It’s Up to Us: Going the Distance to Improve Results and Close Gaps Governor’s Education Summit Lansing, MI April, 2009 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST First, some good news. After more than a decade of fairly flat achievement and stagnant or growing gaps, we appear to be turning the corner. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Record Performance for All Groups 9 Year Olds – NAEP Reading 250 240 226 Average Scale Score 230 220 214 210 205 200 200 190 183 180 170 160 170 African American Latino White 150 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Record Performance for All Groups 9 Year Olds – NAEP Math 250 247 240 Average Scale Score 230 230 225 224 220 210 200 190 202 190 180 170 African American 160 Latino White 150 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Not Much Progress 13 Year Olds – NAEP Reading 300 290 Average Scale Score 280 270 266 261 260 250 244 240 242 232 230 220 222 African American 210 Latino White 200 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Increases and Record Performance for All Groups 13 Year Olds – NAEP Math 300 290 Average Scale Score 280 288 274 270 265 260 262 250 240 239 230 228 220 African American 210 Latino White 200 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Those trends have continued on “Main” NAEP Exams, too © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST NAEP Grade 4 Math, Average Scale Scores Over Time All Students, Nation Proficient Scale Score: 249 * Accommodations for students with disabilities and English language learners not permitted. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ NAEP Grade 4 Math, Average Scale Scores Over Time by Race/Ethnicity, Nation Proficient Scale Score: 249 * Accommodations for students with disabilities and English language learners not permitted. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ NAEP Grade 4 Math, Average Scale Scores Over Time by Family Income, Nation Proficient Scale Score: 249 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ Bottom Line: When we really focus on something, we make progress! © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Clearly, much more remains to be done in elementary and middle school Too many youngsters still enter high school way behind. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST But at least we have some traction on elementary and middle school problems. The same is NOT true of our high schools. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Achievement Flat in Reading 17 Year Olds Overall - NAEP 340 330 Average Scale Score 320 310 300 290 280 289 285 270 260 250 240 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Achievement Also Flat in Math 17 Year Olds Overall - NAEP 340 330 Average Scale Score 320 310 300 307 302 290 280 270 260 250 240 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST And gaps between groups are wider today than in 1990 © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST 17 Year Olds – NAEP Reading 320 310 Average Scale Score 300 290 21 280 29 270 260 250 240 230 African American Latino White 220 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST 17 Year Olds – NAEP Math 340 330 Average Scale Score 320 310 28 20 300 290 280 270 260 African American 250 Latino White 240 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 Source: NAEP Long-Term Trends, NCES (2004) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Why so much less progress in our high schools? Hormones? If so, we’d see the same pattern in other countries. And we don’t. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST In TIMSS Grade 4 and 8, US middle of pack. On the high school exam— PISA—our rankings slip. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Of 29 OECD Countries, U.S.A. Ranked 24th 2003 PISA - Math 550 Average Scale Score U.S.A. 500 450 400 350 300 Source: PISA 2003 Results, OECD © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Problems are not limited to our high-poverty and highminority schools . . . © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST U.S.A. Ranks Low in the Percentage of Students in the Highest Achievement Level (Level 6) in Math 2003 PISA - Math 10% 8% 6% 4% U.S.A. 2% 0% Source: PISA 2003 Results, OECD © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST U.S.A. Ranks 23rd out of 29 OECD Countries in the Math Achievement of the Highest-Performing Students* 2003 PISA - Math 700 Average Scale Score U.S.A. 650 600 550 500 450 * Students at the 95th Percentile Source: PISA 2003 Results, OECD © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST U.S.A. Ranks 23rd out of 29 OECD Countries in the Math Achievement of High-SES Students 600 2003 PISA - Math U.S.A. Average Scale Score 550 500 450 400 350 Source: PISA 2003 Results, OECD © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Problems not limited to math, either. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Science? © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Of 30 OECD Countries, U.S.A. Ranked 21st 2006 PISA - Science Average Scale Score 600 550 U.S.A. 500 450 400 350 Higher than U.S. average Not measurably different from U.S. average Lower than U.S. average Source: PISA 2006 Results, OECD © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Even in problem-solving, something we consider an American strength… © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST U.S.A. Ranks 24th Out of 29 OECD Countries in Problem-Solving 2003 PISA Average Scale Score 600 550 U.S.A. 500 450 400 350 Source: PISA 2003 Results, OECD © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Only place we rank high? Inequality. