Jews
1. Historical Context

Antisemitism

Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob; the twelve tribes of Israel; Judah; Canaan

Moses; Ten Commandments (Decalogue); Sinai; Saul; David; Solomon; Jerusalem

Assyrians; Babylonian Captivity; Sabbath; circumcision; synagogue

Siege of Jerusalem (70); Simon Bar Kochba (revolt 132-135); Aelia Capitolina;
Diaspora; Wailing Wall; Tisha B’Av
2. Jewish Integration

David Gans (d. 1613); Benedict Spinoza (d.1677); Court Jews: Jacob Bassevi
(d.1634); Samson Wertheimer (d.1724)

Pico della Mirandola (d.1494); Johannes Reuchlin (d.1522); Cabbala; Maimonides
(d.1204)

Martin Luther, That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew (1523)

Re-admittance of Jews into England (1656)

Yiddish, Ladino; Kashrut (dietary laws); ghettos: Venice (1516), Rome (1555)

Pope Callixtus II, Sicut Judaeis (c.1120); Boleslaus V, Statute of Kalisz (1264)
3. Persecution of Jews

Obstinacy; legalism; Martin Luther, On the Jews and their Lies (1543)

Host desecration; Brussels massacre (1370)

Blood libel: Hugh of Lincoln (1255); Simon of Trento (1475)

Pogroms: Granada (1066); Shepherds’ Crusade (1320); Germany/Switzerland (1348)

Christopher Marlowe, The Jew of Malta (1590); William Shakespeare, The Merchant
of Venice (1598)

Expulsions from France (1182, 1306, 1322, 1394)

Massacres at London and York (1189-90); expulsion from England (1290)

Conversos, Marranos; expulsion from Spain (1492), Portugal (1497); Lisbon
massacre (1506); Sephardi Jews

Spanish Inquisition (founded 1478); Portuguese Inquisition (1536)

Expulsion from Lithuania (1495), Brandenburg (1573); Chmielnicki Uprising (1648);
Ashkenazi Jews

Johannes Reuchlin (d.1522); Johannes Pfefferkorn (d.1523)
Glossary
Cabbala/Kabbalah – literally ‘tradition’; a mystical interpretation of the Old Testament
Conversos – Christians who were once Jews but converted, often under compulsion
Kehillah – a Jewish community or, more especially, its council (plural kehillot)
Torah – literally ‘instruction’; the first five books of the Old Testament
HI266 5
SMJB 10/14