FUGRO EARTHDATA, Inc.
Introduction to the New GeoSAR
Interferometric Radar Sensor
Bill Sharp
GeoSAR Regional Director - Americas
Becky Morton
Regional Manager
Configuration, Capabilities, Limitations, and Examples
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About FUGRO EARTHDATA
FUGRO Corporate Global Network
10,000 employees in 275 offices in 60 countries
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Agenda
Objectives:
Present the GeoSAR IFSAR sensor
Presentation:
• Introduction to GeoSAR
-
What is GeoSAR?
Technology and Components
• Data and Applications
-
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Elevation Data
Magnitude Images (MAG)
Band Combinations and
Visualizations
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Introduction to GeoSAR
What is GeoSAR?
Single-pass, dual frequency, interferometric radar mapping
system
X-band shows first surface
P-band reveals detail beneath canopy
Rapid, large area mapping through cloud cover, day and night
Products include
Ortho-rectified X and P radar reflectance images, co-registered
with each other and…
Digital elevation models (DEMs)
Lidar profiler derived ground control points
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X and P Compared to L Bands
Lidar
X Band
P Band
Diferences between Lidar and Radar Bands
GeoSAR
Other sensors
Phh (85 cm)
L (24 cm)
GeoSAR
Xvv (3 cm)
Forest: leaves reflect X-band signals but not P-band which penetrates the canopy to probe the
vertical trunk region of the foliage at a wavelength comparable to trunk dimensions.
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GeoSAR Investment History
TEC PM
DARPA Leadership
NGA Leadership
June 2003
IOC – $2M internal
EarthData Acquires Calgis
Phase-I ($15M)
CY95
Phase-II ($35M)
CY96
CY97
CY98
Phase-III ($20M)
CY99
CY00
1st image band-X
CY01
CY02
Flight Certification
1st image band-P
CY03
Band-P Cal
Band-X Cal
Freq. Approvals
Rest. ITAR
Auto. Processing
System Improvement Program (Internal & External)
GSIP Phase 3 ($5M)
GSIP Phase 1 ($8.6M)
GSIP Phase 2 ($4M)
CY04
CY06
CY05
CY07
CY08
$78 M
Processing
Storage
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Processing
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GeoSAR Components
Antenna
Positioning
Measurement Unit
Two X-band antennas
Two P-band antennas
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GeoSAR Components
Aircraft,
bottom
view
i
k
Lidar
EGI
APMU
X-band antenna
P-band antenna
APMU target
phase center
j
• A dozen (12) GPS/IMU for motion measurement
• Motion measured and compensated – 1 millimeter
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APMU target array viewed
in flight
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Flight Characteristics
Collection Height:
10,000m to 12,500m MSL
14k
m
11.5 km
14k
m
X-Band (3 cm wavelength)
P-Band (85 cm wavelength)
Profiling LIDAR (3 Returns, 3 Intensities)
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2 views of ground
In X and P simultaneously
Both sides of plane
Interferometric
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Additional Control from the Profiling LASER
3 ground distance and intensity measurements per pulse
reduces/eliminates the necessity for additional control in remote areas,
incrwasing the precision of DEM’s and mosaic products.
2-3 m diameter point
every 36cm on the
ground
x, y, z
GCP
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Lidar Leica ALS40
modified for profiling at
altitude (12 km or more)
x, y, z
GCP
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On-line Project Management – Acquisition & Production
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GeoSAR Product Characteristics
X-band
DEM height accuracy
Single swath
Mosaic
P-band
0.5-1.2 m
(Relative)
1-3 m
(Relative)
~1.0 m
(Absolute)
1-4 m
(Absolute)
DEM resolution
2.5 - 5 metres
2.5 - 5 metres
Planimetric Accuracy
1 m (Relative)
2 m @ 5 km Altitude (Absolute)
< 2.5 m (Absolute)
4 m @ 10 km Altitude
Ground swath
12 -14 km on each side
12 -14 km on each side
Polarization
VV
HH and HV or VV and VH
Pixel Size
1.25 – 3m
1.25 – 5m
(Absolute)
Multi-swath mosaicking and application of Lidar ground measurements results in
considerable improvement over single-swath accuracy.