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST PISA 2003: Gaps in Performance Of U.S.15 Year-Olds Are Among the Largest of OECD Countries Mathematical Literacy Problem Solving Rank in Performance Gaps Between Highest and Lowest Achieving Students * 8th 6th *Of 29 OECD countries, based on scores of students at the 5th and 95th percentiles. Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), PISA 2003 Results, data available at http://www.oecd.org/ © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Among OECD Countries, U.S.A. has the 4th Largest Gap Between High-SES and Low-SES Students 2006 PISA - Science Gap in Average Scale Score 600 U.S.A. 550 500 450 400 350 Source: PISA 2006 Results, OECD, table 4.8b © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST These gaps begin before children arrive at the schoolhouse door. But, rather than organizing our educational system to ameliorate this problem, we organize it to exacerbate the problem. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST How? By giving students who arrive with less, less in school, too. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Some of these “lesses” are a result of choices that policymakers make. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST National Inequities in State and Local Revenue Per Student High Poverty vs. Low Poverty Districts High Minority vs. Low Minority Districts Gap –$773 per student –$1,122 per student Source: Education Trust analyses based on U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Census Bureau data for the 2005-06 school year. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST MICHIGAN? Less Spent Educating Children in High Poverty Districts, Too Source: © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST In truth, though, some of the most devastating “lesses” are a function of choices that we educators make. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Choices we make about what to expect of whom… © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Students in Poor Schools Receive ‘A’s for Work That Would Earn ‘Cs’ in Affluent Schools 100 87 Percentile - CTBS4 Seventh Grade Math 56 41 34 35 22 21 11 0 A B Grades Low-poverty schools C D High-poverty schools Source: Prospects (ABT Associates, 1993), in “Prospects: Final Report on Student Outcomes”, PES, DOE, 1997. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Choices we make about what to teach whom… © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Fewer Latino students are enrolled in Algebra 2 80 Percent Enrolled 62 45 Latino White 0 1998 Source: CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics Education, 2001 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST African American, Latino & Native American high school graduates are less likely to have been enrolled46in a full college prep track 50 percent in college prep 39 25 22 21 Latino Native American 0 African American Asian White Full College Prep track is defined as at least: 4 years of English, 3 years of math, 2 years of natural science, 2 years of social science and 2 years of foreign language Source: Jay P. Greene, Public High School Graduation and College Readiness Rates in the United States, © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Manhattan Institute, September 2003. Table 8. 2001 high school graduates with college-prep curriculum. And choices we make about who teaches whom… © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Percent of Classes Taught by Out of Field Teachers More Classes in High-Poverty, High-Minority Schools Taught By Out-of-Field Teachers 50% 34% 29% 19% 21% 0% High poverty Low poverty High minority Low minority Note: High Poverty school-50% or more of the students are eligible for free/reduced price lunch. Low-poverty school -15% or fewer of the students are eligible for free/reduced price lunch. High-minority school - 50% or more of the students are nonwhite. Low-minority school- 15% or fewer of the students are nonwhite. *Teachers lacking a college major or minor in the field. Data for secondary-level core academic classes. © 2009 EDUCATION Source: Richard M. Ingersoll, University of Pennsylvania. Original analysis for the Ed Trust of 1999-2000 Schools andTHE Staffing Survey. TRUST Poor and Minority Students Get More Inexperienced* Teachers Percent of Teachers Who Are Inexperienced 25% 21% 20% 11% 10% 0% High poverty Low poverty High minority Low minority *Teachers with 3 or fewer years of experience. Note: High poverty refers to the top quartile of schools with students eligible for free/reduced price lunch. Low povertybottom quartile of schools with students eligible for free/reduced price lunch. High minority-top quartile; those schools with the highest concentrations of minority students. Low minority-bottom quartile of schools with the lowest concentrations of minority students © 2000. 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, “Monitoring Quality: An Indicators Report,” December MICHIGAN: More Classes in High-Poverty, High-Minority Schools Taught By Out-ofField Teachers High poverty Low poverty High minority Low minority Note: High Poverty school-50% or more of the students are eligible for free/reduced price lunch. Low-poverty school -15% or fewer of the students are eligible for free/reduced price lunch. High-minority school - 50% or more of the students are nonwhite. Low-minority school- 15% or fewer of the students are nonwhite. *Teachers lacking a college major or minor in the field. Data for secondary-level core academic classes. © 2009 EDUCATION Source: Richard M. Ingersoll, University of Pennsylvania. Original analysis for the Ed Trust of 1999-2000 Schools andTHE Staffing Survey. TRUST Results are devastating. Kids who come in a little behind, leave a lot behind. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST African American and Latino 17 Year-Olds Do Math at Same Levels As White 13 Year-Olds Percent of Students 100% 0% 200 250 300 350 Average Scale Score White 13 Year-Olds African American 17 Year-Olds Latino 17-Year Olds Note: Long-Term Trends NAEP Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP 2004 Trends in Academic Progress © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST African American and Latino 17 Year-Olds Read at Same Levels As White 13 Year-Olds Percent of Students 100% 0% 150 200 250 300 350 Average Scale Score White 13 Year-Olds African American 17 Year-Olds Latino 17 Year-Olds Note: Long-Term Trends NAEP Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP 2004 Trends in Academic Progress © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST And those are the students who remain in school… © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST How Many Students Graduate With Their Class? (2006) Source: © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Among High School Graduates, College-going is up for all groups. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Percent Going to College 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Immediate* College-Going Increasing for All Groups: 1980 to 2006 Year African American Latino White * Percent of high school completers who were enrolled in college the October after completing high school © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: Condition of Education 2008 Table 24-1. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/2008/section3/table.asp?tableID=902 College-Going Generally Increasing for All Income Groups 90.0 College Going Rate 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 Low-Income High-Income 20.0 10.0 0.0 Source: U.S Dept. of Education, NCES, The Condition of Education, 2008, Table 24-1 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST But though college-going up for minorities, gains among whites have been greater © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Percentage Point Increase in College Going, 1980-2005 All Groups Up In College-Going from 19802006, But Gaps Also Increase 50 40 30 19 20 12 10 6 0 Black Hispanic White © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, The Condition of Education And though college going up for low-income students, they still haven’t reached rate of high income students in mid-seventies. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST College-Going Rates by Family Income Year 1976 1986 1996 2006 Low Income 39% 34% 49% 51% Middle Income 41% 49% 63% 61% Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, The Condition of Education 2008. Indicator 24. High Income 63% 71% 78% 81% © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST What about graduation? © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Black and Latino Freshmen Complete College at Lower Rates (6 Year Rates; All 4-Year Institutions) 70% 60% 64% 59% Overall rate: 55% 50% 41% 41% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% White Black Latino Asian Source: U.S. DOE, NCES, 1995-96 Beginning Postsecondary Students © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Longitudinal Study, Second Follow-Up (BPS: 96/01) in U.S. DOE, Add it all up… © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Different groups of young Americans obtain degrees at very different rates. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Some Americans Are Much Less Likely to Graduate From College 25-29 Year Olds with B.A. or Higher White 35.5% Black 19.5% Latino 11.6% Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, The Condition of Education 2008. Indicator 25. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Some Americans Are Much Less Likely to Graduate From College B.A. Rate by Age 24 Young People from High SES Families Young People from Low SES Families 75% 9% Note: SES is a weighted variable developed by NCES, which includes parental education levels and occupations and family income. “High” and “low” refer to the highest and lowest quartiles of SES. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity, Number 156, June 2005, “Family Income and Higher Education Opportunity 1970 to 2003” These rates threaten health of our democracy. But even for those who don’t care much about that, they are particularly worrisome, given which groups are growing…and which aren’t. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Growth Differs Substantially by Group White Native American Latino Asian African American 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Millions Projected Increase in the Population of 25-64 Year-Olds, 2000 to 2020 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Projections © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Not surprisingly, our international lead is slipping away We’re still relatively strong (although no longer in the lead) with all adults. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Percent of Adults Ages 25-64 with Associates Degree or Higher U.S: 3rd Out of 30 OECD Countries in Overall Postsecondary Attainment 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 United States (38%) Source: 2007 OECD Education at a Glance, www.oecd.org/edu/eag2007. Note: data is for 2005. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Percentage (Ages 25-34) with Associates Degree or Higher U.S. tied for 9th out of 30 OECD nations in the percentage of younger workers with an associates degree or higher 60 50 United States (39%) 40 30 20 10 0 Source: 2007 OECD Education at a Glance, www.oecd.org/edu/eag2007. Note: data is for 2005. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Difference in Percentage of Workforce with Associates Degree or Higher: Ages 25-34 Compared to 45-54 U.S. is one of only two OECD nations where today’s young people are not better educated than their parents 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 United States (0) 5 0 -5 Source: 2007 OECD Education at a Glance, www.oecd.org/edu/eag2007. Note: data is for 2005. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST To reach top performing countries Percent of Adults Ages 25-64 100 80 60 BA + AA 40 55 20 38 0 U.S. Attainment Top Performers © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: 2007 OECD Education at a Glance, www.oecd.org/edu/eag2007. What Can We Do? An awful lot of Americans have decided that we can’t do much. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST What We Hear Many Adults Say: • They’re poor • Their parents don’t care • They come to schools without breakfast • Not enough books • Not enough parents Source: N/A © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST But if they are right, why are lowincome students and students of color performing so much higher in some schools… © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Capitol View Elementary Atlanta, Georgia • 228 students in grades K-5 – 96% African American • 88% Low-Income Source: Georgia Department of Education © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST High Achievement for All at Capitol View Elementary Students Overall (2007) Percentage Meeting Standards 100% 98% 96% 95% 98% 100% 97% Grade 3 Grade 4 Reading Grade 5 Grade 3 Grade 4 Math Grade 5 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Source: Georgia Department of Education © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Exceeding Standards at Capitol View African American Students Grade 3 Reading (2007) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: Georgia Department of Education, http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/findaschool.aspx?RPT=RC&RID=102&StateID=ALL Frankford Elementary School © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Frankford Elementary Frankford, Delaware • • • • • 449 Students in Grades PreK-5 29% African American 34% Latino 34% White 76% Low-Income Source: Delaware Department of Education Online School Profiles, http://issm.doe.state.de.us/profiles/EntitySearch.ASPX © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Frankford Elementary Closing Gaps, Grade 5 Reading Source: Delaware Department of Education, DSTP Online Reports, http://dstp.doe.k12.de.us/DSTPmart/default.asp © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Frankford Elementary Closing Gaps, Grade 5 Math Source: Delaware Department of Education, DSTP Online Reports, http://dstp.doe.k12.de.us/DSTPmart/default.asp © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Frankford Elementary Higher Proficiency Rates than the State, 2005 Grade 3 Reading Source: Delaware Department of Education, DSTP Online Reports, http://dstp.doe.k12.de.us/DSTPmart/default.asp © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Frankford Elementary Higher Proficiency Rates than the State, 2005 Grade 3 Math Source: Delaware Department of Education, DSTP Online Reports, http://dstp.doe.k12.de.us/DSTPmart/default.asp © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Elmont Memorial Junior-Senior High Elmont, New York • 1,945 students in grades 7-12 – 77% African American • 27% Low-Income Source: New York Department of Education © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Elmont: Out-Performing the State Secondary-Level English (2006) Source: New York Department of Education, https://www.nystart.gov/publicweb/ © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Improvement and High Performance at Elmont Memorial Junior-Senior High African-American Students – Secondary-Level Math 100% Percentage Meeting Standards 90% 96% 93% 85% 80% 70% 60% 46% 50% 51% 55% Elmont New York 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2005 2006 2007 Source: New York Department of Education © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST More Students Graduate at Elmont Memorial Junior-Senior High Class of 2007 100% 97% 94% 93% 90% 80% Graduation Rate 70% 60% 55% 60% 53% 50% Elmont 40% New York 30% 20% 10% 0% African American Latino Low-Income Source: New York Department of Education © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Very big differences at college level, too. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Research Institutions Similar Students, Different Results Median SAT Size % Pell % URM Overall URM Grad Grad Rate Rate Penn State University 1,190 33,684 18.5% 7.4% 84.2% 68.8% University of Wisconsin 1,260 27,869 13.7% 5.9% 76.7% 57% University of Washington 1,200 24,540 23.2% 8.7% 74.3% 63.7% Purdue University 1,145 30,579 18.4% 6.6% 66.4% 52.4% University of Minnesota 1,165 28,910 18.4% 7.2% 60.7% 41.4% Source: College Results Online 2005 data © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Masters Institutions – Large Similar Students, Different Results University of Northern Iowa Montclair State Western Illinois University of Wisconsin Whitewater Southern Illinois Edwardsville Median SAT Size % Pell Overall Graduation Rate 1,045 10,167 26.5% 65% 1,045 10,664 27.1% 58.3% 990 10,639 28.9% 