural services
Soil preparation services
Crop planting & protecting
Crop harvesting
Crop preparation svcs for market
Veterinary svcs for livestock
17
Table 1, Continued
SIC
Code
-
Activity
0742
0751
0752
0761
0762
0781
0782
0783
20
2011
2013
2015
2022
2023
2024
2026
2033
2034
2035
2037
2038
2041
2045
2047
2048
2051
2052
2063
2064
2068
2077
2082
2084
2086
Industry Description
Veterinary svcs, specialties
Livestock svcs, exc. veterinary
Animal specialty services
Farm labor contractors
Farm management services
Landscape counseling & planning
Lawn & garden services
Ornamental shrub & tree services
Food and kindred products
Meat packing plants
Sausages & other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering & processing
Cheese, natural & processed
Dry, condensed, evaporated prod.
Ice cream & frozen desserts
Fluid milk
Canned fruits & vegetables
Dehydrated fruits, veg., soups
Pickles, sauces & salad dressings
Frozen fruits & vegetables
Frozen specialties, nec
Flour & other grain mill products
Prepared flour mixes & doughs
Dog & cat food
Prepared feeds, nec
Bread, cake, & related products
Cookies & crackers
Beet sugar
Candy & other confectionery prod.
Salted & roasted nuts & seeds
Animal & marine fats & oils
Malt beverages
Wines, brandy & brandy spirits
Bottled & canned soft drinks
18
Table 1, Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
Industry Description
Flavoring extracts & syrups, nec
Canned & cured fish & seafoods
Fresh or frozen prepared fish
Roasted coffee
Potato chips & similar snacks
Manufactured ice
Food preparations, nec
Other Food and kindred products
2087
2091
2092
2095
2096
2097
2099
2099
28
2824
2833
2865
2873
2875
2879
Manufacturing:
Chemicals and allied products Organic Fibers, noncellulosic
50
5083
Wholesale durable goods
51
Wholesale nondurable goods
5143
5144
5148
5153
5154
5159
5191
Medicinals & botanicals
Cyclic crudes & intermediates
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Fertilizers, mixing only
Agricultural chemicals, nec
Farm & garden machinery
Dairy products, ex dried or canned
Poultry & poultry products
Fresh fruits & vegetables
Grain & field beans
Livestock
Farm-product raw materials, nec
Farm supplies
19
2.1.3 Oregon's Food Processing Industries by Classification
Traditionally, agricultural products are classified into two major groups: Low
Value Products (LVP) and High Value Products (HVP) [USDA-ERS, 1983]. There is
limited literature available on the value-added product composition and its high value
and low value concepts. Agricultural products have been classified into high and low
value raw (bulk) and value-added products by several sources including Burfisher,
Mary E., Margaret B. Missiaen, and Allen Blackman [April 1991]; Lee, Jung-Hee,
David M. Henneberry, and David Pyles [1990]; USDA-ERS, 1983]; and USDA-FAS
[January 1987].
High Value Products (HVP) are often divided into three groups: HVP semiprocessed, HVP highly processed, and HVP unprocessed. Low value products (LVP)
are broken down into LVP raw (bulk) and LVP semi-processed. The definition of
"high value" products in USDA-ERS 1983 study is based on the idea of unit value and
the extent of processing activities. In other words, this definition includes all products
with value added through processing, as well as products with high unit value but no
processing. Products with both low unit value and no processing are excluded from
USDA-ERS "high value products" classification.
20
The USDA-FAS definition of "high value" includes products with value-added
components regardless of the magnitude of the unit value. This definition of HVP
includes products with both high and low unit value, as long as the product had valueadded not only through processing, but also through transport, storage, and marketing.
Therefore the FAS definition excludes products with high unit value but no value-added
from the "high value" category.
A recent USDA-FAS-BIC study (1993), classifies agricultural products into
bulk, intermediate and consumer-oriented groups. This classification implicitly
assigns low and high values (in terms of time and net dollar value) to products from
consumers points of view based on the readiness of products for consumption. For
example, products which require less preparation are classified into high-value class of
consumer-oriented products.
Clearly, inconsistencies exist in the classification of value-added agricultural
products into high and low value categories. These inconsistencies include products
with both high and low unit values that have value added through processing being
classified as "high value", as well as products with high unit value and little value
added being classified as "low value".
For the majority of agricultural products, the interest in value-added activities
stems from the fact that such activities create jobs and hence more income for regions
21
involved in production of processed products. With regard to agricultural products, the
magnitude of agricultural value-added activities depends on the extent that raw farm
products such as grain and livestock are converted into food products for human and
animal consumption. Previous studies that used the notion of high value and low value
did not justify what constitutes a product to be classified as high value versus another
as low value. Thus these studies are not clear about the criteria for grouping products
under such classifications.
This study will attempt to classify the agricultural products based on the level of
processing. Three classification will be used: bulk, semi-processed, and processed.
Bulk commodities include live animals, all raw products (fresh or chilled), grains, and
seeds. Semi-processed products include slaughtered animals and parts of animals,
dried, preserved, and fermented products, husks, meal, and flour of grain, frozen
products, juices, and oils. Processed commodities include consumer-ready products
such as prepared meats, cheese, coffee, frozen or packaged meals, breads snacks,
sauces, soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, and animal feed. In this study fish products
are classified separately, again, as bulk, semi-processed, and processed fish products.
(Appendix, Table 1)
22
2.2 Oregon's Wood Sector
Oregon's wood sector encompasses three main wood related industries of
lumber and wood products (SIC 24), furniture and fixtures (SIC 25), and paper and
allied products (SIC 26).
The 3-4 digit industry composition of wood sector is
shown in Table 2.
2.3 Oregon's High-tech Sector
Oregon's high-tech sector consists of three major industries of industrial
machinery and equipment (SIC 35), Electronic and other electric equipment (SIC 36),
and instruments and related products (SIC 38). The 3-4 digit industry composition of
this sector is shown in Table 3.
2-4 Oregon's "Other" manufacturing Sector
Oregon's "Other" manufacturing sector includes all manufacturing industries
not included in agriculture and high-tech sectors. Other manufacturing sector
encompasses 3-4 digit industries listed in Table 4.
23
Table 2. Industry composition of Oregon's Wood Sector
SIC Code
Activity
24
Lumber and wood products
Industry Description
2411
2421
Logging
Sawmills & planing mills, general
Hardwood dimen. & flooring mills
Special product sawmills, nec
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer & plywood
Softwood veneer & plywood
Structural wood members, nec
Nailed wood boxes & shook
Wood pallets & skids
Wood containers, nec
Mobile homes
Prefabricated wood buildings
Wood preserving
Reconstituted wood products
Wood products, nec
2426
2429
2431
2434
2435
2436
2439
2441
2448
2449
2451
2452
2491
2493
2499
25
Furniture and fixtures
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses & bedsprings
Wood tv & radio cabinets
Wood office furniture
Office furniture, except wood
Public building; related furniture
Wood partitions & fixtures
Partitions & fixtures, ex. wood
Drapery hardware & blinds & shade
Furniture & fixtures, nec
2511
2512
2515
2517
2521
2522
2531
2541
2542
2591
2599
26
2621
2631
2653
2657
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2679
2699
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Corrugated & solid fiber boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Paper coated & laminated, packag.
Paper coated & laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated & coated
Bags: uncoated paper & multiwall
Die-cut paper & board
Converted paper products, nec
Other Paper and allied products
24
Table 3. Industry Composition of Oregon's High-tech Sector
SIC
Code
35
3511
3523
3524
3531
3532
3535
3537
3541
3543
3544
3545
3546
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3559
3561
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3571
3572
3577
3578
3585
3589
3593
3599
Activity
Industrial machinery &
Equipment
Industry Description
Turbines & turbine generator sets
Farm machinery & equipment
Lawn & garden equipment
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Conveyors & conveying equipment
Industrial trucks & tractors
Machine tools, metal cuffing types
Industrial patterns
Special dies, tools, jigs & fixt.
Machine tool accessories
Power-driven handtools
Textile machinery
Woodworking machinery
Paper industries machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
Special industry machinery, nec
Pumps & pumping equipment
Blowers &fans
Packaging machinery
Speed changers, drives, & gears
Industrial furnaces & ovens
Power transmission equipment, nec
General industrial machinery, nec
Electronic computers
Computer storage devices
Computer peripheral equipment, nec
Calculating & accounting equip.
Refrigeration & heating equipment
Service industry machinery, nec
Fluid power cylinders & actuators
Industrial machinery, nec
25
Table 3. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
Other Industrial machinery & equipment
3599
36
3612
3613
3621
3625
3631
3641
3643
3645
3648
3651
3661
3663
3669
3672
3674
3677
3679
3691
3694
3699
3699
Electric & Electronic
Equipment
38
3812
3823
3825
3826
3827
3829
Instruments & Related
Products
3841
3842
Industry Description
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear & switchboard apparatus
Motors & generators
Relays & industrial controls
Household cooking equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Lighting equipment, nec
Household audio & video equipment
Telephone & telegraph apparatus
Radio & tv communications equip.
Communications equipment, nec
Printed circuit boards
Semiconductors & related devices
Electronic coils & transformers
Electronic components, nec
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
Electrical equip. & supplies, nec
Other Electric & electronic equipment
Search & navigation equipment
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Analytical instruments
Optical instruments & lenses
Measur. & controlling devices, nec
Surgical & medical instruments
Surgical appliances & supplies
26
Table 3. Continued
SIC
Code
3843
3844
3845
3851
3861
3899
Activity
Industry Description
Dental equipment & supplies
X-ray apparatus & tubes
Electromedical equipment
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment & supplies
Other Instruments & related products
27
Table 4. Industry Composition of Oregon's Other Manufacturing Sector
SIC
Code
Activity
08
Forestry
09
JFishing
Metal mining
10
1021
1041
1099
13
Oil and gas extraction
1311
1382
14
1429
1442
1459
22
2231
2253
2261
2269
2299
Textile mill products
23
Apparel & Other Textile
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Knit outerwear mills
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, nec
Other Textile mill products
2329 Products
2392
Crude petroleum & natural gas
Oil & gas exploration services
Crushed & broken stone, nec
Construction sand & gravel
Clay & related minerals, nec
Nonmetallic minerals services
Miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals
Other Nometallic minerals ex fuels
Other Mining
1499
1499
9999
2391
Copper ores
Gold ores
Other Metal mining
Nometallic Minerals
Excluding Fules
1481
2337
2339
2385
2389
Industry Description
Men's & boys' clothing, nec
Women's & misses' suits & coats
Women's & misses' outerwear, nec
Waterproof outerwear
Apparel & accessories, nec
Curtains & draperies
Housefurnishings, nec
28
Table 4. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
2393
2394
2395
2396
2399
2399
27
2711
2721
2731
Textile bags
Canvas & related products
Pleating & stitching
Automotive & apparel trimmings
Fabricated textile products, nec
Other Apparel & other textile product
Printing & publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Greeting cards
Blankbooks & looseleaf binders
Bookbinding & related work
Typesetting
Platemaking services
2732
2741
2752
2759
2761
2771
2782
2789
2791
2796
28
Chemicals and Allied
2819 Products
2821
2834
2835
2836
2841
2842
2844
2851
2891
Industry Description
Industrial inorganic chem., nec
Plastics materials & resins
Pharmaceutical preparations
Diagnostic substances
Biological products ex. diagnostic
Soap & other detergents
Polishes & sanitation goods
Toilet preparations
Paints & allied products
Adhesives & sealants
29
Table 4. Continued
SIC
Code
-
Activity
Printing ink
Chemical preparations, nec
Other Chemicals and allied products
2893
2899
2899
29
2951
Petroleum and Coal
Products
2952
2992
30
3011
Rubber & Misc. Plastic
Products
3061
3069
3081
3082
3083
3084
3086
3087
3088
3089
3111
3143
3151
3161
3172
3199
3199
Asphalt paving mixtures & blocks
Asphalt felts & coatings
Lubricating oils & greases
Tires &innertubes
Rubber & plastics hose & belting
Gaskets, packing & sealing devices
Mechanical rubber goods
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Unsupported plastics film & sheet
Unsupported plast. profile shapes
Laminated plastics plate & sheet
Plastics pipe
Plastics foam products
Custom compound purchased resins
Plastics plumbing fixtures
Plastics products, nec
3052
3053
31
Industry Description
Leather & Leather
Products
Leather tanning & finishing
Men's footwear, except athletic
Leather gloves & mittens
Luggage
Personal leather goods, nec
Leather goods, nec
Other Leather & leather products
30
Table 4. Continued
SIC
Code
32
3229
Activity
Stone, Clay & Glass
Products
3231
3241
3253
3262
3269
3271
3272
3273
3281
3291
3295
3297
3299
3299
33
3312
3321
3324
3325
3339
3341
3357
3363
3364
3365
3366
3369
3398
3399
3399
Industry Description
Pressed & blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Ceramic wall & floor tile
Vitreous china table & kitchenware
Pottery products, nec
Concrete block & brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Cut stone & stone products
Abrasive products
Minerals, ground or treated
Nonclay refractories
Nonmetallic mineral products, nec
Other Stone, clay & glass products
Primary Metal Industries
Blast furnaces & steel mills
Gray & ductile iron foundries
Steel investment foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals, nec
Secondary nonferrous metals
Nonferrous wiredrawing & insulat.
Aluminum die-castings
Nonferrous die-casting ex aluminum
Aluminum foundries
Copper foundries
Nonferrous foundries, nec
Metal heat treating
Primary metal products, nec
Other Primary metal industries
31
Table 4. Continued
SIC
Code
34
3411
3412
3421
Activity
Fabricated Metal
Products
3423
3425
3429
3433
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
3448
3451
3452
3462
3465
3469
3471
3479
3482
3484
3492
3495
3496
3498
3499
3499
37
3711
3713
3714
Transportation
Equipment
Industry Description
Metal cans
Metal barrels, drums, & pails
Cutlery
Hand & edge tools, nec
Saw blades & handsaws
Hardware, nec
Heating equipment, ex. electric
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, & trim
Fab. plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metalwork
Architectural metal work
Prefabricated metal buildings
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, & washers
Iron & steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Plating & polishing
Metal coating & allied services
Small arms ammunition
Small arms
Fluid power valves & hose fittings
Wire springs
Misc. fabricated wire products
Fabricated pipe & fittings
Fabricated metal products, nec
Other Fabricated metal products
Motor vehicles & car bodies
Truck & bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts & accessories
32
Table 4. Continued
SIC
Code
-
Activity
3715
3716
Truck trailers
Motor homes
Aircraft
Aircraft parts & equipment, nec
Ship building & repairing
Boat building & repairing
Railroad equipment
Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts
Travel trailers & campers
Transportation equipment, nec
3721
3728
3731
3732
3743
3751
3792
3799
39
3911
3931
3942
3944
3949
3952
3953
3955
3991
3993
3999
3999
9999
Industry Description
Misc. Mfg. Industries
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Dolls & stuffed toys
Games, toys & children's vehicles
Sporting & athletic goods, nec
Lead pencils & art goods
Marking devices
Carbon paper & inked ribbons
Brooms & brushes
Signs & advertising specialities
Manufacturing industries, nec
Other Misc. mfg. industries
Other Manufacturing
33
2.5 Oregon's Private Non-financial Service Sector
For the purpose of this study, Oregon's service industries are classified under
four different sectors of non-financial private services, financial services, other private
service, and government services. The non-financial private service sector consist of
construction services, transportation and utility services, and whole sale and retail trade
services. Table 5 lists 2-4 digit SIC code industries comprising this sector activities.
2.6 Oregon's Financial Service Sector
Oregon's financial service sector includes all institutions providing financial
services to Oregon's economy. This sector consist of depository and non-depository
institutions, insurance services, real estate activities, holding companies and investment
services. Table 6 describes 2-4 digit SIC code industries included in this sector.
34
Table 5. Composition of Oregon's Nonfinancial Private Service Sector
SIC
Code
16
Activity
Heavy construction
contractors
Highway & street construction
Bridge, tunnel & elevated highway
Water, sewer, & utility lines
Heavy construction, nec
1611
1622
1623
1629
17
1711
1721
1731
1741
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, air-condition.
Painting & paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry & other stonework
Plastering, drywall & insulation
Terrazzo, tile, marble, mosaic wrk
Carpentry work
Floor laying & floor work, nec
Roofing, siding & sheet metal work
Concrete work
Water well drilling
Structural steel erection
Glass & glazing work
Excavation work
Wrecking & demolition work
Installing building equipment, nec
Special trade contractors, nec
1742
1743
1751
1752
1761
1771
1781
1791
1793
1794
1795
1796
1799
41
4111
4119
4121
4131
4142
4151
4173
Industry Composition
Local & interurban transit
Local & suburban transit
Local passenger trans., nec
Taxicabs
Intercity & rural bus trans.
Bus charter service, ex local
School buses
Bus terminal & service facilities
35
Table 5. Continued
SIC
Code
-
Activity
42
4212
4213
4214
4215
4221
4222
4225
4226
Trucking and warehousing
44
4412
4424
4449
4489
Water transportation
Local trucking without storage
Trucking, except local
Local trucking with storage
Courier services, except by air
Farm product warehousing & storage
Refrigerated warehousing & storage
General warehousing & storage
Special warehousing & storage, nec
Deep sea foreign trans. of freight
Deep sea domestic trans. - freight
Water trans. of freight, nec
Water passenger trans., nec
Marine cargo handling
Towing & tugboat service
Marinas
Water trans. services, nec
4491
4492
4493
4499
45
4512
4513
4522
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air courier services
Air transportation, nonscheduled
Airports, flying fields, & svcs
4581
47
4724
4725
4729
4731
4741
4783
4785
4789
Industry Composition
Transportation services
Travel agencies
Tour operators
Passenger trans. arrangement, nec
Freight trans. arrangement
Rental of railroad cars
Packing & crating
Inspection & fixed facilities
Transportation services, nec
36
Table 5. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
48
4812
4813
4822
4832
4833
4841
Communication
49
Electric, gas and sanitary
services
Radiotelephone communications
Telephone communications, ex radio
Telegraph & other communications
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable & other pay tv services
Electric services
Natural gas distribution
Water supply
Sewerage systems
Refuse systems
Sanitary services, nec
Irrigation systems
Other Trans., Comm., and Utilities
4911
4924
4941
4952
4953
4959
4971
9999
50
5012
5013
5014
5015
5021
5023
5031
5032
5033
5039
5043
5044
5045
5046
Industry Composition
Wholesale durable goods
Automobiles & other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies & new parts
Tires & tubes
Motor vehicle parts, used
Furniture
Homefurnishings
Lumber, plywood, & millwork
Brick, stone, & related materials
Roofing, siding, & insulation
Construction materials, nec
Photographic equipment & supplies
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals & software
Commercial equipment, nec
37
Table 5. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
Medical & hospital equipment
Ophthalmic goods
Professional equipment, nec
Metals service centers & offices
Electrical apparatus & equipment
Electrical appliances, tv & radios
Electronic parts & equipment
Hardware
Plumbing & hydronic heat. supplies
Warm air heating & air-condition.
Refrigeration equipment & supplies
Construction & mining machinery
Industrial machinery & equipment
Industrial supplies
Service establishment equipment
Transportation equip. & supplies
Sporting & recreational goods
Toys & hobby goods & supplies
Scrap & waste materials
Jewelry & precious stones
Durable goods, nec
5047
5048
5049
5051
5063
5064
5065
5072
5074
5075
5078
5082
5084
5085
5087
5088
5091
5092
5093
5094
5099
51
5111
5112
5113
5122
5131
5136
5137
5139
5141
5142
5145
Industry Composition
Wholesale nondurable
goods
Printing & writing paper
Stationery & office supplies
Indust. & personal service paper
Drugs, proprietaries, & sundries
Piece goods & notions
Men's & boys' clothing
Women's & children's clothing
Footwear
Groceries, general line
Packaged frozen foods
Confectionery
38
Table 5. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
Fish & seafoods
Meats & meat products
Groceries & related products, nec
Plastics materials & basic shapes
Chemicals & allied products, nec
Petroleum bulk stations & terminals
Petroleum products, nec
Beer & ale
Wine & distilled beverages
Books, periodicals, & newspapers
Flowers & florists' supplies
Tobacco & tobacco products
Paints, varnishes, & supplies
Nondurable goods, nec
5146
5147
5149
5162
5169
5171
5172
5181
5182
5192
5193
5194
5198
5199
52
Retail Trade
Bldg. material & garden
supplies
Lumber & other building materials
Paint, glass, & wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries & garden stores
Mobile home dealers
5211
5231
5251
5261
5271
53
General merchandise
stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
5311
5331
5399
54
5411
5421
5431
5441
Industry Composition
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat & fish markets
Fruit & vegetable markets
Candy, nut & confectionery stores
39
Table 5. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
Miscellaneous food stores
5451
5461
5499
55
Auto dealers & service
stations
New & used car dealers
Used car dealers
Auto & home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Boat dealers
Recreational vehicle dealers
Motorcycle dealers
Automotive dealers, nec
5511
5521
5531
5541
5551
5561
5571
5599
56
Apparel & accessory
stores
Men's & boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Women's acces. & specialty stores
Children's & infants' wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
Misc. apparel & accessory stores
5611
5621
5632
5641
5651
5661
5699
57
5712
5713
5714
5719
5722
5731
5734
5735
Industry Composition
Furniture. & home
furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Floor covering stores
Drapery & upholstery stores
Misc. homefurnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, tv, & electronic stores
Computer & software stores
Record & prerecorded tape stores
40
Table 5. Continued
SIC
Code
Activity
5736
58
Musical instrument stores
Earing and drinking
places
5812
5813
59
5912
5921
5932
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
5961
5962
5963
5983
5984
5989
5992
5993
5994
5995
5999
Industry Composition
Eating places
Drinking places
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores & proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Sporting goods & bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Hobby, toy, & game shops
Camera & photog. supply stores
Gift, novelty, & souvenir shops
Luggage & leather goods stores
Sewing, needlework, & piece goods
Catalog & mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Fuel oil dealers
Liquefied petroleum gas dealers
Fuel dealers, nec
Florists
Tobacco stores & stands
News dealers & newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
41
Table 6. industry Composition of Oregon's Financial Service Sector
SIC
Industry Description
Activity
Code
Finance, Insurance & Real
Estate
60
6021
Depository institutions
National commercial banks
State commercial banks
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, ex federal
Federal credit unions
State credit unions
Foreign bank & branches & agencies
Nondeposit trust facilities
Functions related to dep. banking
6022
6035
6036
6061
6062
6081
6091
6099
61
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Short-term business credit
Misc. business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers & correspondents
Loan brokers
6141
6153
6159
6162
6163
62
Security commodity
brokers/services
Security brokers & dealers
Commodity cont. brokers, dealers
Investment advice
Security & commodity svcs, nec
6211
6221
6282
6289
63
6311
6321
6324
6331
6351
6361
6371
-
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident & health insurance
Hospital & medical service plans
Fire, marine, & casualty insurance
Surety insurance
Title insurance
Pension, health, & welfare funds
42
Table 6. Continued
SIC
Activity
Industry Description
Code
64
Finance, Insurance & Real
Ins, agents brokers &
service
6411
65
Real estate
6512
6513
6514
6515
6519
6531
6541
6552
6553
Insurance agents, brokers & svcs
Nonresidential building operators
Apartment building operators
Dwelling operators, ex apartments
Mobile home site operators
Real property lessors, nec
Real estate agents & managers
Title abstract offices
Subdividers & developers, nec
Cemetery subdividers & developers
67
Holding & other invest, office
6712
Bank holding companies
Holding companies, nec
6719
Educational, religious etc. trusts
6732
Trusts, nec
6733
Patent owners & lessors
6794
Real estate investment trusts
6798
Investors, nec
6799
Other Holding & other invest, offices
6799
Other Finance, Insurance & R. Estat
9999
43
2.7 Oregon's "Other" Private Service Sector
All private service industries not included in two previous sectors are listed
under "other private service sector. This sector mainly consists of services related to
hotels, personal and business, auto repairs, motion picture, amusement, recreation,
health, education, legal, and social activities. The 2-4 digit SIC code industry
cothposition of this sector is shown in Table 7.
2.8 Oregon's Government Service Sector
Oregon's public service sector consists of services provided by federal, state,
and local governments. Table 8 shows industry coverage of this sector based on 2-4
digit SIC codes.
