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PIETER VAN BEUKERING
30 NOVEMBER 2012
Analytical Framework
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1. Local cultural & recreational values
 Interviewed 400 households
 Representative sample of
Bonaire population
 Question on range of topics:
•
•
•
•
Interaction with nature
Expenditures
Perception of threats & solutions
Value of nature
 Applied choice modeling
3
4
Local Willingness to pay– ban on free roaming goats
100
90
WTP ($ per year)
80
70
60
Antilles
Bonaire
Caribbean
Latin America
Netherlands
50
40
30
20
10
0
Uncontrolled
Complete ban
grazing
grazing
5
2. International tourism value
 Interviewed 250 online surveys
and 800 exit surveys
 Representative sample of stayover and cruise tourists
 Question on range of topics:
•
•
•
•
•
Role nature in choice destination
Type of nature related activities
Expenditures
Role of quality nature for revisit
Value of nature
 Applied choice modeling
6
7
Outcome choice experiment
Terrestrial
Waste, water environment
& energy
4%
8%
Crowdedness
10%
Priorities for
all visitors
Marine
environment
42%
Safety
36%
8
Differences in cruise and stay-over tourists
Would you return to a more crowded
Bonaire (50% more buildings/people)?
Would you return with significantly
degraded coral reefs?
Crowdedness
Degraded Reef
60%
60%
50%
Maybe
Maybe
50%
No
Maybe
40%
No
40%
Maybe
Yes
Yes
No
30%
Maybe
Yes
No
20%
Yes
30%
20%
Maybe
Yes
Yes
10%
10%
0%
0%
Cruise
Stay-over
No
No
Cruise
Stay-over
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3. Fishery value
 Interviewed 40 professional
fishermen & 400 recreational
fishermen
 Representative sample of
professionals/residents of Bonaire
 Question on range of topics:
•
•
•
•
Catch performance
Perceived state of fish stock
Importance for income/subsistence
Value of fishing
 Net factor income & choice
modeling
10
Some insights in perception commercial fishermen
One of the results:
43% of the fishermen believe
overexploitation is the cause
of decreasing catch
Fishery value (in mln $)
0,25
 Best year
 Worst year
Age of fishermen
0,94
Commercial
Recreational
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4. Non-use value of BES in the Netherlands
 Interviewed 500 online surveys
and 800 face-to-face surveys
 Representative sample of
residents of the Netherlands
 Question on range of topics:
•
•
•
•
Relative importance nature
Type of nature related activities
Exposure to BES islands
Value of nature
 Applied choice modeling
12
13
Willingness to pay by Dutch residents
WTP in principle
for Dutch Nature
40%
No
60%
Yes
Location for the improvement
WTP in principle for
Caribbean NL Nature
48%
No
52%
Yes
Average per month
The Netherlands
€10.82
The Caribbean Netherlands
€4.83
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5. Putting value to use
15
Total Economic Value ($105 million/year)
Bonaire’s GDP-2008 was estimated at US$224 million
16
Total Economic Value / Total Financial Value
17
Total Economic Value / Total Financial Value
18
Value mapping as tool for prioritization
Tourism value
map
Fishery value
map
+
 Overlaying the value map with threat map points at intervention hotspots
19
TEV under different scenarios
120
USD (in millions)
100
80
Restoration
60
Baseline
Conservation
40
Sewage
20
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Years
2035
2040
2045
20
Cost benefit analysis of various interventions
8
7
Restoration
Sewage Treatment
Benefit / cost ratio
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15%
Discount Rate
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6. Putting value to use - in short
Awareness (unknown = no value)
 Public Netherlands - film
 Public Bonaire - radio
 Practitioners – training
Decision making
 Standard CBA for larger projects
 Damage assessment protocol
 Emergency plan Bonaire
Sustainable Financing
 Update user fee system
 Solidarity payments from NL
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Awareness raising
• Develop educational tools for schools
• Involve business in commoditization of ecosystem services
• Explore options for real transition to a green island economy
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Thank your for your attention!
Please, visit our website for more information on this study.
http://www.ivm.vu.nl/en/projects/Projects/economics/Bonaire/
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