55.4% 1,030 8,844 21% 50% 1,045 9,803 29.1% 44.8% Source: College Results Online 2005 data © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Historically Black Colleges Similar Students, Different Results Median SAT Size % Pell Overall Graduation Rate Elizabeth City 835 2,390 65.6% 48.8% Delaware State 810 3,111 52.1% 35.1% University of Arkansas Pine Bluff Norfolk State 775 2,931 75.3% 30.3% 880 4,726 55.5% 29.2% 2,968 67.1% 20.2% Coppin State Source: College Results Online 2005 data © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Bottom Line: At every level of education, what we do matters a lot! © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST What about Michigan? © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Compared with other states? © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST 2007 NAEP Grade 4 Reading Average Overall Scale Scores by State National Average Michigan Proficient Scale Score: 238 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 4 Reading Average White Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 238 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 4 Reading Average Latino Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 238 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 4 Reading Average African American Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 238 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 8 Math Average Overall Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 299 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 8 Math Average White Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 299 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 8 Math Average Latino Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 299 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ 2007 NAEP Grade 8 Math Average African American Scale Scores by State National Average Proficient Scale Score: 299 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/ At the college level? © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST College Graduation Rates: Michigan Below Top States © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Michigan Lags in College Degrees © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST College Costs for Low-Income Families: Michigan Higher than Most © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Needs-Based Aid to Help With College: Michigan Lower Than Most © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST What Do We Know About How To Accelerate Success? What do the high performers do? (Today, focusing mainly on lessons from K-12) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST #1. They focus on what they can do, rather than what they can’t. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Some schools and districts get all caught up in “correlations”. Spend endless time tracking: • Percent of babies born at low birth-weight • Percent of children born to single moms • Percent of children in families receiving government assistance • Education levels of mothers Source: N/A © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST The leaders in high-performing high poverty schools and districts don’t do that. “ Some of our children live in pretty dire circumstances. But we can’t dwell on that, because we can’t change it. So when we come here, we have to dwell on that which is going to move our kids.” Barbara Adderly, Principal, M. Hall Stanton Elementary, Philadelphia © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST #2. They don’t leave anything about teaching and learning to chance. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST An awful lot of our teachers—even brand new ones—are left to figure out on their own what to teach and what constitutes “good enough” work. Result? A System That: • Doesn’t expect very much from MOST students • Expects much less from some types of students than others. Source: N/A © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST ‘A’ Work in Poor Schools Would Earn ‘Cs’ in Affluent Schools 100 87 Percentile - CTBS4 Seventh Grade Math 56 41 34 35 22 21 11 0 A B Grades Low-poverty schools C D High-poverty schools Source: Prospects (ABT Associates, 1993), in “Prospects: Final Report on Student Outcomes”, PES, DOE, 1997. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Students can do no better than the assignments they are given... © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Grade 10 Writing Assignment A frequent theme in literature is the conflict between the individual and society. From literature you have read, select a character who struggled with society. In a well-developed essay, identify the character and explain why this character’s conflict with society is important. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Grade 10 Writing Assignment Write a composition of at least 4 paragraphs on Martin Luther King’s most important contribution to this society. Illustrate your work with a neat cover page. Neatness counts. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST High Performing Schools and Districts • Have clear and specific goals for what students should learn in every grade, including the order in which they should learn it • Provide teachers with common curriculum, assignments • Have regular vehicle to assure common marking standards • Assess students every 4-8 weeks to measure progress • Act immediately on the results of those assessments Source: N/A © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST #3. They set their goals high. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Elementary Version… © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST M. Hall Stanton Elementary: Percent of 5th Graders ADVANCED 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 42 30 Reading Math 1 1 2001 2005 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST High School Version… © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Even when they start with high drop out rates, high impact high schools focus on preparing all kids for college and careers Education Trust 2005 study, “Gaining Traction, Gaining Ground.” © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST #4. Higher performing secondary schools put all kids—not just some—in a demanding high school core curriculum. And those demanding courses are not just demanding in name only. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST The single biggest predictor post-high school success is the QUALITY AND INTENSITY OF THE HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM Cliff Adelman, The Toolbox Revisited, U.S. Department of Education © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST College prep curriculum ALSO has benefits far beyond college. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Students of all sorts will learn more... © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Low Quartile Students Gain More From College Prep Courses* *Grade 8-grade 12 test score gains based on 8th grade achievement. Source: USDOE, NCES, Vocational Education in the United States: Toward the Year 2000, in Issue Brief: Students Who Prepare for College and Vocation © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST They will also fail less often... © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Challenging Curriculum Results in Lower Failure Rates, Even for Lowest Achievers Ninth-grade English performance, by high/low level course, and eighth-grade reading achievement quartiles Source: SREB, “Middle Grades to High School: Mending a Weak Link”. Unpublished Draft, 2002. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST And they’ll be better prepared for the workplace. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Leading states are making college prep the default curriculum. Texas, Indiana, Arkansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, South Dakota, New York © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST #5. Good schools know how much teachers matter, and they act on that knowledge. © © 2009 2009 THE THE EDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST TRUST Students in Dallas Gain More in Math with Effective Teachers One Year Growth from 3rd to 4th Grade Average Normal Curve Equivalents 20 16 15 10 7 5 0 Students with Teachers in Lowest Quintile of Effectiveness Students with Teachers in Highest Quintile of Effectiveness Source: Heather Jordan, Robert Mendro, and Dash Weerasinghe, The Effects of Teachers on Longitudinal Student Achievement (1997) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Cumulative Teacher Effects On Students’ Math Scores in Dallas Grades 3-5 100 90 Average Percentile Rank 80 76 70 Beginning Grade 3 Percentile Rank= 57 60 50 Beginning Grade 3 Percentile Rank= 55 Dallas Students Assigned to 3 Highly Effective Teachers in a Row Dallas Students Assigned to 3 Ineffective Teachers in a Row 40 30 20 27 10 0 Source: Heather Jordan, Robert Mendro, and Dash Weerasinghe, The Effects of Teachers on Longitudinal Student Achievement (1997) © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Good teachers matter a lot. But some groups of kids don’t get their fair share of quality teachers. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST High performing schools and districts… • Work hard to attract and hold good teachers • Make sure that their best are assigned to the students who most need them • Chase out teachers who are not “good enough” for their kids. Source: N/A © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST #6. In good systems, leaders are focused, relentless, and they have the… © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST The single biggest predictor post-high school success is the QUALITY AND INTENSITY OF THE HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM Cliff Adelman, The Toolbox Revisited, U.S. Department of Education But are most of our kids getting anything that even remotely resembles INTENSE? © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST …Courage to take on the tough parts. 2008THE THEEDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST ©©2009 TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Preserving our freedoms as Americans has required courage, tenacity and a high level of skill from generations of soldiers. Today, it requires those same things of us. 2008THE THEEDUCATION EDUCATION TRUST ©©2009 TRUST The children in these pictures are some of the lucky ones. Though they are poor…they live on the high end of the gap because they attend schools that enable their students to soar. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST But most of the children who look like them aren’t so lucky. They live on the bottom side of the gap. Not because they couldn’t learn…but because we didn’t bother to teach them. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST The most important agenda for all of us? Turning that around. © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST Download this presentation on our website! www.edtrust.org Stay connected. Place your contact information in the EdTrust bag on your way out. 1250 H Street NW – Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 293-1217 © 2009 THE EDUCATION TRUST