44
Table 7. Composition of Oregon's Other Private Service Sector
SIC
Activity
Industry Description
Code
70
7011
7021
7032
7033
7041
Hotels & other lodging places
72
7211
7212
7213
7215
7216
7217
7218
7219
7221
7231
7241
7251
7261
7291
7299
Personal services
73
7311
Business services
7312
7313
7319
7322
7323
7331
7334
7335
7336
Hotels & motels
Rooming & boarding houses
Sporting & recreational camps
Trailer parks & campsites
Membership-basis organiz. hotels
Power laundries, family & comm'l
Garment pressing & cleaners agents
Linen supply
Coin-operated laundries & cleaning
Drycleaning plants, except rug
Carpet & upholstery cleaning
Industrial launderers
Laundry & garment services, nec
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Barber shops
Shoe repair & shoeshine parlors
Funeral service & crematories
Tax return preparation services
Miscellaneous personal svcs, nec
Advertising agencies
Outdoor advertising services
Radio, tv, publisher rep.
Advertising, nec
Adjustment & collection services
Credit reporting services
Direct mail advertising services
Photocopying & duplicating svcs
Commercial photography
Commercial art & graphic design
45
Table 7. Continued
SIC
Activity
Jndustry Description
Code
7338
7342
7349
7352
7353
7359
Secretarial & court reporting
Disinfecting & pest control svcs
Building maintenance services, nec
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equip. rental
Equipment rental & leasing, nec
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing & preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer facilities management
Computer rental & leasing
Computer maintenance & repair
Computer related services, nec
Detective & armored car services
Security systems services
News syndicates
Photofinishing laboratories
Business services, nec
7361
7363
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7377
7378
7379
7381
7382
7383
7384
7389
75
7513
7514
7515
7519
7521
7532
7533
7534
7536
7537
7538
Auto repair, services & garage
Truck rental & leasing, no drivers
Passenger car rental
Passenger car leasing
Utility trailer rental
Automobile parking
Top & body repair & paint shops
Auto exhaust system repair shops
Tire retreading & repair shops
Automotive glass replacement shops
Automotive trans. repair shops
General automotive repair shops
46
Table 7. Continued
SIC
Activity
Industry Description
Code
Automotive repair shops, nec
Carwashes
Automotive services, nec
7539
7542
7549
76
7622
7623
7629
7631
7641
7692
7694
7699
Miscellaneous repair services
78
7812
7819
7822
7832
7833
7841
Motion pictures
79
7911
7922
7929
7933
7941
7948
7991
7992
7993
7996
7997
7999
Amusement & recreation
Radio & television repair
Refrigeration service & repair
Electrical repair shops, nec
Watch, clock, & jewelry repair
Reupholstery & furniture repair
Welding repair
Armature rewinding shops
Repair services, nec
Motion picture & video production
Svcs allied to motion pictures
Motion picture & tape distribution
Motion picture theat., ex drive-in
Drive-in motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
Dance studios, schools, & halls
Theatrical producers & services
Entertainers & entertain, groups
Bowling centers
Sports clubs, managers, & promo.
Racing, including track operation
Physical fitness facilities
Public golf courses
Coin-operated amusement devices
Amusement parks
Membership sports & rec. clubs
Amusement & recreation, nec
47
Table 7. Continued
SIC
Activity
Industry Description
Code
80
8011
8021
8031
8041
8042
8043
8049
8051
8052
8059
8062
8063
8069
Health services
Offices & clinics of med. doctors
Offices & clinics of dentists
Offices of osteopathic physicians
Offices & clinics of chiropractors
Offices & clinics of optometrists
Offices & clinics of podiatrists
Offices of health practition., nec
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing & personal care, nec
General medical & surg. hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals ex psychiatric
Medical laboratories
Dental laboratories
Home health care services
Kidney dialysis centers
Specialty outpatient clinics, nec
Health & allied services, nec
8071
8072
8082
8092
8093
8099
81
Legal services
Legal services
8111
82
8211
8221
8222
8231
8243
8244
8249
8299
Educational services
Elementary & secondary schools
Colleges & universities
Junior colleges
Libraries
Data processing schools
Business & secretarial schools
Vocational schools, nec
Schools & educational svcs, nec
48
Table 7. Continued
SIC
Activity
Industry Description
Code
83
Social services
Individual & family services
Job training & related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
8322
8331
8351
8361
8399
84
8412
8422
Museums, gardens and zoos
86
8611
8621
8631
8641
8651
8661
Membership organizations
Museums & art galleries
Botanical & zoological gardens
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic & social associations
Political organizations
Religious organizations
Membership organizations, nec
8699
87
8711
8712
8713
8721
8731
8732
8733
8734
8741
8742
8743
8744
8748
Engineering & management
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Account., auditing, & bookkeeping
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organiz.
Testing laboratories
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Facilities support services
Business consulting, nec
49
Table 7. Continued
SIC
-
Activity
Industry Description
Code
88
8811
Private households
89
8999
Miscellaneous services
Private households
Services, nec
50
Table 8. Composition of Oregon's Government Service Sector
SIC
Activitiy
Industry Description
Code
Federal Government
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Timber tracts
0811
Trans., Comm., and Utilities
U.S. Postal Service
Electric services
4311
4911
Finance, lnsu. & Real Estate
Federal & fed .-sponsored credit
Insurance carriers, nec
Cemetery subdividers & developers
6111
6399
6553
Services
Amusement & recreation, nec
Nursing & personal care, nec
General medical & surg. hospitals
Elementary & secondary schools
Social services, nec
Engineering services
Services, nec
7999
8059
8062
8211
8399
8711
8999
Public Administration
9199
9211
9221
9222
9223
9229
9311
9431
9441
9451
9511
9512
9531
9532
9611
General government, nec
Courts
Police protection
Legal counsel & prosecution
Correctional institutions
Public order & safety, nec
Fin., taxation & monetary policy
Admin. of public health programs
Admin. of social & manpower prog.
Administration of vets' affairs
Air, water, & solid waste mgmt
Land, mineral, wildlife conserv.
Housing programs
Urban & community development
Admin. of general economic prog.
51
Table 8. Continued
SIC
Activitiy
Industry Description
Code
Regulation, admin. of trans.
Regulation, admin. of util.
Regulation of ag. marketing
Regulation misc. comm'l sectors
National security
International affairs
9621
9631
9641
9651
9711
9721
State Government
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Timbertracts
0811
0831
Forest products
Construction
Highway & street construction
1611
Manufacturing
Commercial printing, lithographic
2752
Trans., Comm., and Utilities
Telephone communications, ex radi
Television broadcasting stations
4813
4833
Finance, Insu. & Real Estate
Pension, health, & welfare funds
Real property lessors, nec
6371
6519
Services
7999
8051
8062
8063
8111
8211
8221
8231
8322
8331
8361
8399
Amusement & recreation, nec
Skilled nursing care facilities
General medical & surg. hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Legal services
Elementary & secondary schools
Colleges & universities
Libraries
Individual & family services
Job training & related services
Residential care
Social services, nec
52
Table 8. Continued
SIC
Activitiy
Industry Description
Code
Business associations
8611
Public Administration
Executive offices
Legislative bodies
General government, nec
Courts
Police protection
Legal counsel & prosecution
Correctional institutions
Public order & safety, nec
Fin., taxation & monetary policy
Admin. of educational programs
Admin. of public health programs
Admin. of social & manpower prog.
Administration of vets' affairs
Air, water, & solid waste mgmt
Land, mineral, wildlife conserv.
Urban & community development
Admin. of general economic prog.
Regulation, admin. of trans.
Regulation of ag. marketing
Regulation misc. comm'l sectors
National security
9111
9121
9199
9211
9221
9222
9223
9229
9311
9411
9431
9441
9451
9511
9512
9532
9611
9621
9641
9651
9711
Local Government
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Lawn & garden services
0782
Construction
Highway & street construction
1611
Trans., Comm., and Utilities
4111
4119
4491
4493
4899
Local & suburban transit
Local passenger trans., nec
Marine cargo handling
Marinas
Other Communication
53
Table 8. Continued
SIC
Activitiy
Industry Description
Code
Electric services
Electric & other services combined
Water supply
Sewerage systems
Refuse systems
Sanitary services, nec
Irrigation systems
Other Trans., Comm., and Utilities
4911
4931
4941
4952
4953
4959
4971
9999
Finance, Insu & Real Estate
Fire, marine, & casualty insurance
Nonresidential building operators
Real estate agents & managers
Cemetery subdividers & developers
Other Real estate
6331
6512
6531
6553
6599
Services
7389
7999
Business services, nec
Amusement & recreation, nec
Skilled nursing care facilities
General medical & surg. hospitals
Other Health services
Elementary & secondary schools
Junior colleges
Libraries
Individual & family services
Job training & related services
Social services, nec
Museums & art galleries
Other Membership organizations
Other Services
8051
8062
8099
8211
8222
8231
8322
8331
8399
8412
8699
9999
Public Administration
9111
9131
9199
9224
9229
Executive offices
Executive & legislative combined
General government, nec
Fire protection
Public order & safety, nec
54
Table 8. Continued
SIC
Activitiy
Industry Description
Code
9411
9511
9512
9531
9532
9611
9621
9631
9641
9999
Admin. of educational programs
Air, water, & solid waste mgmt
Land, mineral, wildlife conserv.
Housing programs
Urban & community development
Admin. of general economic prog.
Regulation, admin. of trans.
Regulation, admin. of util.
Regulation of ag. marketing
Other Public Administration
55
Chapter 3
An Overview of Oregon's Economy
3.1. Oregon's Gross State Product (GSP) by Industry
According to the data obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the
U.S. Department of Commerce, Oregon's GSP, which is equivalent to the state's GDP
(gross domestic product) amounted to about $72 billion in 1995 (Table 2). A
breakdown of these eight sectors shows the share of each sector in Oregon's economy
for 1995: non-financial private sector (wholesale and retail trade, construction,
transportation, communications, and utilities) twenty-eight percent, financial services
eighteen percent, other private services eighteen percent, government services twelve
percent, agriculture seven percent, wood industries seven percent, other manufacturing
five percent, high-tech industries five percent (figure 1).
These findings indicate that a major portion of Oregon's economic activities are
focused on the service sectors. The private non-financial services sector largely
consists of retail and wholesale trade (SIC 50-59). The major contributors to the
This data is reported based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes.
56
financial services sector are real estate (SIC 65) and depository institutions (SIC 60).
In other private services (figure 2) the largest contributors are health services (SIC 80)
and business services (SIC 73). Oregon's government services sector, mainly at the
state and local level, is also a significant factor in Oregon's GSP. Of the remaining
industries, agriculture relies mainly on farm production (SIC 0 1-02) and processed food
and kindred products (SIC 20), wood industries mainly depend on lumber and wood
products (SIC 24). Contributions to other manufacturing industries are made mainly by
printing and publishing (SIC 27) and metal products (SIC 3 3-34). Major contributions
to high-tech industries are mainly from electronic equipment (SIC 36), industrial
machinery (SIC 35), and instrument (SIC 38).
Table 9. Oregon Gross State Product (Million $) by 2 digit SIC 1992-1 995
1993
Sector/Industry Description
SIC
1992
Code
All
All industries
62724 65797
64104
65439
4715
63621
1609
460
1228
84
207
1127
01-02
07
20
28 (Ag)
50 (Ag)
51 (Ag)
Farms
Agricultural Services
Food and Kindred products
Chemicals and Allied products
Wholesale durable goods
Wholesale nondurable goods
1584
444
1209
82
205
1110
Wood industries
4304
3343
4253
3303
4015
3118
24
25
26
Lumberand wood products
Furnitureand Fixtures
Paper and allied products
135
133
817
126
771
High-tech industries
35
36
38
Industrial machinery and equipment
2829
779
1306
744
2670
735
1233
702
3068
Electronic&otherelectricequipment
Instruments and related products
Other Manufacturing
08
08-09
10
13
14
21
22
23
Forestry&Fishery
Metal Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, excluding fuels
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textiles
64355
63607
4608
1576
450
69624
69108
4937
1680
484
1203
82
193
1104
1282
87
227
1177
4712
3660
147
905
3134
863
1447
824
3601
66362
65471
4785
1634
454
1247
85
220
1145
4558
3540
143
875
3032
835
65860
65253
4676
1400
797
3486
1258
717
3133
878 921.02 897.31701 900.830464 974.59 928.92411
921.8972
Sector Sum
Agriculture
1994
chain-type chain-type
chain-type chain-type
current q index
current q index
p index
p index
4532
1553
434
1185
81
191
1088
3963
3078
124
761
2636
726
1217
693
3030
826
2863
788
1322
753
3290
4634
3251
1596
463
1218
83
197
1119
4098
3183
128
787
2726
751
4
4
4
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
69
65
0
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
65
71
77
66
72
77
84
75
82
67
71
70
76
64
76
4
1
74
1
66
73
Table 9. Continued
1993
SIC
Code
Sector/Industry Description
27
28
29
30
32
33
34
37
39
Printing and publishing
Chemical and aliied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber & miscel. plastics products
Stone, clay and glass products
Primary metal products
Fabricated Metal products
Motor Vehicles and equipment
Mescel. manufacturing industries
Private Non-Financial Services
15-17
Construction
41
Local&interurbanpassengertransit
42
44
45
47
48
49
50-51
52-59
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Transportation Services
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Financial Services
60
61
63
64
65
Depository institutions
Non-depository institutions
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, & services
Real estate
1992
705
107
59
192
180
587
487
329
179
17470
2540
101
1314
154
379
220
1508
1685
3490
6079
10997
1686
268
767
407
7603
1994
chain-type chain-type
chain-type chain-type
current q index
p index
current q index
p index
766
116
64
209
195
637
529
357
194
18515
2692
107
1393
163
402
233
1596
1786
3699
6444
11656
1787
284
813
431
8059
630
523
353
714
108
60
194
182
595
493
333
838
127
70
228
214
698
579
192
181
17887
2601
103
1346
158
388
225
1542
1725
3574
6225
11259
1726
274
785
417
7785
18096
2631
105
1361
160
393
228
1560
1746
3616
6296
11395
1747
278
795
422
7877
213
19495
2835
756
115
63
206
193
391
113
1466
172
423
246
1681
1880
3895
6784
12273
1882
299
856
454
8485
811
729
123
68
221
111
61
207
675
560
378
206
18272
2657
106
1374
161
396
230
1575
1763
3651
6359
11505
1764
280
802
428
7953
199
186
607
504
340
185
18638
2710
108
1402
164
404
235
1607
1798
3724
6486
11733
1799
286
818
434
8112
Table 9. Continued
1994
1993
SIC
Code
Sector/Industry Description
67
Holding Co.s & investment services
Other Private Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
70
72
73
75
76
78
79
80
Motionpicture
Amusement and recreation services
81
82
83-86
88
89
Health services
Legal services
Educational services
Social Services organizations
Private households
Other services
-
Government Services
Federalciviliangovernment
-
Federal military government
State and local government
1992
chain-type chain-type
chain-type chain-type
current q index
current q index
p index
p index
266
282
272
276
297
278
284
11359
464
430
2104
631
230
110
395
3871
718
320
12041
11631
11768
492
456
2230
669
244
475
440
2154
646
236
113
404
3964
735
328
810
84
1242
7875
1593
209
6073
481
12678
518
480
2348
704
257
123
11882
485
450
2201
660
441
4320
413
4049
801
751
12117
495
459
2245
673
245
117
421
4130
766
357
883
92
1354
8277
1618
212
6447
335
827
86
1269
7957
1535
791
82
1213
7813
1654
217
5942
117
419
4103
761
339
838
87
1286
8054
1636
215
6203
445
2180
654
238
114
409
4010
744
332
819
85
1257
7987
1697
223
6067
241
115
201
6221
341
844
87
1294
8128
1743
229
6156
Table 9, Continued
1995
SIC
Code
All
01-02
07
20
28 (Ag)
50 (Ag)
51 (Ag)
current
All industries
SectorSum
Agriculture
Farms
Agricultural Services
Food and Kindred products
Chemicals and Allied products
Wholesale durable goods
Wholesale nondurable goods
Wood industries
24
25
26
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and Fixtures
Paper and allied products
High-tech industries
35
36
38
chain-type chain-type
p index
q index
Sectorllndustry Description
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic & other electric equipment
Instruments and related products
Other Manufacturing
72760
72511
5139
1746
510
1332
91
237
1223
4918
3820
154
944
3271
901
1510
860
3758
67679
67240
4895
1671
464
1275
87
227
1171
4712
3660
147
905
3134
863
1447
824
3601
67491
67449
4764
1623
482
1238
84
200
1137
4154
3226
130
798
2762
761
1275
726
3175
08
08-09
10
13
14
21
22
23
Forestry & Fishery
Metal Mining
OI and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, excluding fuels
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textiles
921.8972 947.35926 944.72766
5
5
1
1
4
1
67
79
0
76
0
0
81
77
84
68
74
88
Table 9. Continued
1995
SIC
Code
Sectorllndustry Description
27
28
29
30
32
33
Printing and publishing
Chemical and allied products
Petroleum and coat products
Rubber & miscel. plastics products
Stone, clay and glass products
Primary metal products
Fabricated Metal products
Motor Vehicles and equipment
Mescel. manufacturing industries
34
37
39
current
Private Non-Financial Services
15-17
Construction
41
Local&interurbanpassengertranSit
Trucking andwarehousing
42
44
45
47
48
49
50-51
52-59
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Transportation Services
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Financial Services
60
61
63
64
65
Depository institutions
Non-depository institutions
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, & services
Real estate
875
133
73
238
223
728
604
408
222
20527
2985
119
1544
chain-type chain-type
p index
q index
838
127
70
228
214
698
579
739
112
62
201
189
391
615
510
345
213
18673
2715
108
1405
188
19390
2819
112
1459
181
165
445
259
405
235
1610
171
421
1770
1980
4101
7143
12922
1981
315
901
478
8934
1801
3731
6498
11755
1802
286
820
435
8128
244
1672
1870
3874
6748
12205
1871
297
851
452
8439
Table 9. Continued
1995
SIC
Code
Sector/Industry Description
67
Holding Co.s & investment services
current
Other Private Services
70
72
73
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83-86
88
89
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion picture
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Legal services
Educational services
Social Services organizations
Private households
Other services
Government Services
-
-
Federal civilian government
Federal military government
State and local government
chain-type chain-type
p index
q index
313
284
295
13344
545
505
2472
741
270
129
464
4548
844
376
929
96
1425
8629
1619
212
6798
12145
496
460
2249
675
246
118
422
4138
768
342
846
88
1297
8324
1480
12608
515
477
2335
700
255
194
238
6340
6650
122
438
4297
797
355
878
91
1348
8389
1811
Figure 1. 1995 Oregon Economy by Sector Share of GSP
Government Services
12%
Agriculture
7%
Wood industries
7%
High-tech industries
5%
Other Manufacturing
5%
Other Private Services
18%
Financial Services
18%
Private Non-Financial
Services
28%
Figure 2. 1995 Oregon "Other Private Services"
Hotels services
Other services
11%
4%
Personal services
4%
Private households
1%
Social Services
7%
Business services
19%
Educational services
3%
Legal services
6%
Auto repair & parking
6%
Misc. repair services
2%
Motion pictures
1%
Amusement & recreation
3%
Health services
33%
65
3.2. Oregon's Exports to the Rest of the World
According to trade data reported by National Trade Data Bank, University of
Massachusetts (MISER), Oregon exported about $ 9.43 billion in 1995 (Table 10).
High-tech equipment exports was about 46% of Oregon's total exports. Agriculture
sector exported 26%, wood industries exported 15 %, other manufacturing products
13% (Figure 3). The top ten importing countries from Oregon are: Japan, Canada,
South Korea, Germany, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and
Australia. The 1989-1995 export trends indicate that while agricultural and lumber
exports are declining, the exports of high-tech products (industrial and commercial
machinery and computer equipment, electric and electrical equipment, measuring and
analyzing equipment) are rising.
The MISER data is an Origin of Movement (0. M.) series, which allocates
exports to the transportation origin of exports. Accuracy of this data set is good when
looking at manufactured exports. However, it overstates exports of bulk commodities
from states with large ports. (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1996)
A relatively new set of data is the Exporter Location (EL) series. The
Department of Commerce claims that this series has advantages in consistency. It
allocates exports to the physical location of exporters. In other words it traces the
export activity from the initial point of sale. The EL series is a useful tool for export
66
promotion where the goal is to identify concentrations of international marketing
activity, while the Origin of Movement series is useful in transportation planning.
However, for Oregon, we discovered large discrepancies between Oregon farm
production of crops (SIC 01) and livestock (SIC 02) and exports reported by the EL
series. For example, aggregate production of crops and livestock in Oregon amounted
to about $3 .062 billion in 1995 whereas Oregon exports of SIC 01 and 02 reported by
the EL series ($3 .253 billion) surpassed Oregon's total production in these categories.
In the absence of held over inventories, this discrepancy indicates that the EL data
includes pass through exports from other states such as Idaho which are credited to
Oregon. Therefore, we rely on MISER Series I export data reported in Table 10.
Table 10: The U.S. and PNW exports to the world, by state, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, ($ U.S.), 1995
SIC
Code
ALL
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL COMMODITIES
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KiNDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQIJIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE & GO%
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAF
UNIDENTIFIED
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABLISHM
IDAHO
OREGON
WASHINGTON
PNW TOTAL
U.S.A.
1,973,287,594
9,436,454,308
24,847,377,699
36,257,119,601
583,030,524,528
74,472,542
5,111,722
411,368
1,800,538
11,470,804
2,033,892,392
1,506,820
4,123,109
39,506,428
453,700
998,829
9,633
2,642,521
339,348,831
3,664,486,432
76,765,403
25,679,240
460,850,758
17144233
2,289,350
50,384,055
26,552,981
1,471,778,266
835,530
32,802,331
55,043,454
2,242,692,172
21,901,598
1,359,341,460
72,943,666
328,206,431
311,238,637
122,177,166
17,247,058
43,204,684
655,641,141
183,570,027
1,172,952,588
1,081,082,056
10,214,144,599
608,844,426
180,719,913
203,587,044
18,182,488
60,369,674
64,718,838
5,772,851,366
83,383,945
30,213,717
502,157,724
29,068,737
3,288,179
50,399,578
32,662,557
1,997,509,337
848,779
38,342,210
78,800,468
3,373,394,747
39,487,114
1,826,812,529
106,401,026
495,889,034
343,399,710
199,830,412
94,816,108
96,058,294
899,169,449
311,767,420
4,017,897,644
3,234,560,010
10,612,047,948
1,207,723,689
255,759,968
332,971,245
24,473,461
76,292,890
88,840,306
30,161,147,301
960,819,398
297,062,505
2,952,067,619
1,586,100,710
3,573,756,914
733,557,130
1,320,632,037
27,268,049,546
5,300,061,532
6,115,094,381
7,655,885,935
7,832,232,081
3,233,512,864
15,730,889,565
4,841,084,887
60,335,418,848
6,148,122,931
11,725,056,948
1,777,548,258
5,079,139,916
21,607,080,715
16,245,059,417
105,947,586,799
92,203,527,655
87,722,920,290
32,312,267,532
9,934,049,624
6,250,757,499
2,218,112,312
1,660,649,227
2,301,272,152
0
5,890
3,467,055
186,382,240
0
13,249
194,180
1,020,836
24,599,670
2,717,637
188,514,226
4,022,971
81,286,160
344,382
3,088,548
431,735
580,676
2,696,748
22,215,089
701,976,364
584,496,013
40,086,115
16,786,683
2,918,160
6,047,616
940,392
3,493,394
1,707,840
5,345,699
22,736,178
1,106,102,905
14,867,879
278,956,843
29,434,389
86,396,443
31,816,691
74,564,698
77,137,315
52,272,934
240,831,560
105,982,304
2,142,968,692
1,568,981,941
357,817,234
582,092,580
72,121,895
123,336,585
5,350,581
12,429,822
22,413,628
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER), State of Origin of Exports.
PNW's
SHARE
OF U.S.
6.22%
19.14%
8.68%
10.17%
17.01%
1.83%
0.09%
6.87%
2.47%
7.33%
0.02%
0.63%
1.03%
43.07%
1.22%
11.61%
2.20%
0.82%
5.59%
1.70%
5.33%
1.89%
4.16%
1.92%
3.79%
3.5t%
12.10%
3.74%
2.57%
5.33%
1.10%
4.59%
3.86%
Figure 3. 1995 Oregon's Export to the World, by sector Shares
Other Manufacturing
Government Sector
2%
13%
Agriculture Sector
25%
k
Wood Sector
15%
High-tech Sector
45%
69
3.3. Oregon's Employment and Payrolls
According to data obtained from 1995 Oregon Covered Employment published
by the State of Oregon Employment Division, Oregon's industries employed over 1.4
million people. The total payroll was about $36.5 billion (Table 11). The breakdown
of Oregon's economy by industry employment is as follows: 36% in private nonfinancial services, 25% in other private services, 16% in government services, 6% in
other manufacturing, 5% in financial services, 3% in agriculture, 5% in wood
industries, and 4% in high-tech industries (Figure 4).
The breakdown by payroll followed that of employment very closely: 30% in
private non-financial services, 22% in other private services, 18% in government
services, 7% in other manufacturing, 6% in financial services, 6% in wood industries,
7% in high-tech industries, and 4% in agriculture (Figure 5).
70
Table 11. 1995 Oregon Total Payroll and Average Employment
SIC
Code
Sector/Industry Description
All Industries
Agriculture
Agricultural production - crops
Agricultural prod - livestock
Agricultural services
Food and kindred products
28(Ag) Chemicals and Allied products (AG)
50(Ag) Wholesale Durable Goods
51(Ag) Wholesale Nondurable Goods
01
02
07
20
Wood Industries
24
25
26
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Paper and allied products
35
36
38
Industrial machinery & equipment
Electric & electronic equipment
Instruments & related products
08
09
10
13
14
22
23
27
28
29
30
Forestry
Fishing, hunting & trapping
Metal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nometallic minerals ex fuels
Textile mill products
Apparel & other textile products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber & misc, plastic products
Leather & leather products
Stone, clay & glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Transportation equipment
Misc. mfg. industries
High-tech Industries
Other Manufacturing
31
32
33
34
37
39
95 Average
95 TOTAL
Payroll ($)
Employment
1,411,687
36,474,339,132
1,368,763,993
309,836,514
40,072,532
179,652,027
604,273,009
6,601,294
44,480,445
183,848,172
70,253
21,831
2,295
2,103,297,984
1,593,465,199
91,013,559
418,819,226
65,952
53,254
3,687
9,011
2,458,849,769
817,826,661
1,213,007,046
428,014,062
57,285
21,237
26,691
9,357
2,573,891,210
93,267,876
27,550,780
1,086,985
967,474
55,271,457
38,983,539
50,438,335
455,623,888
109,531,751
16,851,801
172,723,923
9,584,648
135,154,239
411,360,075
391,658,184
499,978,285
103,857,970
85,600
4,402
716
11,541
25,399
282
1,607
7,298
37
35
1,615
1,582
2,904
16,060
2,807
427
6,535
459
4,230
10,603
13,442
15,147
4,599
71
Table 11. Continued
SIC
Code
Sector/Industry Description
15
16
17
41
General building contractors
Heavy construction contractors
Special trade contractors
Local and interurban transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Transportation services
Communication
Electric, gas and sanitary svcs
Wholesale durable goods
Wholesale nondurable goods
Bldg. material & garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Auto dealers & service stations
Apparel and accessory stores
Furn. & home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail
Non-financial Services
42
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Financial Services
60
62
63
64
65
67
Depository institutions
Nondepository institutions
Sec. commodity brokers/services
Insurance carriers
Ins, agents brokers & service
Real estate
Holding & other invest, offices
70
72
73
75
76
78
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Auto repair, services & garages
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
61
Other Private Services
95 TOTAL
Payroll ($)
95 Average
Employment
11,282,521,922
489,782,191
354,198,777
1,274,970,051
61,697,532
825,160,875
99,661,631
204,753,796
128,698,452
486,868,045
415,723,972
1,775,715,130
1,101,342,336
254,013,859
588,768,657
643,482,781
794,100,669
186,395,426
223,941,541
924,792,182
448,454,019
486,118
16,712
9,135
42,695
4,219
28,805
2,246
6,277
4,966
12,666
9,019
48,678
32,267
11,854
33,380
40,099
31,631
13,320
11,102
98,153
28,894
2,232,351,896
602,344,473
193,630,947
208,872,229
512,996,767
260,035,771
364,191,313
90,280,396
73,908
7,946,881,874
231,301,225
168,375,437
1,645,204,174
284,804,851
110,083,229
88,881,352
350,976
22,221
5,124
2,988
14,515
7,871
19,081
2,108
19,721
11,444
77,275
13,310
4,603
5,929
72
Table 11. Continued
SIC
Code
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
87
88
89
Sector/Industry Description
Amusement & recreation services
Health services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Museums, gardens and zoos
Membership organizations
Engineering & management svcs
Private households
Miscellaneous services
Government Services
Total Federal Government
Total State Government
Total Local Government
95 Average
95 TOTAL
Employment
Payroll ($)
243,186,152
16,418
2,870,945,518
95,299
9,310
333,032,092
12,838
263,132,253
483,188,366
34,133
19,126,855
1,120
268,500,784
20,611
887,802,227
25,660
2,811
32,654,315
16,662,844
494
6,473,249,250
1,151,453,090
1,601,274,547
3,720,521,613
Source: 1995 Oregon Covered Employment and Payrol}s, State
of Oregon, Employment Division
220,213
30,402
52,913
136,898
Figure 4. Employment Contribution of Oregon's Economic Sectors, 1995
Government Services
16%
Agriculture Sector
5%
Wood Sector
5%
High-tech Industries
4%
Other Manufacturing
6%
Other Private Services
25%
Non-financial Services
34%
Financial Services
5%
Figure 5. Payroll Contribution of Oregon's Economic Sectors, 1995
Agriculture Sector
4%
Government Services
Wood Sector
6%
18%
High-tech Industries
7%
Other Manufacturing
7%
Other Private Services
22%
Non-financial Services
30%
Financial Services
6%
75
Chapter 4
The Importance of Oregon's Agricultural Sector
4.1 Previous Studies and Their Methods of Measuring The Sectors Economic
Importance
Previous studies have utilized several methods to measure the importance of
agriculture in a state's economy. These procedures often utilize employment, income,
sales, and value-added (or Gross State Product) to estimate the economic impacts.
Employment and income can be broken down into their direct and indirect impacts.
The direct effect is the income or employment created within the sector per unit
of output. For example, each dollar of output in say farm production generates "X"
dollars of income and each million dollars of output generates "Y" number of jobs.
To capture the impacts of indirect employment and income, Input-Output (1-0)
models are often used. 1-0 models measure economic impacts through the use of a
mathematical representation of the purchasing and sales patterns within a state or
region. An 1-0 model charts the economic linkages between sectors within the state.
The information derived from these models can be used to trace multiplier effects,
which describe the economic impact of an industry by following the dollar flow
through the economy. To explain the idea of an income multiplier, a portion of income
76
earned by one industry is spent and becomes income to a second industry. In turn, this
second industry spends a portion of that income so that it become income to yet another
industry, and so forth. Therefore when expenditures of one sector increase, the
income of other sectors will increase by a multiple of the original increment.
Employment multipliers indicate the number of jobs that will result from an increase in
demand in a certain sector. These indirect measures are meant to describe the linkages
between sectors within the economy and to illustrate the relative importance of each
sector to the economy. Also, by modifying 1-0 models, one can forecast the effects of
changes in an industry and thus attempt to predict how these changes will affect the
overall economy.
Of the studies that used 1-0 models to capture indirect effects of employment
and income, most used multipliers generated by the U.S. Forest Service Impact
Analysis for Planning system (IMPLAN).The IMPLAN system is able to estimate 1-0
models for any county, state, or region in the U.S. It does this with a large data base,
and software and algorithms to estimate regional or sectoral 1-0 models derived from
this data. Nonsurvey 1-0 models such as IMPLAN are not viewed favorably by many
regional researchers unless they are modified to fit a certain region. Researchers
recommend collecting and using region-specific data on trade patterns, technical
77
coefficients and household consumption for the largest sectors in the economy to create
a "hybrid" model (Leones).
Sales is another measure that is sometimes used to measure the impact of
agriculture on the state's economy. For example, the study on California's food and
fiber industry measure the sales impact. The sales impact measures how agricultural
purchases influence total private sector sales. For example, California can measure
sales linked to anything that farm dollars purchase such as equipment, packaging, and
electricity (Carter and Goldman). The multiplier effects calculated using IMPLAN
show the aggregate sales effect of the agricultural sectors on the state.
A final measure that reflects the importance a sector has on the state's economy
is value-added. Value-added is the value of goods and services sold by a sector of the
economy, minus the cost of materials, supplies, fuel, electricity, and contract work.
Value-added in agriculture would indicate value added to the economy from farm
products, less processing costs, transportation, and other inputs. In other words,
value-added measures the "economic value which is added" at a production level4.
Walden, Michael, North Carolina State University. Study Presented at
Symposium at the 1994 AAEA Annual Meetings.
78
There are advantages and disadvantages in each of these methods of measuring
the economic importance of a sector. In using direct income and direct employment to
measure economic importance the advantage is that public audiences are readily able to
comprehend the results. However employment and income may severely understate the
importance of a sector such as agriculture. The reason is because direct employment
and income measures don't take into account differences in worker productivity. Thus,
these measures will diminish the importance of sectors with high productivity. For
example, in the manufacturing sector, using employment as the measure of importance
would show a 40 year decline in manufacturing, when in reality value of manufactured
output has risen continuously and manufactured output as a fraction of all U.S. product
and service output is the highest its been in the last 40 years (Walden, 1994).
Indirect measures of employment and income to estimate a sector's economic
importance also has advantages and disadvantages. The benefit of using indirect
measures is that multipliers are able to analyze marginal impacts. In other words one
can analyze the total impact on the economy when the agriculture industry expands by
say one million dollars. However, multipliers were not developed to analyze the total
impact of the existence of an entire industry. An example given by Walden in the
North Carolina study says that if the direct estimate of relative importance of
agribusiness in a state is 20% of the gross state product, and if the multiplier for
79
agribusiness is 2, then in follows that agribusiness is responsible for 40% of the state
economy. In further examining this issue, it is unclear as to what would happen if the
20% agribusiness industry disappeared. Would it then be the case that another 20% of
the state economy also disappear? Therefore, if the objective is to measure marginal
impacts of income or employment on a state's economy, multipliers can be used.
However, one should be cautious in using multipliers to retrieve a static estimate of the
value of agriculture in a state's economy.
Sales is also very understandable to the public, however using sales as a
measure of economic importance has major drawbacks. First is the problem of double
counting. The value of an input produced at one level will be counted again at each
higher production level. For example multiple counting occurs when a raw product is
counted as farm output, then counted in the output of a processing sector, and then
counted again at the retail level.
Another problem with sales as a measure of economic importance is that the
sales value may include inputs produced outside of the state. For example the sales
value of a food processing industry in the state may include the value of raw goods
produced in another state. Clearly, there are serious problems in using sales value as a
measure of economic importance.
80
Value-added is the final measure of economic importance. It avoids the
problems that other measure encountered. The degree of worker productivity will be
accounted for in value-added. Multiple counting of inputs is avoided because only the
value which is added at a production level will be attributed to that level. Also, the
value of inputs produced from outside the state will not be included in value-added of
that state. The disadvantage of value-added is that it is not a concept that is well
understood by the public. However the advantages clearly outweigh this drawback in
using value-added as a measure of an industry's impact on the state economy.
4.2 Current Data Sources Available on Economic Importance
Costly and time-consuming surveys can be avoided by using data available in
published sources. At the farm level, crop and livestock values are available through
the Oregon State University Extension Service publication "Oregon County and State
Agricultural Estimates."
At the processing level, value-added numbers are available by Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) and by state from the U.S. Department of Commerce
publication "Annual Survey of Manufactures." (ASM) These publications are available
with about a three year lag and can be updated to current year by using Producer Price
81
Index available monthly publications by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ASM also
contains data on number of employees and income for each manufacturing sector at the
national and state level.
Gross State Products are available through the U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) with about a two year lag.
They can also be
updated using Producer Price Indexes as described previously. These GSP values are
expressed both in constant and current dollar values. The BEA data also includes
information on returns to capital and returns to labor in each sector of the economy.
Sales by category and state are available through the federal Census of
Wholesale Trade and Census of Retail Trade. These census are published every five
years and can be updated using the appropriate consumer or producer price indexes. A
problem is that the wholesale and retail values are sales, not value-added (Walden).
As Walden explains, these sales can be converted to value-added using margins
published in Food Marketing Review.
Current employment and wage data by sector is available through the State of
Oregon Employment Department's publication "Covered Employment and Payrolls by
Industry and County." Export data is available through the University of
Massachusetts, State of Origin of Exports (MISER). MISER contains information on
exports from the U.S. and each individual state by two-digit SIC commodity groups.
82
Other sources of export data include the "Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United
States" (FATUS), published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic
Reporting Service.
4.3 The Ideal Data Set Needed to Capture The Impact of Agriculture on Oregons
Economy
To measure the exact economic importance of agriculture to Oregon's economy
there are several requirements needed in the data that are not available now. Without
this "perfect" data set, it is difficult to determine how accurate our estimates are with
the given data sources.
The two most glaring problems with the data set available for Oregon have to
do with: (1) employment and payroll and (2) exports. First, the State of Oregon
Employment Division furnishes only data on "covered" employment. "Covered"
employment includes only those employees who are covered by Oregon Employment
Department Law and by the program of Unemployment Compensation for Federal
Employees (UCFE). Excluded from this definition are self-employed workers,
agricultural laborers working for a farm with a quarterly payroll of less than $20,000
or not employing at least 10 persons in each of 20 separate weeks during any calendar
year, and some part-time workers. Therefore, this data will underestimate the total
83
employment in the agricultural sector. During the years 1980 to 1993 it is estimated
that the ratio of covered employment to total employment (covered and non-covered),
expressed as a percentage has varied between 80.8 percent and 89.4 percent with an
average of 85.6 percent. (State of Oregon)
The available data on exports also underestimates the importance of agricultural
exports in Oregon's economy. The available data sources contain information on
Oregon's exports by commodity groups to all the foreign countries in the world.
However if one is interested in Oregon's exports and the impact it has on Oregon's
economy, one must also consider the exports to other states within the U.S. In
essence, exports to other states should be treated as if they were to foreign countries.
Currently there is no data available on Oregon domestic shipments of agricultural
products. Therefore, the available export data will tend to underestimate the
importance to Oregon's economy.
Finally, value-added data available through the Annual Survey of Manufactures
are gross dollar value and gross employment number. However if one wants to look at
the relative importance of a sector in Oregon's economy, value-added should be
presented relative to a total economic measure for Oregon. For example, a good
measure would be agricultural value-added as a percentage of total state value-added.
This relative measure is also called Gross State Product (Walden).
84
4.4 Oregon's Agricultural Sector Performance Based on Different data Sets
4.4.1 Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data
The Agricultural Sector Gross State Product based on data from BEA (U.S.
Department of Commerce, 1993) is shown in Table 12. In 1995, the GSP created by
agriculture is estimated to be about $5.1 billion. The most significant contributions
come from farm production (SIC 01-02), food and kindred products (SIC 20), and
wholesale non-durable goods (SIC 51).
Table 12. BEA Estimates on Oregon Gross State Product ($Million) in the
Agricultural Sector.
$
II
Total Agriculture
Farms
Agricultural services
Food and kindred products
Chemicals and allied products
Wholesale durable goods
Wholesale non-durable goods
4S; 4715
453"
44
1185
1609
460
1228
84
4$
128:
9F' 207
1Ô
*See notes at end of Table 9 for estimation techniques.
1127
5138
1746
510
1332
91
237
77
1223
85
4.4.2 Oregon State University (OSU) Data
The agricultural sector based on Oregon State University data is presented in
Appendix, Table 2. In 1995 the Gross State Product in agriculture is estimated to be
about $6.58 billion. In order to make this data comparable to BEA and ASM data
some adjustments were needed. At the farm and food processing levels, OSU data was
used. However, to completely capture the agricultural sector, GSPs for SIC 07, 28,
50, and 51 (sectors for which OSU does not provide data) were drawn from BEA.
4.4.3 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) data
The agricultural sector based on ASM data is presented in Appendix, Table 3.
Of the activities that are considered to be agriculturally related, ASM provides only
data on SIC 20 (Food and Kindred Products). To be complete, GSP for the other
activities were taken from BEA data. Completing the table in this manner allows us to
compare differences among the different data sources.
The next section examines Oregon Food Processing Industries Performance
Relative to the United States. The value-added Oregon's food processing sector
according to different data sources is shown in Table 13.
86
Table 13: Comparison of Oregon's Food Processing Value-added Estimates
Value-added by Food Processing ($ Million)
Data Source
1993
1994
1995
BEA
1,228
1,282
1,332
OSU
1,332
1,442
1,463
ASM
2,085
2,098
2,127
IMPLAN
1,428
NA
NA
USDA
1,699
1,621
NA
Sources:
BEA: REIS-CD-ROM.
OSU: "Oregon Agricultural Commodities," OSU, EC 1233, July 1994.
ASM: The U.S. Department of Commerce, "Annual Survey of
Manufactures, " 199 1.
IMPLAN: OSU-College of Forestry.
USDA: ERS estimates based on OECD methodology;
4,5 Economic Impact of The Agricultural Processing Sector
In this study, the economic impact of the agricultural processing sector is
measured by value-added, employment created per million dollars of value-added, and
wage income generated per million dollars of value-added. In 1994, based on the 1994
87
Annual Survey of Manufactures publication by the U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of the Census, value-added in food and kindred products (SIC 20) was about
$1.99 billion according to ASM. This is up from 1993, which was about $1.55 billion.
In terms of employment, in 1994 the processing of food products created 11.6 jobs per
million dollars of value-added, which is down from 15 jobs per million dollars of
value-added in 1993. In terms of wages, 27 cents of income was generated per dollar
of value-added in 1994, down from 29 cents in 1993.
Similar comparisons are made for Oregon's wood and high-tech sectors relative
to the PNW and U.S. economies. These results are presented in Appendix Table 4 and
Appendix Table 5.
Within the food and kindred products category, preserved fruits and vegetables
(SIC 203) ranked highest in 1994 value added with $693.9 million, followed by dairy
products (SIC 202) with $277.9 million and bakery products (SIC 205) with $276.8
million. In terms of employment meat products (SIC 201) created 14.9 jobs per
million dollars value-added. This is followed by miscellaneous food and kindred
products (SIC 209) with 14.7 jobs per million dollars of value- added and preserved
fruits and vegetables (SIC 203) with 13.7 jobs per million dollars of value-added. In
terms of income, bakery products (SIC 205) provided 34 cents wage generated per
dollar of value added, followed by meat products (31 cents) and preserved fruits and
88
vegetables, grain mill products, and miscellaneous food and kindred products (all with
28 cents per dollar value-added). These results are presented in Appendix Table 4. In
1994 as well as 1993, compared with the United States, Oregon generated more
employment and income per dollar of value-added in agricultural processing.
89
Chapter 5
The Competitiveness (Comparative Advantage) of Oregon's Industries
Before choosing any strategic investment policy to improve Oregon's growth
prospects, we must identify Oregon's comparative advantage. The purpose of this
section is to measure the competitiveness of different industries in Oregon relative to
the United States, as well as the inter-regional competitiveness of the Oregon's
industries relative to the Pacific Northwest (PNW) states of Idaho and Washington
during 1989-1995 time period.5
The first section of this part establishes the definition of competitiveness. The
second section explains the methodology employed for the measurement of the
competitive strength of an export industry in a given state (region) relative to a
geographical region or a nation. The third section provides measurements of the export
competitiveness of the Oregon's industries relative to similar industries in the U.S. and
the PNW region.
The Pacific
Northwest Export Competitiveness in International Markets. Working Paper No. 0194. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Agricultural Trade and
Marketing Program, Oregon State University. pp. 3-7. 1994.
This methodology is completely drawn from Ernami, Au.
90
5.1 Definition of 'Competitiveness"
In recent years the issue of domestic and international "competitiveness" has
become an important agenda for firms, industries, and nations. A variety of definitions
have been advanced to defme and measure "competitiveness" in different dimensions
based on:
the level of economic activity, such as the "firm", the "industry", or the
"national" level;
the nature of goods and services: homogeneous or differentiated,
agricultural or non-agricultural products and services, food or non-food
products and services, raw material
(bulk), semi-manufactured/semi-processed, manufactured/processed;
the regionality of markets: domestic, international or both; and
the policy prescriptions for enhancement of business profitability, export
competitiveness, economic growth, and sectoral productivity.
Depending on the nature of objectives of studies concerned with
"competitiveness", different definitions for "competitiveness" and different
justifications for factors affecting "competitiveness" have been proposed. Although
there is little consensus among definitions, almost all studies recognize the notion of
"opportunity cost" (the earning of any resource in its different use). Basically, if
91
region A produces a product with a cost (relative to the cost of production of other
products in the same region) lower than the relative cost in another region (region B),
then region A can sell that product at a lower price to region B, provided that adding
transportation, insurance, trade barriers, and other costs keeps A's price lower than
B's.
In this context, competitiveness can be defined as a nation's or region's ability
to produce and market products outside of its borders in return for payments to the
resources (labor, land, and capital) employed in the production of those products.
These payments must be at least comparable to what those resources could be paid in
the production of alternative products or services. Maintaining competitiveness
involves a nation's or region's ability to adjust to the changes in the technological
production processes (i.e., changes in the mix of resource use); changes in the price
paid for resources used in production; changes in the demand for old or new products
in import markets; and changes in national, regional and international trade rules,
agreements and policies. Countries or regions that have the ability to adjust to these
dynamic changes in the production side of their products as well as the changes in the
market conditions and national and international policies will be able to sustain their
92
dynamic competitiveness. This definition of competitiveness is identical to what is
commonly referred to as "comparative advantage" or "relative cost advantage"
5.2.
Measurement of Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage
5.2.1 Measuring Comparative Advantage: Methodology
In some instances, there may exist factors that would tend to distort relative
prices. For example, in many developing countries, social or economic profitability
deviates from private profitability because of distortions in the factor and output
markets, externalities, and government policy interventions that tend to make relative
prices misleading. In a study that assesses the comparative advantage in the Indonesian
economy three indicators are used: the net social or economic profitability (NSP), the
6This study employs terms such as competitiveness, comparative advantage,
revealed comparative advantage, and efficiency interchangeably.
93
domestic resource cost (DRC), and the resource cost ratio (RCR)
These indicators
are defined as follows:
NSP = (P -
aj
boi. P) x Yo
pb
= (pb
bokPS) X
bokP
DRC=
P
RCR=
\'of
and
aOiP'f
bokP
DRC
a3P,)E
E*
Gonzales, Leonardo A., Faisal Kasryno, Nicostrato D. Perez, Mark W.
Rosegrant. Economic Incentives and comparative Advantage in Indonesian Food Crop
Production. International Food Policy Research Institute, Research Report 93.
94
where world (border) prices are taken as shadow prices of tradable inputs and outputs,
rs
r0
rb
r0 and
S
=
b
.
The terms are defined as follows:
P = shadow price of output 0;
P = shadow price of tradable input j;
ps
= shadow price of nontradable input k;
= quantity ofthejth input needed to produce a iuiit of output 0;
quantity of the kth input needed to produce a iuiit of onput o;
=
yield per hectare of output 0;
P = border - price equivalent of output o in foreign cthrency, a4justed for
transport, storage, distribution, and quality differences;
P = border - price equivalent of input j in foreign cthrency, a4justed for
transport, storage, distribution, and quality differences; and
= equilibrium nominal exchange rate, taken as the shadow value of the
exchange rate.
95
NSP is calculated on a per hectare basis. It is the difference between gross
revenue and total costs expressed in economic prices. A production activity has
comparative advantage if the NSP is greater than zero.
The DRC is the "own exchange rate" of a particular production activity, since
the numerator is expressed in local currency whereas the denominator is expressed in
foreign currency. DRC measures the social opportunity cost of domestic resources
employed in earning or saving a marginal unit of foreign exchange. As a measure of
comparative advantage, DRC can be used to determine the economic competitiveness
of a production activity by comparing it with the shadow exchange rate (SER) of the
currency. Thus, an activity is economically competitive if the opportunity cost of
earning or saving an incremental unit of foreign exchange is less than the SER. The
smaller the DRC relative to the SER, the greater the activity's comparative advantage.
Those activities with the smallest DRCs display the greatest relative comparative
advantage.
The RCR is the ratio of DRC to SER. It is a measure of resource use efficiency
because market prices used in the calculations have been adjusted net of taxes and
subsidies. The criteria for comparative advantage is as follows: RCR < 1 signifies an
advantage, RCR
I is neutral, and RCR > 1 indicates a disadvantage.
96
5.2.2 Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCAI) Methodology
Comparative advantage is expected to determine the structure of exports. The
commodity pattern of trade reflects relative cost and the differences in non-price
factors. Hence, the trade performance of individual states, regions, or countries in
different products can be used to discover information about competitiveness. From
patterns of trade which are revealed in the real world, the revealed "relative export
perfoance" (relative export market shares) can be used as an indicator of "revealed
comparative advantage" (Balassa, [1965, 1977 and 1978], Volirath [1985], human,
[1980]). The export performance of individual industries in a particular state such as
Oregon can be evaluated by comparing the "relative shares" of Oregon's producers in
the world export market. For Oregon's export performance of individual industries,
for example, this task is accomplished by dividing Oregon's share of a given
commodity from its total exports by the same share for the same commodity in the U.S
or PNW. This forms an index number for a given export commodity known as
"revealed comparative advantage index" (RCAI). For example, a RCAI number of 120
for a given commodity from Oregon relative to PNW will indicate that Oregon's share
in this commodity's export is 20% higher than its share in the total exports of the PNW
and hence that industry is 20% more competitive than its counterpart industry in the
97
PNW.8 Therefore, RCAI can indicate advantages or disadvantages in a certain industry
relative to another state or region. However, stating that Oregon's RCAI relative to
the PNW is greater than one hundred, say 121 %, doesn't necessarily mean that Oregon
has a comparative advantage compared to a trading partner by 21 %. It only means that
Oregon has more of an advantage relative to its trading partners than does the PNW.
For the purpose of this study, the ith state's RCAI's in commodity group (j) in
import market (k) relative to PNW region are calculated as:
X,1k
Xyic
RCAIIJk,PNW
-
XPNW, jk
XPNW,Jk
where Xijk indicates the value of exports of commodity j from the ith state to the Kath
import market.
This study utilized the "revealed comparative Indexes" reported in Emami,
Au. The Pacific Northwest Export Competitiveness in International Markets. Working
Paper No. 01-94. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Agricultural
Trade and Marketing Program, Oregon State University. 1994
98
indicates the total value of the exports of all commodities (is) from the jthl state
to the kth import market,
XpNW,jk indicates the value of the exports of the jth commodity from the PNW
region to the "k"th import market, and
XpNw,jk indicates the total value of the
exports of all commodities exported from the PNW region to the "k"th import market.
Alternatively, for each state (i) its RCAI in commodity group (j) in import
market (k) relative to the U.S. are calculated as:
J4k
RCAJk, U.S. -
Xu. s. ,jk
Xu. s. ,jk
99
where XU.S.,jk indicates the value of the exports of the jth commodity from the U.S. to
the "k"th import market, and
Xu s. ,jk indicates the value of the exports of all
.
commodities from the U.S. to the kth imports market.
The PNW region's RCAI in each commodity group j relative to the U.S. are
calculated based on:
jk
X°Mv,fk
RCAIPNW,Jk,U.S.-
Xu.s.,k
.Ku.s. ,jk
where XPNW,jk indicates exports of commodity j from PNW to import market k.
In this study the kth import market has been designated to represent World (one
may wish to designate the "k"th import market to represent EC, NAFTA (Canada and
Mexico) and Japan's markets one at a time). Commodity group j encompasses 2-digit
100
SIC code, commodities which include: SICs 01, 02, 08, 09, 10, 12, 13, 14, 20-39, 91,
92, 98, and 99.
5.3 Oregon's Competitiveness by Industry
Oregon's industry competitiveness relative to the PNW and U.S. from 1989
through 1995 are presented in Tables 14 through Table 20 (the export data from which
these were derived are presented in Appendix, Table 6- Table 12).
These tables show
detailed revealed comparative advantage indexes for Oregon, Idaho, and Washington
industries by 2-digit SIC Codes. As it is indicated, Oregon's comparative advantage
relative to the PNW and U.S. has been changing over 1989-1995 time period.
Compared to the PNW, Oregon has, in past years, been more competitive in
agricultural production (SIC 01), food products (SIC 20), textile products (SIC 22),
apparel and other textile (SIC 23), lumber (SIC 24), furniture and fixture (SIC 25),
printing and publishing (SIC 27), rubber and plastic products (SIC 30), leather and
leather products (SIC 31), stone, clay and glass products (SIC 32), fabricated metal
products (SIC 34), industrial machinery and computer equipment (SIC 35), electric and
electronic equipment (SIC 36), measuring instrument (SIC 38), and other
manufacturing products (SIC 39). Compared to the U.S. industries, Oregon, in recent
years, has been efficient (competitive) in crops (SIC 01), food products (SIC 20),
101
lumber (SIC 24), paper products (SIC 26), leather and leather products (SIC 31), and
measuring instrument (SIC 38) during 1989-1995 time period.
Table 14: The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI), by Industry, 1995
SIC
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Commodity Groups
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING & TRAPPING
METALMINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES AND FIXTURES
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
RCA! in PNW
RCA! in U.S.
PNW
Idaho
Oregon Washington
Oregon Washington
93%
73%
24% / 135%
285%
308%
41T
7%
10%
'140%
8
ft
25%
52%
41%
86%
464%
7%
30%
18%
83%
'
214%
2%
86%
25%
29%
6%
0%
0%
2%
2%
1%
0%
0%
D
0%
0% 110%
161%
31%
78%
12%
47%
40%
' 159y
65%
77%
1II
118%
127%
0%
0%
0%
6%
0%
0%
9%
1%
5%
13%
10%
17%
24%'
4%
18%
17%
93%
13%
97%
672%
873%
693%
f,i267
81%
25%
28%
16%
20%
45%
190%
59%
M%
'1O%
203%
187%
69%
lOó%
25%
38%
35%
35%
16°/
40%
9%
13%
13%
67%
97%
301%
2%
32%
36%
132%
2%
90%
119%
8%
24%
27%
28%
89%
39%
143%
8%
27%
7%
23%
86%
313%
268%
11%
64%
209%
66%
3%
20%
30%
6%
69%
4%
71%
67%
103%
106%
40%
86%
40%
27%
31%
131%
131%
43%
26%
61%
321%
195%
125%
205%
49%
28%
56%
186%
187%
105%
332%
7%
13%
14%
25%
140%
273%
195%
26%
74%
15%
44%
60%
185%
111%
21%
9%
45%
43%
41%
103%
108%
Idaho
14
41
2%
54%*..
SOURCE: Table 5.
Notes: I. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
2. "RCAI' is calculated as the ratio of:
I(Export of product to the world from state)/(Total export of all products to the world from state)J
t(Export of product to the world from region)/(Total export of all products to the world from region)j
Table 15: The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI), by Industry, 1994
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
SIC
IDAHO
Code
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COALMINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER& WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES& FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER& LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
RCAI in PNW
OREGON
48%
219%
7%
74%
32%
7%
0%
0%
38%
I67S%.
0%
0%
97%
4%
57%
0%
10%
24%
''
16% >
199%
44%
'240%
2%
32%
15%
15%
10%
130%
468%
456%
2%
20%
31%
RCAI In U.S.
WASHINGTON IDAHO
,
07%
IIS%
89%
129%'
61%
51%
170%
415%
264%
166%
151%
221%
185%
13%
220%
130%
OREGON WASHINGTON
5h-J
70%
8%
54%
24%
28%
1
95%
93%
100%
85%
75%
97%
96%
102%
119%
85%
18%
60%
87%
84%
44%
55%
130%
72%
96%
SOURCE Table 5.
Notes: I. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
2. "RCAI" is calculated as the ratio of:
I(Export of product to the world from state)/(Total export of all products to the world from state)]
I(Export of product to the world from region)/(Total export of all products to the world from region)1
$$
%
0%
1%
4%
0%
5%
20%
102%
26%
1085%
541%
326'
14"
88%
19%
36%
2%
7%
8%
4%
6%
39%
206%
206%.
6%
10%
bOb
429%
%
!4L3
2%
0%
0%
43%
6%
2%
57%
39%
85%
1%
10%
17%
0%
0%
62%
PNW
2)°o
56%
9%
38%
37%
214%
75%
95%
45%
97%
83%
32%
112%
44%
21%
2%
42%
41%
91%
0%
8%
17%
634%
2°o
16%
1J°/
l64%
44%
42%
15%
89%
18%
9%
17%
50%
25%
19%
25%
327%
36%
32%
15%
74%
22%
52%
28%
57%
30%
44%
45%
25,1%
51%
33%
Table 16: The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI), by Industry, 1993
SIC
Code
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
IDAHO
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPING
METALMINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME&PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE,CLAY&GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOtJS MANUFACTURING
RCAI in PNW
OREGON
RCAI in U.S.
WASHINGTON IDAHO
50%
199%
11%
34%
92%
33%
16%
2291°,
0%
17%
?I221%
0%
39%
23%
23%
244°%
260%
32%
3670/.
1%
47%
18%
11%
11%
197%
593%
492%
3%
34%
59%
78%
114%
' i 3044
iii$
9%
'
37%
37%
11%
26%
-J,,,
0%
X12S%
0%
N9%.
123%
32%
124%
93%
0%
12%
90%
414i
'uU34h
19,%
279%
93%
109%
71%
42%
217%
488%
363%
161%
240%
250%
251%
10%
271%
165%
SOURCE: Table 5.
Notes: 1. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
90%
118%
93%
100%
84%
57%
95%
101%
95%
116%
78%
23%
60%
91%
67%
48%
52%
123%
67%
88%
OREGON WASHINGTON
'
81%
1%
0%
0%
44%
104%
0%
9%
18%
1080%
42%
187%
0%
2W
4%
126%
37%
362%
17%
47%
0%
9%
6%
3%
5%
47%
251%
165%
9%
15%
19%
'
129%'
58%
9%
28%
42%
173%
83%
68%
57%
106%
84%
27%
119%f
53%
'
PNW
',,is6v
,'2*w.
91%
80%
282%
3%
1%
85%
38%
76%
0%
6%
241%
16%
468%
9%
132%
53%
12%
78%
15%
8%
16%
38%
16%
20%
17%
341%
30%
28%
16%
569%
15%
139%
53%
13%
67%
19%
35%
27%
42%
24%
42%
34%
278%
44%
32%
1% " 110%
11%
1%
68%
41%
85%
0%
6%
Table 17: The Regional and National "Revealed Comparative Advantage Index" (RCAI), by Industry, 1992
SIC
Code
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
IDAHO
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING,HUNTING&TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURESANDFIXTURES
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY&GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
43%
94%
62%
27%
1421%.
0%
0%
RCA! in PNW
OREGON
227w
79%
19%
124%
41%
39%
0%
0%
48%
115%
2I4' 261
19%
14%
8%
159%
808%
430%
2%
26%
43%
101%
126%
61%
37%
179%
532%
255%
185%
168%
261%
300%
8%
84%
64%
40%
35%
97%
ll4%j
A%
269.
0%
0%
87%
87%
66%
87%
0%
243%
32%
36%
266%
53%
309%
2%
85%
RCA! in U.S.
WASHINGTON IDAHO
QN%'
77%
65%
94%
97%
99%
115%
S6%
24%
75%
88%
85%
43%
51%
121%
304°(o
(5%
97%
103%
SOURCE: Table 4.
Notes: 1. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
2. "RCA!" is calculated as the ratio of:
I(Export of product to the world from state)/(Total export of all products to the world from state)J
I(Export of product to the world from region)/(Total export of all products to the world from region)J
2%
j
OREGON WASHINGTON
442%
13%
79%
53%
7%
0%
0%
32%
112
0%
(4%
13%
8%
15%
4%
1231
n
37°/n
4'°
362%
28%
43%
2%
12%
6%
4%
5%
41%
290%
119%
7%
11%
16%
137%
67%
8%
26%
25%
I 83%
153%
2°
(,46
132%
19%
1%
73%
71%
71%
0%
5%
14%
60%
66%
82%
0%
5%
14%
19%
401) /
12
127%
52%
14%
79%
54%
14%
69%
14%
8%
34%
26%
67%
26%
36%
28%
19%
59%
22%
37%
18%
13(0
12%
66°/a
l2ti'o
194%
150%
12%
1%
125%
43%
94%
83%
21%
PNW
16%
14%
331%
27%
39%
27%
42%
38%
Table 18: The regional and national "Revealed Comparative Index" (RCAI), by industry, 1991
SIC
Code
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
IDAHO
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OILANDGASEXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER&WOODPRODUCTS
FURNITURES& FIXTURES
PAPER&ALLIEDPRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL&ALLIEDPRODUCTS
PETROLEUME&PRODUCTS
RUBBER& PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATIIER&LEATHERPRODUCTS
STONE,CLAY&GLASS
.
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUSMANUFACTURING
54%
73%
35%
25%
0%
0%
.4
NE
346%
27%
31%
38%
231%
3%
331%
5%
79%
21%
5%
28%
276%
942%:
466%
3%
27%
61%
RCAI in PNW
OREGON
229%
18%
57%
34%
7%
0%
1%
67%
132%
NE
,1I9%
137%
323%
iI34
136%
71%
30%
197%
604%
256%
84%
195%
272%
324%
8%
320'o
120%
RCAI in U.S.
WASHINGTON IDAHO
so%.VFV
52%
49%
38%
'
42%, 44%
"
,]
0%
0%
74%
88%
24I%
0%
22%
3%
NE
88%
96%
73%
64%
93%.
96%
97%
115%
84%
17%!
77%
105%
78%
41%
49%
119%
65%
98%[
I06'
7%
311%
24%
33%
2%
12%
7%
1%
25%
57%
289%
113%
8%
11%
18%
SOURCE Table 3.
Notes: 1. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
2. "RCAI' is calculated as the ratio of:
1(Export of product to the world from state)/(Total export of all products to the world from state)J
I(Export of product to the world from region)/(Total export of all products to the world from region)J
OREGON WASHINGTON
436%
152%
13'o
78%
53%
1%
0%
0%
46%
82%
109
0%
8%
13%
I469
61%
152%
62%
7%
13%
30%
UY7%:
59%
76%
41%
84%
79%
23%
133%
35%
l5%
4
p
176%
8%
1%
51%
72%
72%
0%
6%
9%
394%
12%
125%
44%
10%
50%
13%
6%
18%
95%
16%
13%
12%
342%
27%
28%
PNW
190%
72%
137%
154%
19%
1%
42%
69%
82%
0%
6%
9%
c3y%
19%
134%
46%
10%
44%
15%
33%
23%
90%
21%
31%
24%
237%
42%
29%
Table 19: The regional and national "Revealed Comparative Index" (RCAI), by industry, 1990
SIC
Code
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3!
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER&WOODPRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING&PUBLISHING
CIIEM1CAL&ALLIEDPRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY& GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
IDAHO
RCA! in PNW
OREGON
50%
198%
116
44 o
Th°/
3094%
(1%
0%
76%
314%
0%
315%
42%
25%
312%
98%
244%
8%
42%
10%
10%
33%
244%
1%
342%
3%
26%
44%
RCAI in U.S.
WASHINGTON IDAHO
84%
101%
3
h4%
55%
42%
'
I5,o
40%
42%
3%
5%
0%
22%
146%
13%
24
21d%
82%
14&%
47%
27%
1%%
609%
236%
91%
214%
293%
311%
8%
302%
129%.
24%
402%
11%
51%
58%
2%
0%
0%
23%
111%
0%
0%
16%
10%
15%
14%
0%
0%
77%
.
$PY
84%
74%
83%
76%
69%
96%
92%
1M%
11t%
88%
13%
79%
103%
75%
43%
47%
120%
67%
97%
SOURCE: Table 2.
Notes: I. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
2. "RCA!" is calculated as the ratio of:
1(Export of product to the world from state)/(Total export of all products to the world from state)J
((Export of product to the world from region)/(Total export of all products to the world from region)J
OREGON WASHINGTON
3%
140/
I
396%
37%
32%
4%
6%
3%
2%
34%
49%
228%
126%
9%
11%
12%
172%
S2%
PNW
203%
2%
1%%
8%
71%
0%
6%
116%
101%
76%
I3S'/
05%
0%
4%
6%
427%
4
II /
103%
56%
6%
13%
25%
214%
50%
94%
43%
89%
72%
22%
126%
34%
10%
Ole
122'Y
35%
14%
53%
12%
4%
17%
IöS%
15%
13%
11%
339%
28%
26%
0%
5%
7%
559%
16!/
127%
38%
13%
46%
14%
35%
21%
104%
20%
30%
23%
283%
42%
26%
Table 20: The regional and national "Revealed Comparative Index" (RCAI), by industry, 1989
SIC
Code
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
IDAHO
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MININGOFNONMETALICMINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LIJMI3ER&WOODPRODUCTS
FURNITURES&FIXTURES
PAPER&ALLIEDPRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQtJIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
RCAI in PNW
OREGON
36%
181%
108%
11%
12%
43%
27%
60%
28%
2%
0%
76%
34%
323%
0%
55%
75%
23%
27%
323%
57%
230%
3%
39%
12%
22%
7%
181%
595%
699%
2%
25%
34%
RCAI in U.S.
WASHINGTON IDAHO
115%
74%
96%
18%
377%
11%
71%
1J
17%
rjd44
17%
10%
0%
0%
0%
86%
59%
84%
0%
5%
6%
530%
11%
85%
Z
t4V
1%
(' 1%
91%
92%
101%
38%
fJj7%
199%
231%
77%
33%
49%
29%
167%
92%
84%
82%
75%
97%
93%
106%
119°4
88%
23%
97%
477%
15%
93%
166%
257%
269%
9%
252%
112%
OREGON WASHINGTON
105%
83%
49%
43%
0%
54%
22%
101%
296%
93''o
0%
3%
5%
0%
9%
13%
l2%
4%
469%
22%
27%
2%
6%
3%
6%
9%
41%
194%
163%
123%
5/
70°Jo
11%
8%
100%
SOURCE Table 1.
Notes: I. Shaded areas indicate competitiveness (comparative advantage), and other areas indicate
the lack of competitiveness (comparative disadvantage).
2. "RCA!" is calculated as the ratio of:
I(Export of product to the world from state)/(Total export of all products to the world from state)J
j(Export of product to the world from region)/(Total export of all products to the world from region)J
1298
35%
III
53%
6%
20%
25%
137%
32%
113%
38%
84%
63%
21%
111%
23%
88%
jI56
PNW
1*%
89%
163%
60%
0%
71%
65%
92%
0%
6%
7%
680%
15%
141%
-15%
36%
12%
82%
13%
7%
25%
128%
19%
16%
10%
302%
31%
24%
38%
12%
69%
15%
29%
26%
122%
23%
33%
23%
246%
44%
24%
109
5.3.1 Oregon's Competitiveness in Agricultural Products
Table 21 below summarizes Oregon's agricultural revealed comparative
advantage indexes (RCAI) relative to the Pacific Northwest and U.S. economies
during the 1989 to 1995 time period.
Comparison of Oregon's Comparative Advantage in Agriculture Relative
to PNW and U.S. (%)
Table 21.
1990
1989
SIC
PNW
U PNW U PNW U
SIC
81
20
98
3
129
0
01
sic
2
1
-
46
1
1
3
3
32
9
U
PNW
S
127
6
2
7
PNW
S
S
S
37
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
U PNW
U PNW
U
S
S
S
4
3
4
0
2
5
0
3
1
117
23
2
3
4
119
3
-
35
3
1
7
35
1
2
2
3
Note: Shaded areas represent comparative disadvantage.
This table shows that, in the last seven years, Oregon's comparative advantage
in agricultural production has increased and the comparative advantage in food
products has been declining since 1992. Actually, in 1994 and 1995 Oregon is at a
comparative disadvantage in food products relative to the PNW and the United States.
A possible explanation of this decline in Oregon's comparative advantage in SIC 20
110
may be the fact that Oregon's labor costs for workers in SIC 20 are higher than that of
other states in the PNW and U.S.
Table 5 of the appendix shows that in 1994, Oregon workers in SIC 20 earn 27
cents per dollar of value-added, whereas incomes generated per dollar of value added
in Idaho, Washington, and the United States are 24 cents, 26 cents, and 22 cents
respectively. It also shows that food production in Oregon is more labor-intensive than
in Idaho, Washington, and the U.S. In Oregon, there were 12.8 jobs per million
dollars of value-added for the year 1994. For the same year, employment per million
dollars of value-added in Idaho, Washington, and United States was 10.7 jobs, 10.5
jobs, and 11.5 jobs respectively. The possibility that Oregon pays higher wages to
workers in food production relative to the PNW and U.S. combined with the notion
that food production in Oregon is more labor-intensive relative to the PNW and U.S.
may account for the fact that Oregon's comparative advantage in SIC 20 has declined in
recent years.
5.3.2 Oregon's Competitiveness in Wood-related Industries
The wood product industries are represented by two-digit SIC codes 24, 25, and
26. They represent lumber and wood products, furniture and fixtures, and paper and
allied products respectively. The following table presents the comparative advantages
111
of Oregon's wood-related industries relative to the Pacific Northwest and the U.S. from
1989 to 1995.
Comparison of Oregon's Comparative Advantage in Wood-related
Industries relative to PNW and U.S. (%)
Table 22.
1990
1989
SIC
PNW U PNW U PNW
S
99
SIC
24
131
SIC
25
SIC
26
1
PNW
173
1
137
1994
1993
U PNW
U PNW
U
S
S
S
S
1
93
9
2
3
1
8
9
8
0
7
6
9
3
5
-
170
1
1
-28
5
8
223
3
13
-
71
9
8
5
26
7
7
3
1
167
-
1
3
-7
45
78
179
5
3
3
9
5
2
1995
U PNW
1
6
5
-23
1
U
S
S
148
1992
1991
5
7
8
1
2
-ii
4
-
7
2
-41
"
Note: Shaded areas represent comparative disadvantage.
These indexes clearly show that Oregon has comparative advantage in lumber
and wood products (SIC 24) relative to the PNW (ranging from a 99% relative
advantage in 1989 to a 26% advantage in 1995). Oregon's comparative advantage in
SIC 24 relative to the U.S. is even more distinct, ranging from 1195% relative
1
0
112
advantage in 1989 to 773% in 1995. In the furniture and fixtures category (SIC 25)
Oregon holds a clear comparative advantage against the PNW, however versus the
U.S., Oregon is at a distinct disadvantage throughout the 1989 to 1995 time span.
Conversely, in the paper products category (SIC 26), Oregon holds a comparative
advantage relative to the U.S.; however, Oregon is at a comparative disadvantage
relative to the PNW (except for 1991 and 1992 when Oregon had a slight comparative
advantage).
5.3.3. Oregon's Competitiveness in High-tech Industries
The high-tech industries are represented by two-digit SIC codes 35, 36, and 38
which includes industrial machinery and computer equipment, electric equipment, and
measuring instruments respectively. The following table presents the computed
percentage comparative advantage of Oregon's high-tech industries relative to other
states of Pacific Northwest region and the United States during 1989-1995.
113
Comparison of Oregon's comparative advantage in high-tech industries
relative to PNW and U.S.
Table 23.
1989
SIC
1990
PNW U PNW U PNW
S
S
SIC
SIC
36
SIC
38
157
169
-
193
U
172
-
1
1
6
1
6
3
211
1
1
-
224
2
8
202
2
6
1994
U
S
PNW
U PNW
U PNW
U
S
S
S
161
-6
150
6
121
3
105
2
5
200
-
151
-
85
-
86
5
85
1
PNW
S
2
7
152
-
1993
1992
1991
220
-
1995
2
1
1
1
1
7
6
7
3
3
204
2
6
171
1
9
120
1
2
1
Note: Shaded areas represent comparative disadvantage.
Clearly, these indexes indicate that Oregon relative to PNW region has been
more efficient in the production of industrial machinery and computer equipment (SIC
35). For example Oregon was 157% more efficient in 1989, 193 % in 1990, 172% in
1991, 161% in 1992, 150% in 1993, 121% in 1994, and 105% in 1995. Relative to
U.S., Oregon improved its comparative advantage in the production of SIC 35 from -
16% comparative disadvantage in 1989, to being +25% more efficient in 1995.
Similarly, Oregon held its comparative advantage in the productions of electric
equipment (SIC 36) and measuring instruments (SIC 38) relative to PNW during 1989-
114
1995 time period. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its efficiency in the production
of SIC 36 from -37% inefficiency in 1989 to +5% of comparative advantage in 1995
while its comparative advantage in SIC 38 varied between 11 % and 26% in the 19891995 time span.
115
Chapter 6
Conclusion
These results indicate that Oregon is well balanced in the production of resource
and non-resource based products.
In 1995, Oregon's aggregate service sector which
includes both non-government private services (SICs 15-17 and SICs 41-99) and
government services generated about 76% of Oregon's gross state product (64% and
12% respectively), received about 76% of Oregon's payroll (58% and 18%
respectively), and employed about 80% of Oregon's total employment (64% and 16%
respectively). The lumber, wood and paper products contributed about 7% of
Oregon's GSP, received 6% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 5% of Oregon's
employment. The agriculture sector generated about 7% of Oregon's GSP, received
about 4% of Oregon's payroll, and accounted for about 5% of Oregon's employment.
The high-tech industries made about 5% of Oregon's GSP, received 7% of Oregon's
payroll, and employed about 4% of employment.
These results indicate that Value-added production (GSP), payroll, and
employment provided by these economic sectors makes Oregon, and regions within
116
Oregon grow mostly through our aggregate service activities. However, trade
oriented sectors of agriculture, wood, and high-tech injected nearly nine billion dollars
into the Oregon economy in 1995.
As the first step for providing guidance regarding strategic investments in
economic development, this study identified contribution of current economic activities
to Oregon economy in terms of revenue, employment and trade. Second, this study
revealed economic activities for which the region is most competitive and efficiently
contribute toward economic development of the region.
The comparison of Oregon's efficiency in agricultural sector relative to the
PNW and U.S. indicates that, in the last seven years, Oregon's comparative advantage
in agricultural farm production (crops) has increased but its comparative advantage in
agricultural processing (food products) has been declining since 1992. In fact, in 1994
and 1995 Oregon had comparative disadvantage in food products relative to both the
PNW and the United States economies. One hypothesis advanced earlier is that (based
on ASM wage component of value-added-bill), it is possible that this decline in
Oregon's comparative advantage in SIC 20 may be due to the Oregon's higher labor
costs (i.e., due to insurance compensation, or bidding seasonal workers away from
117
other states, etc.) higher for workers in SIC 20 relative other states in the PNW and
U.S. The possibility that Oregon pays higher wages to workers in food production
relative to the PNW and U.S. combined with the notion that food production in Oregon
is more labor-intensive relative to the PNW and U.S. may account for the fact that
Oregon's comparative advantage in SIC 20 has declined in recent years.
With regard to wood sector, the results indicate that Oregon has comparative
advantage in lumber and wood products (SIC 24) relative to both the PNW U.S.
economies. In the furniture and fixtures category (SIC 25) Oregon holds a clear
comparative advantage against the PNW region, however it has a distinct disadvantage
compared to the United States economy. Conversely, in the paper products category
(SIC 26), Oregon holds a comparative advantage relative to the U.S., however, Oregon
is at a comparative disadvantage relative to the PNW (except for 1991 and 1992 when
Oregon had a slight comparative advantage).
Oregon's economic diversification towards high-tech, non-resource base
industries is good news as long as clusters of such firms compensate their local
communities more than the social costs that their existence creates for those
communities, provided that they do not damage air and ground resources. During
118
1989-1995 time period, Oregon has been more competitive relative to the PNW region
in industrial machinery and computer equipment (SIC 35). However, The degree of
advantage has declined from 157% in 1989, to 105% in 1995. Relative to U.S.,
Oregon improved its comparative advantage in the production of SIC 35 from -16%
comparative disadvantage in 1989, to being +25% more efficient in 1995. Similarly,
Oregon held its comparative advantage in the productions of electric equipment (SIC
36) and measuring instruments (SIC 38) relative to PNW during 1989-1995 time
period. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its efficiency in the production of SIC 36
from -37% inefficiency in 1989 to +5% of comparative advantage in 1995 while its
comparative advantage in SIC 38 varied between 11% and 26% in the 1989-1995 time
span.
With regard to recent arguments advanced against high-tech industries, the
results of this study indicates that Oregon is becoming more efficient (regionally as
well as nationally) in production of high-tech products which may be partially be due to
economies of scale associated with this sector. Hence, there is nothing wrong with
following the "trickle-down" approach in strengthening Oregon's comparative
119
advantage in High-tech semiconductor industry, because as it was shown in Table 17,
Oregon's high-tech industries are competitive relative to PNW during 1989-1995
period, and it is becoming more competitive relative to U.S. Finally, no region can
sustain its economic well being by just following "trickle-up" or trickle-down"
approach. For a balanced economic growth and a sustainable standard of living regions
have to adopt hybrid of these approaches. For Oregon to succeed in economic
development, it takes both high-tech "trickle-down" and "trickle-up" strategies.
With regards to possible future research, a question that can be investigated is
"Why are we not competitive in certain industries (i.e., food processing)?" One could
hypothesize that labor costs, costs of materials, capital investments, and the cost of
other inputs are high relative to other regions. Hence, we cannot be competitive in
those industries. However, in further examining labor costs, wages are an indicator of
marginal productivity of labor. It may be the case that we are more competitive in
industries which pay higher wages relative to other regions. If this is the case,
increasing training and education programs to increase labor productivity, and thus
120
wages, in addition to changing infrastructure, could lead to further economic
development.
121
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126
APPENDIX
127
Appendix, Table 1. Commodity' Classifications
BULK COMMODITIES
SIC
HS CODE
0101110000
0101190000
0101200000
0102100010
0102100020
0102100030
0102100050
0102900000
0103100000
0103910000
0103920000
0104100000
0104200000
0105110010
0103110020
0105110040
0105190020
0105190040
0103910000
0105990000
0106000000
0407000020
0409000050
0511100000
0511994020
0601100000
0601200000
0602100000
0602200000
0602300000
0602400000
0602910000
0602992000
0602993010
0602993090
0602994000
0602996010
0602996020
0602996090
0602999010
0602999090
0604910000
0701100000
0701900000
0702000000
0703102000
0703105000
0703200000
0703900000
0704100000
0704200000
0704902000
0704904020
0704904040
0705110000
0705190000
0705210000
0705290000
0706103000
0706104000
0706900000
0707000000
CODE
0272
0272
0272
0241
0241
0211
0211
0211
0213
0213
0213
0214
0214
0259
0259
0259
0259
0259
0259
0259
0279
0259
0279
0211
0211
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0182
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0811
0134
0134
0161
0161
016!
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
HORSES. LIVE. PUREBRED BREEDING
HORSES. LIVE. EXCEPT PUREBRED BREEDING ANIMALS
ASSES, MULES AND H1NNIES, LIVE
BOVINE ANIMALS, LIVE, PUREBRED BREEDING DAIRY MALE
BOVINE ANIMALS LIVE, PUREBRED BREEDING DAIRY FEMALE
BOVINE ANIMALS. PUREBRED BREEDING EXCEPT DAIRY MALE
BOVINE ANIMALS. PUREBRED BREEDING EXCEPT DAIRY FEMALE
BOVINE ANIMALS. LIVE, NESOI
SWINE, LIVE, PUREBRED BREEDING ANIMALS
SWINE, LIVE. NESOI, WEIGHING LESS TI-IAN 50 KG EACH
SWINE. LIVE, NESOI. WEIGHING 50 KG OR MORE EACH
SHEEP. LIVE
GOATS. LIVE
CHICKENS LIVE, NOT OVER 185G BREEDING STOCK, EGG-TYPE
CHICKENS LIVE, NOT OVER 1850 BREEDING STOCK, MEAT-TYPE
CHICKENS, LIVE, NOT OVER 185G EACH, EX BREEDING STOCK
TURKEYS, LIVE, WEIGHING NOT OVER 185G EACH
DUCKS, GEESE AN!) GUINEAS, LIVE, NOT OVER 185G EACH
CHICKENS, LIVE, WEIGHING OVER 185G EACH
TURKEYS, DUCKS, GEESE, GUINEAS, LIVE, OVER 1850 EACH
ANIMALS, LIVE, NESOI
BIRDS' EGGS, IN SHELL FOR HATCHING
HONEY, NATURA1 NESOI
BOVINE SEMEN
CATI'LEEMBRYOS
BULBs, TUBERS, CORMS, CROWNS & RHIZOMES ETC DORMANT
BULBS, ETC IN GROWH OR FLOWER CHICORY
UNROOTED CUTFINGS AND SLIPS OF PLANTS, NESOI
TREES, SHRUBS, BUSHES WHICH BEAR EDIBLE FRUITINIJTS
R}IODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS, GRAFTED OR NOT
ROSES, GRAFTED OR NOT
MUSHROOM SPAWN
ORCHID PLANTS, LIVE
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, LIVE, WITH SOIL ATTACHED TO ROOTS
HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS WITH SOIL ATTACHED, LIVE, NESO!
HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS WITHOUT SOIL ATTACHED, NESOI
TREES AND SHRUBS WITH SOIL A11'ACHED TO ROOTS
POINSETI1AS, LIVE, WITH SOIL ATFACHED TO ROOTS
PLANTS, LIVE, Wfl'H SOIL ATTACHED TO ROOTS, NESOI
TREES AND SHRUBS WITHOUT SOIL ATTACHED, NESOI
PLANTS, LIVE, WITHOUT SOIL ATrACHED TO ROOTS, NESOI
FOLIAGE, BRANCHES ETC, FRESH
POTATOES, SEED, FRESH OR CHILLED
POTATOES, EXCEPT SEED, FRESH OR CHILLED, NESOI
TOMATOES, FRESHORCHILLED
ONION SETS, FRESH OR CHILLED
ONIONS AND sHALLoTs, NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED
GARLIC, FRESH ORCHILLED
LEEKS &OTHERALLIACEOUS VEGETABLES, FRESH OR CHILLED
CAULIFLOWER AND HEADED BROCCOLI, FRESH OR CHILLED
BRUSSELS SPROUTS, FRESH OR CHILLED
CABBAGE, FRESH OR CHILLED
BROCCOLI iNCLUDING SPROUTING BROCCOLI, FRESH OR CHILLED
KOHLRABI AND SIMILAR EDIBLE BRASSICAS NESOLFRESHJCHILLED
HEAD LETIUCE (CABBAGE LEITUCE), FRESH OR CHILLED
LETTUCE, EXCEPT HEAD LETTUCE, FRESH OR CHILLED
WITLOOF CHICORY, FRESH OR CHILLED
CHICORY, EXCEPT W1TLOOF, FRESH OR CHILLED
CARROTS, FRESH OR CHILLED
TURNTPS,FRESHORCHILLED
SALAD BEETS, RADISHES, ETC; NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED
CUCUMBERS AND GHERKINS, FRESH OR CHILLED
128
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
BULK COMMODITIES
HS CODE
0708100000
0708200000
0708900000
0709100000
0709200000
0709300000
0709400000
0709510000
0709520000
0709600000
0709700000
0709904070
0709905000
0714100000
0806100000
0807101500
0807103500
0807109000
0807200000
0808100000
0808200000
0809100000
0809200020
0809200040
0809300000
0809400000
0810100000
0810200000
0810300000
0810400020
0810400050
0810902060
0810905000
0901110000
0904110000
0905000000
0906100000
1001100000
1001901000
1001902000
1002000000
1003002000
1003004000
1004000000
1005100000
1005902000
1005904040
1005904060
1006100000
1007000020
1007000040
1008100000
1008200000
1008300000
1008900020
1008900040
1201000020
1201000040
1202100000
1204000000
1205000000
1206000020
1206000030
1206000061
1206000090
SIC
CODE
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0161
0182
0182
0161
0161
0161
0161
0139
0172
0161
0161
0161
0179
0175
0175
0175
0175
0175
0175
0175
0171
0171
0171
0171
0171
0179
0179
0179
0139
0179
0181
0111
0111
0111
0119
0119
0119
0119
0115
0115
0119
0115
0112
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0116
0116
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0119
0119
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
PEAS (PISIJM SATIVUM), FRESH OR CHILLED
BEANS (VIGNA SPP., PHASEOLUS SPP.) FRESH OR CHILLED
LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES, NESOL, FRESH OR CHILLED
GLOBE ARTICHOKES, FRESH OR CHILLED
ASPARAGUS. FRESH OR CHILLED
EGGPLANTS (AIJBERGINES). FRESH OR CHILLED
CELERY OTHER THAN CELERIAC. FRESH OR CHILLED
MUSHROOMS, FRESH OR CHILLED
TRUFFLES, FRESH OR CHILLED
FRUITS OF GENUS CAPSICUM OR PIMENTA FRESH OR CHILLED
SPINACH, NEW ZEALAND & ORACHE (GARDEN). FRESH OR CHILLED
SWEET CORN, FRESH OR CHILLED
VEGETABLES, NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED
CASSAVA(MM'IIOC) FRESH OR DRIED. WHETHERINT PELLET
GRAPES, FRESH
CANTALOUPES, FRESH
WATERMELONS, FRESH
MELONS, NESOI, FRESH
PAPAYAS (PAPAWS) FRESH
APPLES, FRESH
PEARS AND QUiNCES, FRESH
APRICOTS, FRESH
CHERRIES, SWEET VARIETIES, FRESH
CHERRIES, TART VARIETIES, FRESH
PEACHES, INCLUDING NECTARINES, FRESH
PLUMS, PRUNE PLUMS AND SHOES, FRESH
STRAWBERRIES, FRESH
RASPBERR1S/BLACKBERPJESIMULBERR1ES/LOGANBERRIES, FRESH
CURRANTS, BLACK, WHITE/RED &000SEBERRIES EX KIWI, FRESH
BLUEBERRIES, FRESH
CRANBERRIES/OTHER FRUITS GENUS VACCINIUM, NESOI, FRESH
KIWI FRUIT (CHINESE GOOSEBERRiES), FRESH
FRUITS, FRESH, NESOI
COFFEE, NOT ROASTED, NOT DECAFFEINATED
PEPPER OF GENUS PIPEL NEITHER CRUSHED NOR GROUND
VANILLA BEANS
CINNAJAON & CINNAMON-TREE FLOWERS, NT CRUSHED OR GROUND
DURUM WHEAT
WHEAT AND MESLIN SEED FOR SOWING (EXCEPT DURUM)
WHEAT AND MESLIN, EXCEPT SEED, NESOI
RYEINTHEGRAIN
BARLEY FOR MALTING PURPOSES
BARLEY, NESOI
OATS
CORN (MAIZE) SEED FOR SOWING, EXCLUDING SWEET CORN
CORN (MAIZE) YELLOW DENT, EXCEPT SEED
POPCORN, UNPOPPED, EXCEPT SEED
CORN (MAIZE) EXCLUDING SWEET CORN, NESOI EX SEED
RICEINTHEHUSK(PADDYORROUGH)
GRAIN SORGHUM SEEDS OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING
GRAIN SORGHUM EXCEPT SEEDS FOR SOWING
BUCKWHEAT
MILLET
CANARY SEED
WILD RJCE
CEREALS, NESOI
SOYBEAN SEEDS FOR SOWiNG
SOYBEANS, WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN, EX SEED FOR SOWING
PEANUTS (GROUND-NUTS) RAW, IN SHELL
FLAXSEED (LINSEED), WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
RAPE OR COLZA SEEDS, WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
SUNFLOWER SEEDS, WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN, FOR OIL STOCK
SUNFLOWER SEEDS, WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN, FOR SOWING
SUNFLOWER SEEDS FOR HUMAN USE, IN SHELL, NESOI
SUNFLOWER SEEDS NOT FOR HUMAN USE, NESOI
129
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
BULK COMMODITIES
MS CODE
1207100000
1207200000
1207300000
1207400000
1207500000
1207600000
1207910000
1207920000
1207990000
1209110000
1209190000
1209210020
1209210040
1209222000
1209224030
1209224040
1209224096
1209230020
1209230040
1209240000
1209250020
1209250040
1209260000
1209290020
1209290040
1209200045
1209290050
1209290060
1209290085
1209300000
1209914000
1209916000
1209918010
1209918020
1209918030
1209948040
4209918050
1209918060
1209918070
1209919000
1209992000
1209994020
1209994040
1209994060
1212300000
1212990000
1213000000
1214900020
1214900040
1301200000
1301900000
1302310000
1401100000
1404200000
1401900000
1402100000
1402910000
1402990000
1403100000
1403900000
1404100000
1404900000
2308100000
SIC
CODE
0139
0131
0139
0139
0119
0119
0139
0173
0173
0133
0181
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0139
0181
0181
0181
018!
018!
0181
0181
0181
0181
0181
0481
0181
0139
0139
0139
0175
0139
0139
0139
0139
0831
0831
0831
0831
0831
0831
0831
0831
0831
0139
0831
0139
0139
0831
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
PALM NIJTS AN!.) KERI'IELS. WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
COTTON SEEDS. WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
CASTOR BEANS, WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
SESAME SEEDS, WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
MUSTARD SEEDS. WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
SAFFLOWER SEEDS. WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
POPPY SEEDS. WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
SHEA NUTS (KARITE NUTS), WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN
OIL SEEDS & OLEAGINOUS FRUITS WHETHER OR NOT BROKEN. NESOI
SUGAR BEET SEED OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING
BEET SEED USED FOR SOWING EXCEPT SUGAR BEET SEED
ALFALFA (LUCERNE) SEED FOR SOWING, CERTIFIED
ALFALFA (LUCERNE) SEED FOR SOWING EXCEPT CERTIFIED
CLOVER (TRIFOLIIJM SPP.) SOWING SEED WHITE AND LADINO
CRIMSON CLOVER (TRIFOL1UM SPP.) SEED
CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM SPP.) SEED FOR SOWING. RED
CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM SPP.) SEED, NESO!
FESCUE SEED FOR SOWING. TALL
FESCUE SEED FOR SOWING, EXCEPT TALL
KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS (POA PRATENSIS L)SOWING SEED
RYE GRASS SEED FOR SOWING, ANNUAL
RYE GRASS SEED FOR SOWING. PERENNIAL
TIMOTHY GRASS SEED FOR SOWING
BENT GRASS (GENUS AGROSTIS) SEED FOR SOWING
ORCHARD GRASS SEED FOR SOWING
BERMUDA GRASS SEED OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING
SORGHUM-SUDAN GRASS SEED FOR SOWING
SUDAN GRASS SEED FOR SOWING
SEEDS OF FORAGE PLANTS, EXCEPT BEET, FOR SOWING, NESOI
SEEDS HERBACEOUS PLANIS PRINCIPALLY FLOWERS, FOR SOWING
ONIONSEEDSFORSOWING
PEPPER SEEDS FOR SOWING
CARROTSEEDSFORSOWINO
RADISH SEEDS FOR SOWING
SPINACH SEEDS FOR SOWING
CUCUMBER SEEDS FOR SOWING
LETFUCE SEEDS FOR SOWING
SQUASH SEEDS FOR SOWING
TOMATO SEEDS FOR SOWING
VEGETABLE SEEDS OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING, NESOI
TREE AND SHRUB SEEDS, FRUITS AND SPORES FOR SOWING
CANTALOUPE SEEDS, FRUIT AND SPORES USED FOR SOWING
WATERMELON SEEDS, FRUIT AND SPORES USED FOR SOWING
SEEDS, FRUITS AND SPORES USED FOR SOWING. NESOI
APRICOT PEACH OR PLUM STONES/KERNEL, EDIBLE., NESOI
VEGETABLE PRODUCTS (INC UNRT CHiCORY RD EDIBLE, NESOI
CEREAL STRAw AND HUSKS UNPREP WHINT CHOP ETC OR PELLET
HAY, WHETHER OR NOT IN THE FORM OF PELLETS
RUTABAGAS LUPINES VETCHES & SIMILAR FORAGE PRD NESOI
GUM ARABIC
NATURAL GUMS, GUM RESINS, RESINS AND BALSAMS NESOI
AGAR-AGAR
BAMBOO, USED PRIMARILY FOR PLAITING
RATI'ANS USED PRIMARILY FOR PLAITING
VEGETABLE MATERIALS PRIMARILY USED FOR PLArrrNG, NESOI
KAPOK USED PRIMARILY AS STUFFING OR PADDING
VEGETABLE HAIR USED PRIMARILY AS STUFFING OR PADDING
VEGETABLE MATERIALS FOR STUFFING OR PADDING, NESOI
BROOMCORN USED PRIMARILY IN BROOMS OR IN BRUSHES
VEGETABLE MATERIALS USED IN BROOMS AND BRUSHES, NESOI
RAW VEGETABLE MATERIALS USED IN DYEING OR TANNING
VEGETABLE PRODUCTS NESOI
ACORNS AND HORSE-CHESTNUTS USED FOR ANIMAL FEED
130
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
SEMI-PROCESSED COMMODITIES
HS CODE
0201100010
0201100090
0201203000
0201206000
0201303000
0201306000
0202100010
0202100090
0202203000
0202206000
0202303000
0202306000
0203110000
0203129000
0203192000
0203210000
0203229000
0203294000
0204100000
0204210000
0204220000
0204230000
0204300000
0204410000
0204420000
0204430000
0204500000
0205000000
0206100000
0206210000
0206220000
0206290000
0206300000
0206410000
0206490000
0206800000
0206900020
0206900040
0207102000
0207104020
0207104040
0207104060
0207210020
0207210040
0207220000
0207230000
0207310000
0207390020
0207390040
0207390060
0207410000
0207420000
0207430000
0207500000
0208100000
0208200000
0208900000
SIC
CODE
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2048
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
0919
2011
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
CARCASSES/HALF-CARCASSES OF VEAL FRESH OR CHILLED
CARCASSES/HALF-CARCASSES BOVINE ANIMALS, NESOL FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT BOVINE AN'I44jS. NESOL CUTS WITH BONE, PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT BOVINE
IMALS. CUTS WITH BONE EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT BOVINE ANIMALS, BONELESS PROCESSED. FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT BOVINE ANIMA.LS. BONELESS EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
CARCASSES AND HALF-CARCASSES OF VEAL, FROZEN
CARCASSES AND HALF CARCASSES BOVINE ANIMALS, NESOI. FROZEN
MEAT BOVINE ANIMALS, NESO!, CUTS WITH BONE. PROCESSED. FROZEN
MEAT BOVINE ANIMALS, CUTS WITH BONE EXCEPT PROCESSED, FROZEN
MEAT BOVINE ANIMALS. BONELESS, PROCESSED, FROZEN
MEAT BOVINE ANIMALS. BONELESS EXCEPT PROCESSED. FROZEN
CARCASSES .4J'.ID HALF-CARCASSES OF SWINE. FRESH OR CHILLED
HAMS/SHOULDERS AND CUTS, BONE IN EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT OF SWINE, NEsol, PROCESSED. FRESH OR CHILLED
CARCASSES AND HALF-CARCASSES OF SWINE, FROZEN
HAMS, SHOULDERS AND CUTS, BONE IN EXCEPT PROCESSED. FROZEN
MEAT OF SWINE. NESOI, EXCEPT PROCESSED, FROZEN
CARCASSES AND HALF-CARCASSES OF LAMB, FRESH OR CHILLED
CARCASSES AND HALF-CARCASSES OF SHEEP, FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT OF SHEEP, CUTS wrr BONE IN, NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED
MEAT OF SHEEP, BONELESS, FRESH OR CHILLED
CARCASSES AND HALF-CARCASSES OF LAMB, FROZEN
CARCASSES AND HALF-CARCASSES OF SHEEP. FROZEN
MEAT OF SHEEP, CUTS wrr BONE IN, NESOI, FROZEN
MEAT OF SHEEP, BONELESS, FROZEN
MEAT OF GOATS, FRESH, CHILLED OR FROZEN
MEAT OF HORSES, ASSES, MULES, HINNIES, FRESH. CHILLED OR FROZEN
OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
LIVERS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
OFFAL OF SWINE, EDIBLE., FRESH OR CHILLED
LIVERS OF SWiNE, EDIBLE, FROZEN
OFFAL OF SWINE EXCEPT LIVERS, EDIBLE. FROZEN
OFFAL OF SHEEP, GOAT, HOSE, ASS, MULE, fINN?, EDIBLE, FROZEN, CHILLED
OFFAL OF SHEEP (INCLUDING LAMB), EDIBLE, FROZEN
OFFAL, GOAT, HORSE, ASSES, MULE, HINNIES, EDIBLE FROZEN
TURKEYS, NOT CUT IN PIECES, FRESH OR CHILLED
CHICKENS, YOUNG, NOT CUT IN PIECES, FRESH, CHILLED
CHICKENS, NESOI, NOT Cl-if IN PIECES, FRESH, CHILLED
DUCKS, GEESE, AND GUINEAS, WHOLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
CHICKENS, YOUNG, NOT CUT IN PIECES, FROZEN
CHICKENS, NESOI, NOT CUT IN PIECES, FROZEN
TURKEYS, NOT CUT IN PIECES, FROZEN
DUCKS, GEESE, AND GUINEAS. NOT Cur IN PIECES, FROZEN
LIVERS, FATTY, OF GEESE OR DUCKS, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHiLLED
CHiCKEN CUFS AND EDIBLE OFFAL (INCLUDING LIVER), FRESH OR CHILLED
TURKEY CUTS AND EDIBLE OFFAL (INCLUDING LIVER), FRESH OR CHILLED
DUCKS, GEESE, GUINEAS CUTS AND EDIBLE OFFAL, NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED
CHICKEN CUFS AND EDIBLE OFFAL (EXCEPT LIVERS), FROZEN
TURKEY CUTS AND EDIBLE OFFAL (EXCEPT UVERS), FROZEN
DUCK, GF.P.SE, GUINEA CUTS AND EDIBLE OFFAL (EXCEPT LIVERS), FROZEN
POULTRY LIVERS, FROZEN
RABBIT OR HARE MEAT AND OFFAL, FRESH. CHILLED, FROZEN
FROGS' LEGS, FRESH, CHILLED, OR FROZEN
MEAT AND EDIBLE MEAT OFFAL NESO!, FRESH, CHILLED, FROZEN
131
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
SEMI-PROCESSED COMMODITIES
1-IS CODE
0209000000
0210110000
0210120020
0210120040
0210190000
0210200000
0210900000
0401 I00000
0401200000
0401300000
0402210000
0402910000
0402990000
0403900000
0404102000
0404104000
0405008020
0405008040
0407000040
0408110000
0408190000
0408910000
0408990000
0502100000
0502900000
0504000020
0504000040
0504000060
0505900020
0505900040
0506100000
0506900000
0511995000
0603100000
0603900000
0604100000
0604990000
0710100000
0710210000
0710220000
0710290000
0710300000
0710400000
0710800000
0710900000
0711100000
0711200000
0711300000
0711400000
0711900000
0712100000
0712202000
0712204000
0712300000
0712904020
0712904040
0712908050
0712909000
0713101000
0713102000
071320 1000
0713202000
0713311000
0713316000
0713321000
0713322000
SIC
CODE
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2026
2026
2026
2023
2023
2023
2026
2022
2023
2021
2021
0259
2015
2015
2013
2015
2011
0279
2013
2013
2013
2077
2077
2011
2011
2077
0181
0181
0831
0811
2037
2037
2037
2037
2037
2037
2037
2037
2035
2035
2035
2035
2035
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
PIG AND POULTRY FAT. FRESH. CHILLED FROZEN, SALTED. DRIED. SMOKED
HAMS, SHOULDERS AND CUTS. BONE IN, SALTED, DRIED, SMOKED
BACON
BELLIES. CW'S. SWINE. SALTED, IN BRINE. DRIED, SMOKED
MEAT OF SWINE NESOL, SALTED. IN BRINE, DRIED, SMOKED
MEAT. BOVINE ANIMALS, SALTED, IN BRINE. DRIED, SMOKED
MEAT AND OFFAL SALTED, DRIED. SMOKED, INCLUDING FLOUR AND MEAL
MILK AND CREAM, NT CONCNTRD, NT SWEETD, NOV 1% FAT
MILJCREAM, NT CONCNTRD/SWI', FAT CONTENT OVER l%,NOV 6%
MILK & CREAM, NOT CONCNTRD/S WIN. FAT CONTENT OVER 6%
MILK/CREAM CNCTRD NT SWIN PWD/OTH SOLID OVER 1.5% FAT
MILK & CREAM WHETHER OR NOT CONCENTRATED, NOT SWEETENED. NESO1
MILK AND CREAM, WHETHER OR NOT CONCENTRATED, SWEETENED. YESOI
BUTTERMILK/KEPHIRICURDLED FERMENTED ACIDIFIED MILK AND CREAM
WHEY. WHETHER OR NOT CONCENTRATED OR SWEETENED. FLUID
WHEY, WHETHER OR NOT CONCENTRATED OR SWEETENED, DRIED
ANHYDROUS MILK FAT
FATS AND OILS DERIVED FROM MILK, NESOI
BIRDS' EGGS, IN SHELL, FRESH, PRESERVED OR COOKED
EGG YOLKS, DRIED, WHETHER OR NOT SWEETENED
EGG YOLKS, FRESH, FROZEN, COOKED BY WATER, MOLDED ETC
BIRDS' EGGS NOT IN SHELL. DRIED, WHETHER OR NOT SWEETENED
BiRDS' EGGS NOT IN SHELL, FRESH, FROZEN COOKED BY WATER, ETC
PIGS. HOGS, BOAS BRISTLES AND 1-lAIR AN) WASTE THEREOF
BADGER HAIR AND OTHER BRUSHMAK1NG HAIR AND WASTE THEREOF
HOG GUTS, BLADDERS, STOMACHS FOR SAUSAGE CASINGS
GLTF/BLADDERISTOMACH OF ANiMALS, NESOI, FOR SAUSAGE CASINGS
0151'S, BLADDERS, AND STOMACHS OF ANIMALS, NESOI
FEATHER MEAL
BIRD SKIN/PART WiTH FEATHER/DOWN; FEATHER PWDERJWASTE
OSSE1N AND BONES TREATED WITH ACID
POWDER AND WASTE OF BONES AND HORN-CORES, NESOI
ANIMAL PRODUCTS NESOI, DEAD ANIMALS CH 1, INEDIBLE
CUT FLOWERS AND FLOWER BUDS, FRESH
CUT FLOWERS/BUDS DRIED, DYED OR OTHERWISE PREPARED
MOSSES, LICHENS FRESH DRIED ETC OTHERWISE PREPARED
FOLIAGES, BRANCHES ETC DRIED(DYED(BLEACHED/IMPREG ETC
POTATOES UNCOOKED/COOKED BY BOILING IN WATER, FROZEN
PEAS, RAW COOKED IN BOILING WATER, FROZEN
BEANS, RAW COOKED IN BOILING WATER, FROZEN
LEGUMINOUS VEG RAW/COOKED IN BOILING WATER, FROZEN, NESOI
SPINACH RAW/COOKED BY STEAMING/BOILING IN WATER, FROZEN
SWEET CORN RAW/COOKED BY STEAM/BOILING IN WATER FROZEN
VEGETABLES, NESOI RAW/COOKED BY BOILING, FROZEN
VEGETABLES MiXTURES, RAW/COOKED BY BOILING, FROZEN
ONIONS, PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
OLIVES, PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
CAPERS, PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
CUCUMEERS/ GHERKINS PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
VEGETABLES NESOI, VEGETABLE MIX, PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
POTATOES, WHETHER OR NOT CUT OR SLICED, DRIED
ONION POWDER OR FLOUR
ONIONS, DRIED, EXCEPT POWDER OR FLOUR
MUSHROOMS & TRUFFLES, DRIED, WHOLE, CUT, SLICED ETC
GARLIC POWDER OR FLOUR
GARLIC, DRIED. EXCEPT POWDER OR FLOUR
SWEET CORN SEEDS OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING, DRIED
VEGETABLES NESOI & MIXIURES OF VEGETABI ES DRIED ETC
PEAS, SEEDS OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING, DRIED, SHELLED
SPLIT PEAS (EX SEED) DRIED, SHELLED WHJNT SKIN/SPLIT
CHICKPEAS, SEEDS OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING, DRIED
CHICKPEAS (GARBANZOS), EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
BEANS, SEED, VIONA MUNGO (L) HEPPER ETC., DRIED
BEANS EX SEED VIUNA MUNGO HEPPER. DRIED, SHELLED
SMALL RED (ADZUKI) BEANS, SEEDS FOR SOWING, DRIED
SMALL RED (ADZUKI) BEANS, EXCEPT SEED DRIED. SHELLED
132
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
SEMI-PROCESSED COMMODITIES
SIC
HS CODE
0713331000
0713333000
0713335020
0713335040
0713335060
0713391000
0713391500
0713395010
0713395020
0713395030
0713395040
0713395050
0713395060
0713395080
0713401000
0713402000
0713501000
0713502000
0713901000
0713909000
0714200000
0714900000
0801100000
0801200000
0801300000
0802110000
0802120000
08022100(X)
0802220000
0802310000
0802320000
0802400000
0802502000
0802504000
0802901000
0802901500
0802909100
0803000000
0804100000
0804300000
0804400000
0804500000
0805100020
0805100040
0805200020
0805200040
0805302000
0805304000
0805400000
0805900000
0806200000
0811100000
0811200000
0811902000
0811908040
0811908060
0811909000
0812100000
0812200000
0812900000
0813100000
0813200000
0813300000
0813400000
0813500000
0813500040
CODE
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0119
0139
0139
2068
2068
2068
0173
2068
0173
2068
0173
2068
2068
0173
2068
0173
2068
0173
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
0174
0174
0174
0174
0174
0174
0174
0174
2034
2037
2037
2037
2037
2037
2037
2035
2035
2035
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
2068
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
KIDNEY BEANS INCLUDING WHITE PEA BEANS, SEED DRIED
NAVY OR PEA BEANS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
DARK RED KIDNEY BEANS, (EX SEED), DRIED. SHELLED
LIGHT RED KIDNEY BEANS, (EX SEED), DRIED, SHELLED
KiDNEY BEANS INC WHITE PEA, NESOI, EX SEED, DRIED. SHELLED
BEANS(VIGNASPP, PHASEOLUS)NESOI, SEEDS. DRIED
COWPEAS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
BLACK BEANS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
GREAT NORTHERN BEANS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED. SHELLED
BABY LIMA BEANS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED. SHELLED
LLMA BEANS, NESOL, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
PINTO BEANS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED. SHELLED
WHITE BEANS, NESOI, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
BEANS, NESOI, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED. SHELLED
LENTILS, SEEDS OF A KIND USED FOR SOWING, DRIED
LENTILS, EXCEPT SEED, DRIED, SHELLED
BROAD BEANS & HORSE BEANS, SEEDS FOR SOWING. DRIED
BROAD BEANS AND HORSE BEANS EX SEED. DRIED, SHELLED
DRIED LEGUMJNOIJS VEGETABLES NESOI SEEDS FOR SOWING
DRIED LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES, NESOI EX SEED, SHELLED
SWEET POTATOES, FRESH OR DRIED, WHETHER/NT PELLETS
ROOTS & TUBERS NESOI, FRESH OR DRIED, SAGO PITCH
COCONUTS, FRESH OR DRIED, WHETHER OR NOT SHELLED
BRAZIL NIjijS, FRESH OR DRiED, WHETHER OR NOT SHELLED
CASHEW NUTS, FRESH OR DRIED, WHETHER OR NOT SHELLED
ALMONDS, FRESH OR DRIED, IN SHELL
ALMONDS, FRESH OR DRIED, SHELLED
HAZELNUTS OR FILBERTS, FRESH OR DRIED, IN SHELL
HAZELNUTS OR FILBERTS, FRESH OR DRIED, SHELLED
WAII'flJTS, FRESH OR DRIED, IN SHELL
WALNUTS, FRESH OR DRIED, SHELLED
CHESTNUTS, FRESH OR DRIED, W/NF SHELLED OR PEELED
PISTACHIOS, FRESH OR DRiED, IN SHELL
PISTACHIOS, FRESH OR DRIED, SHELLED
PECANS, FRESH OR DRIED, IN SHELL
PECANS. FRESH OR DRIED, SHELLED
NUTS, NESOI, FRESH OR DRIED, IN SHELL
DATES, FRESH OR DRIED
FIGS, FRESH OR DRIED
PINEAPPLES, FRESH OR DRIED
AVOCADOS, FRESH OR DRIED
GIJAVAS, MANGOES AND MANGOSTEENS, FRESH OR DRIED
ORANGES, TEMPLE, FRESH OR DRIED
ORANGES, NESOI, FRESH OR DRIED
TANGERINES, FRESH OR DRIED
MDAS & Si iL&R CITRUS HYBRIDS NESO!, FRESH OR DRIED
LEMONS (CITRUS AURANTIFOUA) FRESH OR DRIED
LIMES (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) FRESH OR DRIED
GRAPEFRUIT, FRESH OR DRIED
CITRUS FRUITS, INC KUMQUATS, NESO!, FRESH OR DRIED
GRAPES, DRIED (INCLUDING RAISINS)
STRAWBERRIES, UNCOOKED/COOKED BY WATER, FROZEN
RASPBERRIES/BLACKBERRIESIETC UNCOOKED/COOKED BY WATER, FROZEN
BWEBERRIES, UNCOOKED/COOKED BY WATER, FROZEN, WIN SWT
CHERRIES, SWEET VARIETIES, UNCOOKED/COOKED BY WATER, FROZEN
CHERRIES, TART VARIETIES, UNCOOKED/COOKED BY WATER, FROZEN
FRUIT& NUTS UNCOOKED/COOKED BY WATER WIN SWEETENED, NESOI
CHERRIES, PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
STRAWBERRIES, PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE
FRUITS AND NUTS PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED, INEDIBLE, NESOI
APRICOTS, DRIED
PRUNES, DRIED
APPLES. DRIED
FRUIT, DRIED, NESOI, EX THAT OF HEADING 0801-0806
MIXI'URES CONTAINING ONLY DRIED FRUITS OF CHAPTERS
MIXTURES CONTAINING ONLY NUTS OF CHAPTER 8
Appendix, Table 1, Condnued
SEMI-PROCESSED COMMODITIES
HS CODE
0813500060
0814000000
0902100000
0902200000
0902300000
0902400000
0903000000
0904120000
0904200000
0906200000
0907000000
0908100000
0908300000
0909100000
0909200000
0909300000
0909400000
0909500000
0910100000
0910200000
0910300000
0910400000
0910500000
0910910000
0910990000
0910910000
1006202000
1006204020
1006204040
1006204060
1006204080
1006301020
1006301040
1006309010
1006309020
1006309030
1006309040
1006400000
I 101000000
1102100000
1102200000
1102300000
1102900000
1103110020
1103110040
1103120000
1103130020
1103130060
1103140000
1103190000
1103210000
1103290000
1104110000
1104120000
1104190000
1104210000
1104220000
1104230000
1104290000
1104300000
1105100000
1105200000
1106100000
1106200000
1106300000
1107100000
SIC
CODE
2099
2034
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2099
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2044
2041
2041
2041
2044
2041
2041
2041
2041
2041
2041
2044
2041
2041
2041
2043
2043
2043
2043
2043
2043
2043
2043
2034
2034
2034
2034
2034
2083
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
MIXTURES OF NUTS OR DRIED FRUITS OF CHAP 8. NESOI
PEEL CITRUS OR MELON. FRESH/FROZEN/DRIED/PROVISIONALLY PRESERVED
GREEN TEA NOT FERMENTED IN IMMED P.CKAGE CONTENT NOV 3KG
GREEN TEA (NOT FERMENTED) NESOI
BLACK TEA FERMENTED AND PARTLY FERMENTED TEA. PACKG NOV 3KG
BLACK TEA FERMENTED AND OTHER PARTLY FERMENTED TEA NESO!
MATE
PEPPER OF THE GENUS PIPER, CRUSHED OR GROUND
FRUITS OF GENUS CAPSICUM OR PIMENTA. DRIED/CRUSHED/GROUND
CINNAMON & CINNAMON-TREE FLOWERS. CRUSHED OR GROUND
CLOVES (WHOLE FRUIT. CLOVES AND STEMS)
MACE
CARDAMOMS
SEEDS OF ANISE OR BADIAN
SEEDS OF CORIANDER
SEEDS OF CUMIN
SEEDS OF CARAW.AV
SEEDS OF FENNEL OR JUNIPER
GINGER
SAFFRON
TUMERIC (CURCUMA)
THYME; BAY LEAVES
CURRY
MIXTURES OF SPICES REFERRED TO IN NOTE 1(B) CHAP9
SPICES, NESOI
MIXTURES OF SPICES REFERRED TO IN NOTE 1(B) CHAP 9
RICE, BASMATL HUSKED (BROWN)
RICE, LONG GRAIN, HUSKED (BROWN)
RICE. MEDIUM GRAIN, HUSKED (BRO\VN)
RICE, SHORT GRAIN, HUSKED (BROWN)
RICE, MiXFURES OF HUSKED (BROWN), ANY SIZE GRAIN
RICE, SEMI OR WHOLLY MILLED, PARBOILED, LONG GRAIN
RICE, SEMI/WHOLLY MILLED, PARBOILED NESOI INCLUDING MIXTURES
RICE, SEMI/WHOLLY MILLED, NESOI, LONG GRAIN
RICE, SEMI/WHOLLY MILLED, NESOI. MEDIUM GRAIN
RICE, SEMI/WHOLLY MIII ED, NESOI, SHORT GRAIN
RICE, SEMI/WHOLLY MILLED, NESOI MIXTURES OF GRAINS
RICE, BROKEN
WHEAT OR MESLIN FLOUR
RYE FLOUR
CORN (MAIZE) FLOUR
RICE FLOUR
CEREAL FLOURS OTHER THAN OF WHEAT OR MESLIN. NESOI
GROATS A1'4D MEAL OF WHEAT. SEMOLINA
GROATS AND MEAL OF WHEAT, NESOI
GROATS AJID MEAL OF OATS
GROATS AND MEAL OF CORN (MAiZE), CORNMEAL
GROATS AND EAL OF CORN (MAIZE), NESOI
GROATSANDMEALOFRICE
GROATS AND MEAL OF CEREAL., NESO[
PELLETS OF WHEAT
PELLETS OF CEREAL. NESOI
GRAINS, ROLLED OR FLAKED, OF BARLEY
GRAINS, ROLLED OR FLAKED, OF OATS
GRAINS, ROLLED OR FLAKED, OF CEREAL EXCEPT RICE OF 1006, NESOI
GRAINS WORKED (HULLED PEARLED SLICED KIBBLED) OF BARLEY
GRAINS WORKED (HULLED PEARLED SLICED KIBBLED) OF OATS
GRAINS WORKED (HULLED PEARLED SLICED KIBBLED) OF CORN
GRAINS WORKED ETC. OF CEREAL EXCEPT RICE OF 1006 NESOI
GERM OF CEREALS, WHOLE, ROLLED, FLAKED OR GROUND
FLOUR ANT) MEAL OF POTATOES
FLAKES OF POTATOES
FLOUR AND MEAL OF DRIED LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES OF 0713
FLOUR AND MEALOF SAGO, ROOTSITUBERS OF HEADING 0714
FLOUR, MEAL AND POWDER OF THE PRODUCTS OF CHAPTER 8
MALT, NOT ROASTED
133
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
134
PROCESSED COMMODITIES
SIC
HS CODE
2101102025
2101102030
2101105000
2102100000
2102200000
2102300000
2103100000
2103202000
2103204000
2103906040
2103906060
2103300000
2103906020
2103907000
2104100020
2104100040
2104100060
2104200000
2105000010
2105000060
2106100000
2106906070
2106906075
21069061)80
2106906085
2106906090
2106906095
2202100030
2202903000
2202909010
2202909090
2203000000
2204100000
2204212000
2204214000
2204217000
2204290020
2204290040
2204300000
2205100000
2205900000
2206007000
2207103000
2208100000
2208200000
2208306020
2208306040
2208309020
2208309040
2208400030
220840OO
2208500000
2208904500
2208906300
2208909000
2209000000
2301100000
2301200000
2303300000
2309100000
2309901010
2309901020
2309901030
CODE
2095
2095
2095
2099
2099
2099
2035
2033
2033
2035
2035
2035
2035
2035
2034
2091
2032
2032
2024
2024
2075
2087
2023
2023
2064
2099
2099
2086
2026
2082
2086
2082
2084
2084
2084
2084
2084
2084
2084
2084
2084
2084
2085
2085
2084
2085
2085
2085
2085
2085
2085
2085
2084
2085
2085
2099
2077
2077
2082
2047
2048
2048
2048
COMMOy DESCRIPTION
COFFEE, NSTANT/SOLUBLE , NOT DECAFFEINATED, NO ADDITIVE
COFFEE., NSTANT/SOLUBLE, DECAFFEINATED. NO ADDITIVE
COFFEE EXTRACT.ESSENCESICO\CE\TP.ATES & PREP NESOI
YEASTS. ACTIVE
YEASTS, INACTIVE; 0TH SINGLE-CELL DEAD MICRO-ORGNM
BAKING POWDERS PREPARED
SOY SAUCE
TOMATO KETC}{Ijp
TO.1ATO SAUCES, NESOI
SAL DRESSINGS. NESOI
MIXED C0NDIMp,n's ,&J'1) MIXED SEASONINGS
MtJSTMW FLOIJR NFJ
AND PREPARED MUSTARD
MAYONNAISE
SAUCES AJ'.ID PREPARATIONS THEREOF. YESOI
SOUPS. BROTHS AND PREPARATIONS THEREOF, DRIED
SOUPS/BROTHSIPREPS OF, BASED ON FISJ-I/SEAFD, NOT DRIED
SOUPS, BROTHS AND PREPS THEREOF, NESOI, EX DRIED
HOMOGEND COMPOSITE FOOD PREPARATIONS (NOTE 3)
ICE CRE.Aj WHETR OR NOT CONTAINING COCOA
EDIBLE ICE, \VHETHER OR NOT corr.umjo COCO& NESOL
PROTEIN CONCEN
kitS AND TEXTURED PROTEIN SUBSTANCES
PREPARTIONS FOR MANUFACTURE OF BEVERAGES NESO!
COFFEE WHTrENERS NON-DAIRY
CREAM OR MILK SUBSTITUTES, NESOI
CONFECTIONERY ENCL GUM CONTAJNrNG SYNTHETIC SWEETENERS
FOOD PREPARATIONS, NESOI, CANNED
FOOD PREPARATIONS. NESOL FROZEN
CARBONATED SOFT DRINKS
MILK-BASED DRINKS, NONALCOHOLIC
NONALCOHOLIC BEER
BEVERAGES NONALCOHOLIC NESOI EXCLUDrNG FRUIT, VEGETABLE JL10E
BEER MADE FROM MALT
SPARJCLING Wfl OF FRESH GRAPES
EFFERVESCENT WINE OF FRESH GRAPE IN CONTAINER 2L OR LESS
GRP WINE NESOI NOT OVER 14% ALCOHOL IN CONTAINER 2L OR LESS
GRAPE WINE NESOI OVER 14% ALCOHOL CONTAINER 2L OR LESS
GRAPE WINE NESOL NOT OVER 14% ALCOHOL CONTM'jE OVER 2 LITERS
GRAPE WINE NESOI OVER 14% ALCOHOL CONTAINER OVER 2 LITERS
GRAPE MUST FERMENTATION PREV/ARRSTJ) BY ALCOHOL EX 2009
VERMOUTH/GRAPE WINE FLAVORED WITH PLANTS ETC CONTAINER 2L OR LESS
VERMOUTHJGRAPE WINE FLAVORED WTrH PLANTS ETC CONTAiNER OVER 2L
FERMENTED BEVERAGES, NESOI
ETHYL ALCOHOL UNDENATIJRE 80%fHtGHER, FOR BEVERAGE
COMpOUND ALCOHOLIC PREPARATIONS FOR MPG OF BEVERAGES
GRAYE BRANDY
WHISKEYS, BOURBON, CONTAINERS NOT OVER 4 LITERS EACH
WHISKEYS, BOURBON, CONTA]NEp OVER 4 LITERS EACH
WHISKEys EXCEPT BOURBON, CONTAINp5 NOT OVER 4 LITERS
WHISKEYS EXCEPT BOURBON, CONTAINER,s OVER 4 LITERS
RUM AND TAFIA, CONTAINERS NOT OVER 4 LITERS EACH
RUM AND TAFIA, CONTAINERS OVER 4 LITERS
GIN AND GENEVA
CORDLALS, LIQUEURS, KJRSCHWASSER AND RATAPLA
VODICj
OTHER SPIRiTUOUS BEVERAGES, NESOI
VINEGAJ AJ'fl) SUBS ItJIES FOR VINEGAR FROM ACETIC ACID
FLOUR MEAL AND PELLET MEAT/MEAT OFFAL INEDIBLE; GREAVE
FLOUR MEAL & PELLET OF FISH CRUSTACEANS ETC INEDIBLE
BREWING OR DISTILLING DREGS AND WASTE, WHJNOT PELLET
DOG AND CAT FOOD, PUT UP FOR RETAIL SALE
PET FOOD PUT UP FOR RETAIL SALE EXCEPT DOG AND CAT FOOD
POULTRY FEEDS, PREPARED
DAIRY CATTLE FEED, PREPARED
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
PROCESSED COtMODtTLES
SIC
I-{S CODE
2309901040
2309901050
2309908000
cQfl
2048
2048
2099
CONfMODITY DESCRIPTION
LiVESTOCK FEED. PREPARED. NESOI
MIXED FEEDS OR MIXED FEED [NGREDIENTS. ANIMAL NESOI
PREPARATIONS USED IN ANIMAL FEEDINGS. NESOI
135
136
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
BULK FISH PRODUCTS
HS CODE
0301100000
0301910000
0301920000
0301930000
0301990000
0302110010
0302110090
0302120003
0302120004
0302120012
0302120022
0302120032
0302120042
0302120052
0302120062
0302190000
0302210000
0302220000
0302230000
0302290000
0302310000
0302320000
0302330000
0302390020
0302390040
0302400000
0302500000
0302610000
0302620000
0302630000
0302640000
0302650000
0302660000
0302693010
0302693020
0302696000
0302704010
0307100020
0307210000
0307310010
0307310090
0307410020
0307410040
0307410060
0307510000
0307910021
0307910029
0307910030
0509000000
SIC
CODE
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0273
0912
0273
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0913
0913
0273
0912
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0919
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
FISH, ORNAMENTAL LIVE
TROUT (SALMON TRUTTA, GAIRRDNERI. CLARKI ETC). LIVE
EELS (ANGUILLA SPP.), LIVE
CARP, LIVE
FISH, LIVE, NESOI
RAINBOWTRoIJT FARMED FRESH/CHILLED ENC FLT/LVRIRQE
TROUT (EXCEPT FARMED RAINBOW TROUT) FRESH/CHILLED
ATLA1'ITIC SALMON FARMED, FRESH/CHILLED EXC FLT/LVRJROE
ATLANTIC SALMON NOT FARMED. FRESH/CHILLED EX FLT/LVR/ROE
CHINOOK (KING) SALMON FRESH/CHILLED EXC FILLETI'LIVERJROE
CHUM (DOG) SALMON FRESH/CHILLED EXC FILLETIUVERiROE
PINK (HUMPIE) SALMON FRESH/CHILLED EXC FILLET/LI VERIROE
SOCKEYE (RED) SALMON FRESH/CHILLED EXC FILLET/LI VER'ROE
COHO (SILVER) SALMON FRESH/CHILLED EXC FILLET/LI VERJROE
SALMON, NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED EXC FILLETIU VERJROE
SALMONIDAR, NESOI, FRESH OR CHILLED
HALIBUT/GREENLAIJD TURBOT EXC FILLET. LIVER, ROE, FRESH/CHILLED
PLAICE EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES, FRESH/CHILLED
SOLE EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS & ROES, FRESH/CHILLED
FLATFISII NESO! EXCEPT FILLET, LIVER ROE, FRESH/CHILLED
ALBACOREJLONGFIIJNED TUNAS EXC FILLET, LIVER, ROE, FRESH/C HILLED
YELLOWFThl TUNAS EXCEPT FILLET, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
SKIPJACK TUNAS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
BLUEFIN TUNAS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
TUNAS NESOI EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES, FRESH OR CHILLED
HERRINGS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES, FRESH OR CHILLED
COD EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES, FRESH OR CHILLED
SARDiNES EXCEPT FILLET, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
1-IADDOCK EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
ATLANTIC POLLOCK EXCEPT FILLET, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
MACKEREL EXCEPT FILLET, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
DOGFISH, OTHER SHARK EXCEPT FILLET, LIVER, ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
EELS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES, FRESH OR CHILLED
SABLEFISH FRESH OR CHILLED EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES
LINCOD (OPHIODON ELONGATUS) FRESH OR CHILLED EXCEPT FILLET, LIVERS, ROES
FISH NESOI FRESH OR CHRLED EXCEPT FIJI ETS, LIVERS, ROES
MULLET ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
SEED OYSTERS, LIVE
SCALLOPS INCLUDING QUEEN SCALLOPS, LIVE, FRESH, CHILLED
MUSSELS, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED, FARMED
MUSSELS, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED, NOT FARMED
LOLIGO SQUID, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED
SQUID EXCEPT LOUGO, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED
CUTI'LE FISH, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED
OCTOPUS, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED
SEAURCHIN ROE, FRESH OR CHILLED
SEA URCHiN, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED (EXCEPT ROE)
CONCH, LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED
NATURAL SPONGES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
137
Appendix, Table L Continued
SEMI-PROCESSED FISH PRODUCTS
HS CODE
SIC
CODE
0303100012
0303100022
0303100032
0303100042
0303100052
0303100062
0303210000
0303220000
0303310030
0303320000
0303330000
0303390000
0303410000
0303420000
0303430000
0303490020
0303490040
0303500000
0303600000
0303710000
0303720000
0303730000
0303740000
0303750000
0303760000
0303770000
0303780000
0303794020
0303794040
0303794060
0303795000
0303802000
0303804020
0303804040
0303804050
0303804060
0303804095
0304100000
0304203025
0304205005
0304206030
0304207000
0304208000
0304901002
0304901005
0304901009
0304908700
0305100000
0305204020
0305204040
0305205000
0305300000
0305410000
0305420000
0305490000
0305510000
0305590000
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0305610000
2091
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
0912
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
COMMODfl'Y DESCRIPTION
CHINOOK (KING) SALMON, FROZEN, EX FILLET/LI VERJROE
CHUM (DOG) SALMON, FROZEN. EX FILLET/LIVER/ROE
PINK (HUMPIE) SALMON, FROZEN, EX FILLET/LIVER/ROE
SOCKEYE (RED) SALMON, FROZEN, EX FILLET/LIVER/ROE
COHO (SILVER) SALMON, FROZEN, EX FILLETILIVERIROE
PACIFIC SALMON. NESOI, FROZEN, E.X FILLET/LI VERJROE
TROUT (SALMO TRUrFA, SALMO CLARKI. ETC.), FROZEN
ATlANTIC & PACIFIC HALIBUT FROZEN EX FILLET/LIVER/ROE
GREENLAND TURBOT (GREENLAND HALIBUT) FROZEN, EX FILLET. ETC
PLAICE EXCEPT FILLETS. LIVERS AND ROES, FROZEN
SOLE, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS AND ROES, FROZEN
FLAT FISH NESOI EXCEPT FILLETS. LIVERS, ROES. FROZEN
ALBACOREILONGFINNED TUNAS EX FILLET/LIVER/ROE. FROZEN
YELLOWFIN TUNA EXCEPT FILLETS,LIVER AND ROES. FROZEN
SKIPJACK TUNAS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES, FROZEN
BLUEFIN TUNAS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES. FROZEN
TUNAS, NESO!, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, ROES. FROZEN
HERRINGS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
CODS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
SARDINES EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
HADDOCK EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
ATLAj.tflC POLLOCK EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEi..
MACKEREL EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
DOGFISH, OTHER SHARI( EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
EELS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
SEA BASS EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
WHITING AND HAKE, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
MULLET, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
BUTTERFISH, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
SABLE FISH, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
FISH NESOI, EXCEPT FILLETS, LIVERS, AND ROES, FROZEN
STURGEON ROE, FROZEN
HERRNG ROE, FROZEN
SALMON ROE, FROZEN
ALASKA POLLOCK CHERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA) ROE, FROZEN
MULLET ROE, FROZEN
FISH LIVERS AND ROES, NESOI, FROZEN
FISH FILLETS AND OTHER MEAT EXCEPT FISH STEAKS FRESH OR CHILLED
COD FILLETS, FROZEN
HALIBUT FILLETS, FROZEN
FRESH-WATER CATFISH FILLETS, FROZEN
ALASKA POLLOCK (THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA) FILLET, FROZEN
FISH FILLETS, NESOI FROZEN
SURIMI, FROZEN
COD MINCED, NESOI, FROZEN
FISH MINCED, NESOI, FROZEN
FISH MEAT NESO!, EXCEPT FISH STEAK OR MINCED, FROZEN
FISH MEALFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMJ'TION
SALMON ROE, DRIED, SMOKED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
HERRING ROE, DRIED, SMOKED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
FISH LIVERS/ROES NESOI., DRIED/SN{OKED/SALTEDTBRINE
FISH FILLETS, DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE, NOT SMOKED
PACIFIC, ATLANTIC AND DANUBE SALMON, SMOKED
HERRINGS, INCLUDING FILLETS, SMOKED
FISH INCLUDING FILLETS, SMOKED, NESOI
COD, DRIED, WHETHER OR NOT SALTED BUt NOT SMOKED
FISH, DRIED, WHETHER OR NOT SALTED BUT NOT SMOKED, NESO!
HRfl1Nfl SAl .TFfl NOT nRTIm AR SMATOfl- IN RPINP
138
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
SEMI-PROCESSED FISH PRODUCTS
HS CODE
0305620000
0305630000
0305690000
0306110000
0306120000
0306130003
0306130006
0306130009
0306130012
0306130015
0306130018
0306130021
0306130024
0306130027
0306130040
0306142000
0306144010
0306144020
0306144030
0306144090
0306190010
0306190090
0306210000
0306220000
0306230000
0306242000
0306244000
0306290000
0307100040
0307290000
0307390000
0307490010
0307490022
0307490024
0307490029
0307490050
0307490060
0307590000
0307600000
0307990040
0307990080
0410000000
0508000000
0510004010
0510004040
0510005000
0511910000
1212200000
1604114050
SIC
CODE
2091
209!
2091
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0913
0919
0919
0919
0919
0919
2077
0919
2091
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
COD, SALTED BUT NOT DRIED OR SMOKED; IN BRINE
ANCHOVIEs, SALTED NOT DRIED OR SMOKED; IN BRINE
FISH NESO!, SALTED NOT DRIED OR SMOKED; IN BRINE
ROCK LOBSTER AND OTHER SEA CRAWFISH, FROZEN
LOBSTERS, INCLUDING IN SHELL FROZEN
SHRIMP/pRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE <33 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/pRAWN SHELL-ONCOUNT SIZE 33-45 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE 46-55 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE 56-66 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE 67-88 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE 89-110 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE 111-132 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE 133-154 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMP/PRAWN SHELL-ON COUNT SIZE >154 PER KG FROZEN
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS, PEELED. FROZEN
CRABMEAT, FROZEN
KING CRABS, NESOL, FROZEN
SNOW CRABS, NESOI, FROZEN
DUNGENESS CRABS, NESOL, FROZEN
CRABS, NESOL, FROZEN
FRESHWATER CRAWFISH, FROZEN
CRUSTACEANS, NESOI, FROZEN
ROCK LOBSTER, OTHER SEA CRAWFISH FRESHJCHILLED/DRIED/SALTED
LOBSTERS, FRESH, CHILLED, DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
SHRIMPS/PRAWNS INC SHELL FRESH, CHILLED, DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
CRABMEAT FRESH, CHILLED, DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
CRABS NESOI FRESH, CHILLED, DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
CRUSTACEANS NESOI FRESH, CHILLED DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
OYSTERS NESOI LIVE OR FRESH, CHILLED, FROZEN, DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRINE
SCALLOPS INCLUDING QUEEN, FROZEN, DRIED, SATED, OR IN BRINE
MUSSELS, FROZEN, DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRINE
SQUID FILLETS, FROZEN
LOLIOC) OPALESCENS SQUID FROZEN (EX FILLET), DRIED, SALTED, OR N BRINE
LOUGO PEALE! SQUID FROZEN (EX FILLET), DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRINE
LOUGO SQUID NESOI, FROZEN (EX FILLET), DRIED, SALTED, OR N BRINE
SQUID EX LOUGO FROZEN (DC FILLET), DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRINE
CUTTLE FISH, FROZEN, DRIED, SALTED OR IN BRINE
OCTOPUS, FROZEN, DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRiNE
SNAILS NESOI UVE, FRESH, CHILLED FROZEN, DRIED. SALTED, OR IN BRINE
CLAMS, FROZEN, DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRINE
MOLLUSCS/AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES NESOI, FROZEN, DRIED, SALTED, OR IN BRINE
EDIBLE PRODUCTS OF ANIMALORIGIN, NESOI
CORAL, SHELL OF MOLLUSCS ETC UNWORKED POWDER/WASTE
PANCREAS GLANDS
CANTHARIDES, GLANDS USED FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
AMBERGRIS/CASTOREUM/CIVET/MUJSK NESOI BILE WHETHER OR NOT DRIED
PRODUCTS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS ETC. DEAD ANIMALS OF CR3
SEAWEEDS AND OTHER ALGAE, FRESH OR DRIED, WH/NT GROUND
SALMON, WHOLE OR IN PIECES, BIll' NOT MINCED, NESOI
139
Appendix, Table 1, Continued
PROCESSED FISH PRODUCTS
HS CODE
1604112000
1604114010
1604114020
1604114030
1604114040
1604120000
1604130000
1604140000
1604150000
1604160000
1604197000
1604200500
1604206000
1604300000
1605100500
1605102010
1605102022
1605102025
1605102030
1605102040
1605104002
1605104005
1605104010
1605104015
1605104020
1605104040
1605106000
1605200500
160520 1010
1605201025
1605201040
1605201050
1605300500
160530 1020
1605301040
1605400500
1605401000
1605900500
1605901500
1605906020
1605906040
1605906050
1605906055
1605907000
SIC
CODE
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
2091
0913
2091
2091
2091
2091
0913
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
SALMON, WHOLEiP[ECES. IN OIL IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINER
CHUM (DOG) SALMON, NOT IN OIL CANNED
PINK (HUMPIE) SALMON, NOT IN OIL CANNED
SOCKEYE SALMON, NOT IN OIL CANNED
SALMON, NESOI, NOT IN OIL CANNED
HERRINGS WHOLE, PIECES, NOT MINCED, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
SARDINES, SARD[NELLA. BRISLING, NOT MINCED, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
TNA5/SKJPJAC},JATL&J'ITIC BONITO NOT MINCED, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
MACKEREL PREPARED OR PRESERVED
ANCHOVIES, NOT MINCED, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
FISH WHOLEIPIECES, NOT MINCED, PREPARED OR PRESERVED. NESOI
PRODUCTS. MEAT CRUSTACEAN/MOLLUSCS ETC, PREP MEALS
FISH, PREPARED OR PRESERVED. NESOI
CAVIAR AND CAVIAR SUBSTITUTES
CRAB PRODUCTS CONTAINING FISH MEAT; PREPARED MEALS
KING CRABMEAT, PREPARED, IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
C. OPILIO (SMALL) SNOW CRAB, PREP, AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
SNOW CRABMEAT, PREPARED, NESOI, IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
DUNGENESS CRABMEAT, PREPARED, IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
CRABMEAT, PREPARED, NESOI, IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
KiNG CRABMEAT, PREPARED, FROZEN
SNOW CRABMEAT, C. OPILIO (SMALL), PREPARED, FROZEN
SNOW CRABMEAT, NESOI, PREPARED, FROZEN
DUNGENESS CRABMEAT, PREPARED, FROZEN
CRABMEAT, NESOI, PREPARED, FROZEN
CRABMEAT, PREPARED OR PRESERVED, NESOI
CRABS, PREPARED OR PRESERVED, NESOI
SHRIMP, PRAWN PRODUCTS WITH FISH MEAT; PREPARED MEALS
SHRII4YS AND PRAWNS, FROZEN, IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS, PREPARED, FROZEN, NESOI
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS, CANNED
SHRIMpS AND PRAWNS, PREPARED OR PRESERVED, NESOI
LOBSTER PRODUCTS WITH FISH MEAT; PREPARED MEALS
LOBSTER, IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
LOBSTER, PREPARED OR PRESERVED, NESOI
CRUSTACEANS NESOI PRODUCT WITH FISH MEAT PREP MEAL
CRUSTACEANS, PREPARED OR PRESERVED, NESOI
MOLLUSCS ETC PRODUCTS WiTH FISH MEAT; PREP MEALS
CLAMS, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
ABALONE (HAUOTIS SPP.) PREPARED OR PRESERVED
SCALLOPS, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
LOLIGO SQUID, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
SQUID EXCEPT LOUGO, PREPARED OR PRESERVED
MOLLUSCS, AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES NESOI PREPARED OR PRESERVED
140
Appendix, Table 2. Oregon GSP ($1000) Based on OSU Data
Description
1992
1993
1994
1995
1877966
806411
2684377
2165369
790436
2955805
2240561
757278
2997839
2337759
724143
3061902
28248
98059
36328
742
163377
29256
93341
29280
718
152595
26755
95220
28537
752
151265
24796
93074
29122
750
147743
62445
280797
555779
247494
1146515
73490
235464
554339
315790
1179083
79013
267593
634823
308861
1290290
73929
262644
638666
339522
1314761
1309892
1331677
1441555
1462504
from BEA:3
07(Ag)
28(Ag)
50(Ag)
51(Ag)
434000
81000
191000
1088000
460000
84000
207000
1127000
484000
87000
227000
1177000
510000
91000
237000
1223000
Total Agriculture
5788269
6165482
6414394k 6585406
Farm Levelt
Production-Crops
Production-Livestock
Total Farm Production
Manufacturing Level2
Meat Animals
Dairy Products
Poultry and eggs
Other livestock and products
All livestockand poultry
Grain and hay
Fruits and nuts
Vegetables
Other Crops
All Crops
All Food manufacturing
-
Note: 'Values for farm production are obtained from Oregon County and State
Agricultural Estimates, 1992-1995, OSU Extension Service.
2Value-Added in food products for yeara 1993-95 were estimated by applying
the 1992 value-added share of total farm gate value to farm values in 1992-1995
for the different commocifty groups. The 1992 value-added data are from
Oregon Agricultural Commodities, O.S.U., EC 1233, July 1994.
3BEA = Bureau of Economic Analysis
Appendix, Table 3. Oregon Gross State Product (Million $) by 2 Digit SIC 1992 - 1995 based on
ASM Data
SIC
Code
-
Oregon
01-02
07
20
28(Ag)
50(Ag)
51 (Ag)
Agriculture
'Farms
1Agricultural services
2Food and kindred products
1Chemlcals andallied products
'Wholesale durable goods
1Wholesale nondurable goods
1992
1993
1994
1995
current
current
current
5400
1553
434
5572
1609
460
5755
1680
484
5933
1746
510
2Q53
2085
2098
2127
81
84
191
207
1127
87
227
1177
237
1223
1088
91
Bureau of Economic Analysis
2Annual Survey of Manufactures
note: 1992 GSP for agricultural share of SIC 07 was estimated using a ratio of employment in ag seniices as a percentage of total
SIC 28 (Ag) Includes 2824(OrganIc Fibers), 2833(Medlclnal and Botanicals), 286(Industrial Organic Chemicals), 287(Agncult
SIC 50 (Ag) includes 5083(Farm and Garden Machinery). SIC 51 (Ag) includes 5143(Dairy Products), 5144(Poultry Product:
515(Farni Product Raw Materials), 5191 (Farm Supplies).
142
Appendix Table 4. Statistics for Oregon and the United States Value-added Contributio
to Employment and Income 1993-1994
OREGON
-
1994
SIC Code Industry Group
All Manufacturing
20-39
Agricultural Processing
20
201
202
203
204
205
208
209
24-26
Food and kindred products
Meat Products
Dairy products
Preserved fruits & vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery Products
Beverages
Misc. food & kindred products
Wood Industries
12.8
0.39
13.3
0.39
11.6
0.27
15.0
0.29
11.6
14.9
6.8
0.27
15.0
22.8
13.7
20.3
14.7
0.28
0.28
0.34
0.24
0.28
12.7
12.6
8.6
15.7
0.29
0.05
0.38
0.35
0.20
0.37
0.23
0.28
12.6
0.36
12.2
0.34
0.38
0.25
0.48
12.9
0.33
0.22
0.39
0.36
0.43
0.35
7.9
10.8
9.2
24
Lumber and Wood Products
14.3
241
242
243
245
Logging
249
Misc.woodproducts
10.3
16.8
15.6
19.3
11.4
25
Furniture and fixtures
251
Household furniture
26
262
263
265
Paper and allied products
267
35,36,38
Swamillsandplaningmills
Millwork, plywood, & structural membe
Wood building and mobile homes
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Misc. converted paper products
High-tech Industries
35
Industrial machinery & equipment
353
354
355
356
357
359
Construction & related machinery
Metalworking machinery
Special industry machinery
General industrial machinery
Computer nad office equipment
Industrial machinery, n.e.c.
36
Electronic & other electric equip.
366
367
369
Communications equipment
Electronic components & accessories
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
38
Instruments and related products
381
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Medical instruments and supplies
382
384
1993
Employment per Income generated Employment per Income generated
per dollar of
millionS of
per dollar of
millionS of
value-added value-added
value-added
value-added (5)
0.31
0.20
12.5
0.49
0.32
9.1
14.0
14.6
16,4
12.3
16.9
15.9
0.41
0.39
19.6
20.6
0.44
6.9
9.4
8.3
0.34
0.50
0.52
0.41
6.1
0.29
0.47
0.28
(D)
4.6
(D)
0.16
8.6
10.4
11.2
(D)
0.41
5.5
(D)
0.17
0.29
93
0.31
12.9
12.7
17.6
14.3
13.2
8.9
18.1
0.45
15.6
14.9
6.5
12.1
5.6
14.1
8.2
6.9
7.4
10.9
0.52
0.48
0.37
16.0
18.7
13.6
12.7
0.50
0.50
0.52
0.50
0.45
0.53
0.51
19.1
0.51
0.21
0.42
0.19
0.37
6.4
0.20
0.18
0.19
0.38
0.43
0.53
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.37
6.5
5.5
15.7
10.4
11.1
11.3
8.2
Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1994 Annual Survey of Manufactures, Geographic Area Statistics.
0.37
0.37
0.40
0.29
143
Appendix Table 4. Continued
UNITED STATES
-
1993
1994
SIC Code Industry Group
20-39
All Manufacturing
Agricultural Processing
20
Food and kindred products
201
Meat Products
Dairy products
Preserved fruits & vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery Products
Beverages
Misc. food & kindred products
202
203
204
205
208
209
24-26
Wood Industries
24
Lumber and Wood Products
241
242
243
245
Logging
Swamills and planing mills
Millwork, plywood, & structural member
Wood building and mobile homes
Misc. wood products
249
Employment per Income generated Employment per Income generated
millionS of per dollar of
per dollar of
millionS of
value-added value-added
value-added
value-added
11.5
0.37
12.3
0.39
8.8
0.22
9.2
0.23
8.8
0.22
0.37
0.25
0.20
0.14
0.30
0.16
9.2
0.23
0.38
0.24
0.20
0.15
18.7
8.5
8.7
4.4
19.9
8.5
9.0
4.6
11.7
0.21
4.9
9.0
0.31
0.17
0.21
14.2
0.38
14.8
0.39
17.7
14.7
16.2
19.2
19.4
16.2
0.39
0.31
0.37
0.44
0.46
0,34
18.2
14.6
17.3
19.4
20.7
17.3
0.40
0.30
0.39
0.45
0.48
0.35
19.7
22.7
0.45
0.45
20.1
23.2
0.45
0.45
10.6
8.7
0.35
0.37
0.30
0.46
0.30
11.1
4.4
8.9
25
251
Furniture and fixtures
26
262
263
265
267
Paper and allied products
9.8
0.34
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Misc. converted paper products
8.2
14.7
0.37
0.27
0.45
9.6
0.29
7.1
15.7
10.2
10.3
0.36
11.2
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.35
0.33
0.36
0.36
35,36,38
Household furniture
High-tech Industries
6.2
35
353
354
355
356
357
359
Industrial machinery & equipment
11.3
0.39
Construction & related machinery
Metalworking machinery
Special industry machinery
General industrial machinery
Computer nad office equipment
Industrial machinery, n.e.c.
12.1
0.41
13.3
17.0
0.47
0.63
12.1
0.41
7.3
16.6
0.30
0.49
12.4
12.6
14.9
12.8
12.7
8.4
18.5
36
366
367
369
Electronic & other electric equip.
Communications equipment
10.1
7.9
0.33
0.32
11.2
8.4
Electronic components & accessories
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
9.4
0.31
11.1
11.4
0.36
12.3
38
Instruments and related products
8,9
381
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Medical instruments and supplies
9,1
0.34
0.43
0.40
0.33
9.5
9.4
382
384
10.8
9.5
12.2
9.7
0.51
0.45
0.42
0.34
0.54
0.35
0.42
0.44
0.32
Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1994 Annual Survey of Manufactures, Geographic Area Statistics, M94(A
144
Appendix Table 5. Statistics for Pacific Northwest and U.S.
Value-added Contribution to Total Employment and
and Income 1994
SIC Code Industry Group
All Manufacturing
20-39
OREGON 1994
Income generated
Employment per
per dollar of
milliong of
value-added ($)
value-added
12.8
0.39
Agricultural Processing
11.6
0.27
20 Food and kindred products
11.6
14.9
6.8
13.7
7.9
10.8
0.27
0.31
0.2
0.28
0.28
0.34
201 MeatProducts
202 Dairy products
203 Preserved fruits & vegetables
204 Grain mill products
205 Bakeiy Products
206 Sugar &confectionery products
208 Beverages
209 Misc, food & kindred products
NR
NB.
9.2
14.7
0.24
0.28
12.6
0.36
24 Lumber and Wood Products
241 Logging
242 Swamills and planing mills
243 Millwork, plywood, & structural
244 Wood containers
245 Wood building & mobile homes
249 Misc, wood products
14.3
10.3
16.8
15.6
0.38
0.25
19.3
11.4
0.49
0.32
25 Furniture and fixtures
251 Household fumiture
252 Office furniture
16.9
15.9
0.41
0.39
NR
NB.
26 Paper and allied products
261 Pulp mills
262 Paper mills
263 Paperboard mills
265 Paperboard containers, boxes
267 Misc, converted paper products
6.9
NR
9.4
0.29
(D)
4.6
0.47
0.28
(D)
0.16
High-tech Industries
8.6
0.29
12.9
12.7
17.6
14.3
13.2
8.9
NB.
18.1
0.45
0.43
0.53
0.52
0.48
0.37
6.5
0.21
12.1
14.1
0.42
0.19
0.37
8.2
6.9
7.4
0.29
0.27
0.26
10.9
0.37
Wood Industries
35 Industrial mach,& equipment
353 Construction & machinery
354 Metalworking machinery
355 Special industry machinery
356 General industrial machinery
357 Computer & office equipment
358 Refrigeration & service mach.
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c.
36 Electronic & electric equip.
364 Electric lighting & wiring equip.
366 Communications equipment
367 Electronic components&access.
369 Misc, electrical equip. & supp.
38 Instruments & related products
381 Search & navigation equipment
382 Measuring & controlling devices
384 Medical instruments & supplies
6.1
5.6
0.48
0.41
NB.
NB.
0.51
Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1994 Annual Survey of Manufactures,
Table 6: The U.S. and PNW exports to the world, by state, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, ($ U.S.), 1995
SIC
Code
ALL
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL COMMODITIES
OREGON
WASHINGTON
PNW TOTAL
1,973,287,594
9,43e,,08
24,847,377,699
36,267,119,601
3664486432
76765403
5772851 366
83383946
30213717
30161147301
960819398
19 14%
297 062 505
10 17%
502 157 724
2952067619
1586100710
3573756914
1701%
733 557 130
1 320 632 037
6 87/.
27268 049 546
5300061 532
7 33/.
6 115 094 381
063 /
1 03/
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING HUNTING &TRAPPING
74472542
METALMINNG
11470804
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE & GOVERNMENT
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY
UNIDENTIFIED
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABLISHMENTS
PNW's SHAR
OF U.S.
6.22%
583,030,524,528
U.S.A.
IDAHO
,
6111 722
411 368
1 800 538
'.
25679 240
4
460 850 758
17144233
2289350
60384056
26652981
0
5890
3467 055
'
186 382 240
'
0
194 180
1 020 836
24599670
2,717,637
188,514,226
4,022,971
81,286,160
344,382
3,088,548
431,735
580,676
2,696,748
22,215,089
701,976,364
584,496,013
40,086,115
16,786,683
2,918,160
6,047,616
940,392
3,493,394
1,707,840
1
'"d
'' r
1 471 778 266
835 530
32802 331
..
9
-14,8S81S
278;958.t43
29t34389
86,396,443
31,818,691
14,564,898
fl,l37,315
52,2?2,934
240,831,880
105,982,304
2.142,968,692
1,688,951,941
357,811,234
582,082,580
72,121,896
123,336,585
6,360,581
12,429,822
22,4'13,628
55043 454
2242692 172
21,901,598
1,369,341,460
72,943,666
328,206,431
311,238,637
122,177,166
17,247,058
43,204,684
655,641,141
183,570,027
1,172,952,588
1,081,082,056
10,214,144,599
608,844,426
180,719,913
203,587,044
18,182,488
60,369,674
64,718,838
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R) Unive city of Massachusettes (MISER), State of Origin of Exports.
29068737
3288179
50399578
32662 657
1 997 509 337
848 779
38 342 210
78800468
3 373 394 747
39,487,114
1,826,812,529
106,401,026
495,889,034
343,399,710
199,830,412
94,816,108
96,058,294
899,169,449
311,767,420
4,017,897,644
3,234,560,010
10,612,047,948
1,207,723,689
255,759,968
332,971,245
24,473,461
76,292,890
88,840,306
7655885935
7 832 232 081
3,233,512,864
15,730,889,565
4,841,084,887
60,335,418,848
6,148,122,931
11,725,056,948
1,777,548,258
5,079,139,916
21,607,080,715
16,245,059,417
105,947,586,799
92,203,527,655
87,722,920,290
32,312,267,532
9,934,049,624
6,250,757,499
2,218,112,312
1,660,649,227
2,301,272,152
868/,
183/o
009/
2 47°/
0 02%
43 07 /
1.22%
11.61%
2.20%
0.82%
5.59%
1.70%
533%
1.89%
4.16%
1.92%
3.79%
3.51%
12.10%
3.74%
2.57%
5.33%
1.10%
4.59%
3.86%
Table 7: The U.S. and PNW exports to the world, by states, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, ($ U.S), 1994
SIC
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL
ALL COMMODITIES
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
CROPS
LIVESTOCK & ANIMAL SPECIALITIES
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING AND TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING & QUARRYING OF NONMETALIC MI
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
' APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED PRODUCTS
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS EXCEPT FU
FURNITURES AND FIXTURES
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING, PUBLISHING AND ALLIED INDUST
CHEMICAL AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME REFINING AND RELATED IND
RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRC
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY, GLASS AND CONCRETE PROD
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL, EXCEPT NIACLILNARY
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL MACBINARY
ELECTRIC & OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIP., E
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING, ANALYZING, & CONTROLING 1
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUST
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE AND GEN
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFET
CONFIDENTIAL
TOTAL NONCLASS1FIABLE ESTABLISHMENT
IDAHO
WASHINGTON
OREGON
1,612,570,840
7,247,127,180
78,785,129
5,067,773
481,735
2,116,896
11,427,251
0
0
2,373,377
160,677,181
0
143,537
824,718
24,459,084
2,695,331
119,339,203
2,639,011
58,088,541
268,615
2,304,191
420,824
630,990
3,115,927
17,685,415
591,112,047
489,203,771
17,357,144
9,257,487
2,911,735
3,949,246
1,621,532,235
1,166,3%
4,242,992
1,286,851
2,280,802
1,667,028
40380,464
228,239
0
3,588
7,296,489
30Z4i9049
13,323
3,696,670
18,316,251
1473,612,048
13.385.452
241,613,820
34,992,644
66,138,512
30,559,705
55,314,635
82,934,653
48,515,635
233,657,020
91,907,151
1,233,245,289
890,231,806
412,320,900
457,853,697
55,101,876
94,078,969
14,575,935
10,620,049
16,411,513
26,148,815,627
1,880,098,275
80,208,807
23,105,534
573,414,059
3,130,489
2,964,631
16,965,998
23,887,832
1,050,463,798
1,568,612
27,413,641
56,297,760
2,112,775,204
20,283,650
943,660,494
92,667,035
400,718,434
256,001,351
99,128,337
8,199,220
39,721,157
442,826,595
184,822,302
898,231,314
949,416,430
15,017,501,773
538,322,630
147,911,882
149,674,364
18,642,171
64,504,631
24,287,217
PNW TOTAL
35,008,513,647
3,580,415,639
86,442,976
27,830,261
615,811,419
14,785,979
2,964,631
16,969,586
33,557,898
1,513,559,998
1,581,935
31,253,848
75,438,735
3,310,906,336
36,364,432
1,304,613,517
129,898,690
525,545,487
286,829,671
156,747,163
6l,554,697
88,867,782
679,599,542
294,414,868
2,742,588,650
2,328,852,007
15,447,179,817
1,005,433,814
206,525,493
247,702,579
34,504,957
77,405,482
42,365,758
SOURCE: National l'rade Data Bank-The Export Connection H), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER), State of Origin of Exports.
PNW's SHARE
OF U.S.
6.83%
512,415,609,180
U.S.A.
22,915,445,013
979,982,288
284,847,363
2,781,053,726
1,023,455,144
2,859,497,870
585,816,596
1,208,126,789
24,301,878,519
5,504,137,355
5,536,589,362
6,590,231,627
7,647,521,361
3,289,043,216
11,619,532,862
4,370,587,161
51,086,034,578
5,655,201,182
10,595,040,651
1,746,214,988
4,600,176,037
17,365,731,047
14,442,752,434
91,074,862,283
75,557,316,999
89,964,993,434
28,906,176,828
9,040,439,893
4,300,029,077
2,470,063,948
1,591,870,554
2,514,958,395
15.62%
8.82°A.
9.77%
22.10%
1.44%
0.10%
2.90%
2.78%
6.23%
0.03%
0.56%
1.14%
43.29%
1.11%
11.23%
2.97%
1.03%
5.07%
1.48%
3.53%
1.93%
3.91%
2.04%
3.01%
3.08%
17.17%
3.48%
2.28%
5.76%
1.40%
4.86%
1.68%
Table 8: The U.S. and PNW exports to the worki, by states, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, (S U.S), 1993
SIC
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL
ALL COMMODITIES
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
CROPS
LIVESTOCK & ANIMAL SPECIALITIES
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING AND TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING & QUARRYING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED PRODUCTS
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS EXCEPT FURNITURE
FURNITURES AND FIXTURES
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING, PUBLISHING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES
CHEMICAL AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRiES
RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY, GLASS AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL, EXCEPT MACHINARY & TRANS
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL MACHINARY & COMPU
ELECTRIC & OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIP., EXCEPT C
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING, ANALYZING, & CONTROLING INSTRUM
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE AND GENERAL GO
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY
CONFIDENTIAL
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABLISHMENTS
IDAHO
6t21sO.13t
1,236,308,847
59,601,155
3,588,052
286,663
2,684,667
5,653,094
185,580
2,682,867
107,144,918
WASHINGTON
OREGON
*
"
3$8448s
28111J6$
,J5,.
f
,..
295,t
9419
314,072
565,498
25,907,999
2,940,976
95,795,787
1,960,443
55,761,548
70,098
2,223,753
296,096
327,915
2,363,864
17,974,526
535,936,520
273,381,337
19,658,655
10,541,636
4,031,864
900,848
212,852
2,271,624
1,043,940
3,121.026
13,518'ø
1,098,213$
16,4s3198
69,250.47
33,287,987
53,323,il7
23,311,065
50,452,672
39,419,418
44,988,255
173,662,926
i08618,461
1,121,212,149
692,023,978
295,596,229
421,614,424
55,818,947
66,594,458
5,629,236
11,683,983
14,911,106
29,421,263,848
2,191,408,024
48,920,333
21,212,629
483,330,407
1,553,457
1,756,230
31,703,600
26,765,969
1,041,890,876
164,933
17,809,022
57,641,628
2,285,337,229
16,226,625
829,875,948
147,400,594
342,848,685
311,070,944
87,031,554
8,761,336
42,350,144
475,123,236
145,046,600
1,029,894,983
689,780,372
18,162,328,764
501,150,515
142,740,481
112,214,023
67,306,124
58,930,491
41,688,092
PNW TOTAL
36,785,122,826
3,526,571,676
53,527,567
25,383,577
514,733,842
7,342,215
1,756,230
31,889,180
35,953,676
1,444,232,038
174,352
23,844,120
71,725,888
3,409,460,650
35,820,799
1,094,922,082
182,649,024
451,933,350
334,458,107
139,707,979
48,476,910
87,666,314
653,150,026
271,639,593
2,687,043,652
1,654,185,687
18,477,583,648
933,306,575
202,591,292
179,709,329
73,148,212
72,886,098
57,649,138
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER), State of Origin of Exports.
U.S.A.
464,858,398,369
22,221,926,333
847,136,618
292,634,090
2,103,342,481
851,590,086
3,092,445,584
590,644,237
1,115,663,016
21,589,745,840
4,284,021,079
5,071,693,601
5,819,362,736
7,111,243,961
3,014,858,339
9,961,198,270
4,379,324,305
44,823,171,850
6,311,930,650
9,114,696,916
1,729,560,164
4,135,920,032
19,542,606,129
14,424,441,152
80,141,535,321
62,343,107,077
84,079,054,248
26,785,347,384
7,974,661,694
3,451,794,936
2,653,442,886
1,418,338,102
2,381,959,252
PNW's SHARE
OF U.S.
7.91%
15.87%
6.32%
8.67%
19.04%
0.86%
0.06%
5.40%
3.22%
6.69%
0.00%
0.47%
1.23%
44.21%
1.19%
10.99%
4.17%
1.01%
5.30%
1.53%
2.80°í,
2.12%
3.34%
1.88%
3.35%
2.65'Y
21.98%
3.48%
2.54%
5.21%
2.76",'.
5.14%
2.42%
Table 9: The U.S. and PNW eports to the world, by states, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, ($ U.S.), 1992
SIC
Code
ALL
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL COMMODITIES
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE & GOVER
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFET
UNIDENTIFIED
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABLISHMENT
1,161,677,211
49,836,914
1,506,742
356,349
2,808,694
8,788,685
0
0
2,599,852
122,000,403
0
1,615,792
553,574
33,787,186
2,617,998
98,157,972
3,001,256
49,287,187
276,178
2,588,957
287,920
383,828
2,259,360
14,903,470
569,126,899
166,897,636
15,000,582
6,856,442
3,202,524
573,309
153,135
1,282,278
966,089
WASHINGTON
OREGON
IDAHO
S6$945633'
't'
1418
-
0
7
t2
,430,83Q
297,6I326
4,57l71
9,4M11
199$6
1811$S,527
34,678,310
46,83436
2I,0i4,70
2643828
40,080,355
33,871&28
249,117,803
76,386,064
893,905,984
565,065,549
Z34,339744
392,122,459
35,292,432
50,783,363
863,901
9936693
Z6,068962
PNW TOTAL
30,614,232,016
37,415,465,860
2,403,854,616
48,793,678
14,588,261
313,247,255
9,968,317
3,177,606
37,291,264
56,186,491
1,022,764,327
42,115
15,240,069
45,763,185
1,929,250,994
21355607
910,359,007
145,337,359
417,408,677
354,531,484
68,760,715
9,612,115
53,857,274
640,614,325
211,057,974
805,234,243
517,528,794
19,655,513,972
457,193,031
202,876,432
140,025,918
13,804,379
45,210,842
43,781,690
3,732,171,813
51,817,365
18,379,223
336,611,816
19,914,010
3,177,606
37,297,636
63,417,173
1,442,367,956
78,064
21,426,652
55,781,130
3,056,636,277
40,069,561
1,189,702,506
183,016,985
513,589,300
375,822,392
97,788,600
49,980,590
88,112,927
892,051,488
302,347,508
2,268,267,126
1,250,391,979
19,904,854,298
856,171,932
241,371,388
190,782,590
14,821,415
56,429,813
60,816,741
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER), S ate of Origin of Exports.
PNW's SHARE
OF U.S.
8.36%
447,471,018,668
U.S.A.
22,955,509,200
902,190,497
343,304,095
3,057,135,621
1,258,403,843
4,241,534,887
743,320,802
1,157,188,509
21,039,175,863
4,526,339,065
4,824,042,070
4,929,019,083
7,049,423,356
2,706,027,019
10,456,131,751
4,081,780,864
43,844,610,189
6,531,418,760
8,332,286,904
1,736,332,999
4,099,784,251
15,837,622,064
14,134,475,686
75,565,312,889
53,933,693,879
86,693,026,860
24,665,208,499
7,624,748,053
3,502,981,389
2,056,883,366
1,221,984,929
3,420,121,426
16.26%
5.74%
5.35%
11.01%
1.58%
0.07%
5.02%
5.48%
6.86%
0.00%
0.44%
1.13%
43.36%
1.48%
11.38%
4.48%
1.17%
5.75%
1.17%
2.88%
2.15%
5.63%
2.14%
3.00%
2.32%
22.96%
3.47%
3.17%
5.45%
0.72%
4.62%
1.78%
Table 10: The U.S. and PNW exports to the world, by state, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, ($ U.S.), 1995
SIC
Code
ALL
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3!
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL COMMODITIES
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPENG
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMiCAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE & GOY
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAF
UNIDENTIFIED
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABLISHM
IDAHO
OREGON
WASHINGTON
PNW TOTAL
1,973,287,594
9,436,454,308
24,847,377,699
36,257,119,601
2,033,892,392
1,506,820
4,123,109
39,506,428
453,700
998,829
9,633
2,642,521
339,348,831
13,249
5,345,699
22,736,178
1,106,102,905
14,867,879
278,956,843
29,434,389
86,396,443
31,816,691
74,564,698
77,137,315
52,272,934
240,831,560
105,982,304
2,142,968,692
1,568,981,941
357,817,234
582,092,580
72,121,895
123,336,585
5,350,581
12,429,822
22,413,628
3,664,486,432
76,765,403
25,679,240
460,850,758
17144233
2,289,350
50,384,055
26,552,981
1,471,778,266
835,530
32,802,331
55,043,454
2,242,692,172
21,901,598
1,359,341,460
72,943,666
328,206,431
311,238,637
122,177,166
17,247,058
43,204,684
655,641,141
183,570,027
1,172,952,588
1,081,082,056
10,214,144,599
608,844,426
180,719,913
203,587,044
18,182,488
60,369,674
64,718,838
74,472,542
5,111,722
411,368
1,800,538
11,470,804
0
5,890
3,467,055
186,382,240
0
194,180
1,020,836
24,599,670
2,717,637
188,514,226
4,022,971
81,286,160
344,382
3,088,548
431,735
580,676
2,696,748
22,215,089
701,976,364
584,496,013
40,086,115
16,786,683
2,918,160
6,047,616
940,392
3,493,394
1,707,840
5,772,851,366
83,383,945
30,213,717
502,157,724
29,068,737
3,288,179
50,399,578
32,662,557
1,997,509,337
848,779
38,342,210
78,800,468
3,373,394,747
39,487,114
1,826,812,529
106,401,026
495,889,034
343,399,710
199,830,412
94,816,108
96,058,294
899,169,449
311,767,420
4,017,897,644
3,234,560,010
10,612,047,948
1,207,723,689
255,759,968
332,971,245
24,473,461
76,292,890
88,840,306
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER),State of Origin of Exports.
PNW's
SHARE
OF U.S.
6.22%
583,030,524,528
U.S.A.
30,161,147,30!
960,819,398
297,062,505
2,952,067,619
1,586,100,710
3,573,756,914
733,557,130
1,320,632,037
27,268,049,546
5,300,061,532
6,115,094,381
7,655,885,935
7,832,232,081
3,233,512,864
15,730,889,565
4,841,084,887
60,335,418,848
6,148,122,931
11,725,056,948
1,777,548,258
5,079,139,916
21,607,080,715
16,245,059,417
105,947,586,799
92,203,527,655
87,722,920,290
32,312,267,532
9,934,049,624
6,250,757,499
2,218,112,312
1,660,649,227
2,301,272,152
19.14%
8.68%
10.17%
17.01%
1.83%
0.09%
6.87%
2.47%
7.33%
0.02%
0.63%
1.03%
43.07%
1.22%
11.61%
2.20%
0.82%
5.59%
1.70%
5.33%
1.89%
4.16%
1.92%
3.79%
3.51%
12.10%
3.74%
2.57%
5.33%
1.10%
4.59%
3.86%
Table 11: The U.S. and PNW exports to the world, by state, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, (S U.S.), 1990
SIC
Code
ALL
01
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
98
99
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
ALL COMMODITIES
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE & GOVER
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFET't
UNIDENTIFIED
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABL1SHMENT
OREGON
IDAHO
5,12$1,333>
995,270,397
57,865,402
1,797,870
411,165
2,717,915
70,918,862
1,I738,2O
19,O$
.
0
0
1,474,776
107,021,516
0
1,578,788
239,337
23,897,866
897,940
91,480,037
3,176,989
32,417,940
686,385
980,512
134,135
198,247
11,512,195
14,701,760
391,148,557
141,692,387
15,779,691
5,814,637
1,899,385
1,931,628
123,631
1,636,345
11,138,499
Z2246b
,2SM06,ió'
;
$$7I,6óE
121$,057680
9,$2S,441
122,$U,312
24.37,829
32,1690
11,590,240
21,419,99
43,910,922
24,748750
163,943,990
6,43405&
779,961,349
419,2837S0
201,044,996
348$5440
28,631,028
105,957,891
649,376
7,345,181
13,1239O8
WASHINGTON
28,812,261,276
2,844,860,731
51,196,699
30,497,957
293,948,781
9,152,150
882,180
2,634,230
64,196,059
$32,252,561
352,786
10,813,683
13,683,256
2,109,308,234
13,369,414
813,578,874
86,602,318
401,358,909
277,197,620
60,494,092
5,141,683
46,555,599
1,059,919,213
130,468,224
646,647,380
357,253,953
17,769,867,615
434,150,963
120,376,909
169,056,664
5,905,115
34,724,967
115,810,457
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER), State of Origin of Exports.
PNW TOTAL
34,927,851,006
4,088,464,423
54,223,088
32,852,322
315,965,759
80,442,209
888,580
2,634,230
67,895,468
1,194,280,185
359,825
17,599,258
19,894,194
3,351,263,780
23,595,801
1,027,945,223
114,155,136
465,944,758
289,474,245
82,894,596
49,186,740
71,502,596
1,235,375,398
211,604,040
1,817,657,486
918,230,120
17,986,692,302
788,520,060
150,907,322
276,946,183
6,678,322
43,706,493
140,072,864
U.S.A.
392,975,324,483
22,616,925,639
849,369,466
294,821,648
2,542,685,530
1,267,309,219
4,514,265,896
477,297,871
752,918,782
17,595,845,739
5,051,332,024
3,981,019,036
3,080,609,809
6,740,284,578
1,688,572,219
9,127,442,356
3,352,908,830
40,070,376,176
7,096,262,679
6,654,750,964
1,575,113,876
3,795,201,265
13,331,497,486
11,851,736,895
67,628,346,980
44,530,864,188
71,554,836,677
21,219,535,313
6,412,525,090
5,079,669,035
1,578,611,942
888,372,245
5,774,015,030
PNW's SHARE
OF U.S.
8.89%
18.08%
6.38%
11.14%
12.43%
6.35%.
0.02%
0,55%
9.02%
6.79%
0.01%
0.44%
0.65%
49.72%
1.40%
11.26%
3.40%
1.16%
4.08%
1.25°i(
3.12%
1.88%
9.27%
l.79%
2.69%
2.06'/.
25.14%
3.72%
2.35%
5.45%
0.42%
4.92%
Table 12: The U.S. and PNW exports to the world, by state, by two-digit SIC commodity groups, ($ U.S.), 1989
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
SIC
Code
IDAhO
OREGON
836,099,854
5.090,611,807'
01
CROPS
LIVESTOCK
43,467,810
1,914,812
140,760
1,656,426
57,762,429
0
115,885
544,184
115,637,369
0
238,205
327,826
22,768,539
95,258
98,397,255
1,502,929
24,259,291
251,645
699,978
98,446
363,387
2,487,003
9,686,380
288,853,453
143,506,347
8,142,203
5,209,932
1,081,057
5,138,826
89,539
1,662,680
1M6,494890
02
08
09
10
12
13
14
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
91
92
99
PNW TOTAL
23,964,772,327
29,891,484,988
348,126,806,974
859%
4,367,222,939
63,446,915
46,242,438
221,654,576
70,927,370
1,330 723
5,436,313
57,024,871
1,280,799,844
119,970
15,412,546
15,614,695
3,488,893,373
12,771,998
1,090,098,426
93,954,962
376,747,416
313,302,244
63,521,335
30,212,657
59,700,029
1,247,047,919
191,044,476
1,735,163,040
733,459,516
13,033,806,502
733,868,342
114,047,586
304,318,357
4,858,391
119,435,219
24,408,024,443
829,652,405
330,599,607
1,843,702,893
1,379,674,331
17.89%
7.65%
13.99%
12.02%
5.14%
4288 161 985
89,467,380
003 /
U.S.A.
OF U.S.
ALL COMMODITIES
ALL
PNW's SHARE
WASHINGTON
FORESTRY
FISHING, HUNTING &TRAPPING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
MINING OF NONMETALIC MINERALS
FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
APPAREL
LUMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
FURNITURES & FIXTURES
PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PRINTING & PUBLIShING
CHEMICAL & ALLIED PRODUCTS
PETROLEUME & PRODUCTS
RUBBER & PLASTIC PRODUCTS
LEAThER & LEATHER PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY & GLASS
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIP.
ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL EQUIP.
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
TOTAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE & GOVER
TOTAL JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFET
TOTAL NONCLASSIFIABLE ESTABLISHMENJ
t30$7è8
15
2b4
1
808
4,809,328
1J$4,21024
5,015,060
'I42,07825
22,152,430
31,610,657
15,351,113
18,085,061
24,525,392
12,698,168
196,802,267
54,017,806
758,655,130
336,459,645
190,113,274
314,796,416
21,837,918
94,448,159
908,848
44,701,993
2,977,260,239
60,228,395
42,687,425
197,360,511
9725826
1 327 143
5,315,310
41,417,446
944,013,886
112,290
11,365,461
10,477,541
2,281,912,810
7,661,680
849,627,346
70,299,603
320,877,468
297,698,486
44,736,296
5,588,819
46,638,474
1,047,758,649
127,340,290
687,654,457
253,493,524
12,835,541,025
413,861,994
91,128,611
204,730,772
3,860,004
73,070,546
SOURCE: National Trade Data Bank-The Export Connection (R), Univercity of Massachusettes (MISER), State of Origin of Exports.
1,020,631,360
16,244,878,912
3,654,249,229
3,040,183,775
2,542,574,177
6,255,765,638
989,704,726
8,742,599,078
2,845,814,491
37,698,547,795
5,283,602,968
4,992,716,351
1,224,979,840
2,686,710,207
11,883,178,405
9,823,439,121
62,094,407,890
36,724,070,235
61,807,144,884
19,416,878,081
5,430,172,851
5,057,453,027
89,275,706
5,418,545,183
6.08%
5.59%
7.88%
0.00%
0.51"%
0.61%
55.77%
1.29%
12.47%
3.30%
1.00%
5.93%
1.27%
2.47%
2.22%
10.49%
1.94°4
2.79%
2.00°/.
21.09%
3.78%
2.10%
6.02%
5.44%
2.20%