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Fugro EarthData, Inc. Processing Facility
Processor monitoring
Robotic Tape Library
• 3000 Tape capacity
• 500 GB / tape
• 1.5 PB storage
SGI Processing
• 512GB RAM
• 128 processors
• 128 processors in action
• Any system problem
triggers 24hr page
notification to IT staff
• 86 TB On-line
• 88 TB Near-line
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User
Request
The Basic GeoSAR Process Flow
ACQUISITION PROCESS
FPS
Flight Planning
System
Radar
Command
Disk
Data
Collection
Flight
Log
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Ground
Processor
Radar
Data
Mosaic &
Merge
DEM
Editing
dGPS
Data
Formatting &
Distribution
Navigation
Software
Mission & Ground
Crew
Air Traffic Control
Frequency Permits
PRODUCTION PROCESS
FINISHING
PROCESS
GulfStream
II
Gnd
Station
Differential GPS
Ground Reference
(Optional)
NavCom
Real Time
GPS
Customer
Data
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GeoSAR – Solutions
Overcoming limitations
- See individual trees, water, paths, fences, wires and other features
beneath vegetation canopy that blocks Lidar and optical data
- Detect moisture levels in vegetation or soils
- Map vegetation covered or buried structures
- Delineate land/water boundaries
- Gap fill in areas which continually challenge other sensors
- Integrate with other sensors (fusion with airborne or satellite)
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Standard Products of GeoSAR
3m
pixel
X-band
Orthorectified
Radar
Image
5m
pixel
P-band
Orthorectified
Radar
Image (foliage penetration)
3m
X-band
DEM
(first surface intensity image)
(note clarity of streets beneath overhanging trees)
(and 5m P-band DEM)
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Coastal Mapping
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Port Moresby X-DEM
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Malibu, Ortho-Image over DEM
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Colombia, Forested Area
Digital Elevation Model
Magnitude Images
P-band
P-band
X-band
9m tree
Height
P-band
Drainage feature profile comparison
Top-Surface (X-band) vs. Sub-Surface (P-band)
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Colombia, Revealing Terrain Under Forest Canopy
Xvv - MAG
Phh - MAG
X-DEM
P-DEM
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Reveling Geologic Structure
GeoSAR, Andes of
Colombia
3D
3D perspective
perspective of
of P-Band
X radar MAG
brightness
on top
of
data
P-Band
overlaid
IFSAR
on X-band
DEM IFSAR DEM
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Colombia, Separating Forest from Terrain
Comparison of X
and P band DEM
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Foliage surfaces disappear
in P-band DEM
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Flooded wetlands below canopy
X-band MAG
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P-band MAG
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Drainage reconstruction
X-DEM drainage, Strahler Orders 3-6
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P-DEM drainage, Strahler Orders 3-7
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Mapping drainage basins
X-band Strahler Drainage Orders 4-6
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P- band Strahler BasinOrders 1-4
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Superimposing drainage over terrain models
X – Strahler Orders 3-6
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P- Strahler Orders 3-7
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Flood modelling from IFSAR DEMs
X
P
Shaded relief
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5m flood
10m flood
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Standard X-band (3m), Colombia, 2006
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Identification of subtle drainage channels “hidden” by tall forest
Inverted image
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X-band MAG
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Identification of subtle drainage channels “hidden” by tall forest
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P-band MAG
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Detecting structures below dense vegetation
Comparing X and P Bands
Airfield and other structures
X-band image
visible in P-band image
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Detecting structures below dense vegetation
Comparing X and P Bands
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P-band3m
5mPosts
Posts
X-band
Fence lines, trails, Power lines, and disturbed soils show up in the P-band
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X- and P-band Radar Images, Papua New Guinea
1.25m X-band ORI
Palm orchards and
trails, irrigation
patters, drainages
exposed in P-band.
Capable of counting
trees in orchards
1.25m P-band ORI
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Colombia, 2006 – Adding Color
Radar colorized
though image
processing of band
combinations
P, X, P
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Colombia, 2006 - Radar bands R = P, G = X, B = P-X
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Turning Spatial Data Into Knowledge
Thank you!
Contact:
Bill Sharp
GeoSAR Regional Director
bsharp@earthdata.com
Tel: (301) 948 - 8550
Cell: (240) 215 - 7996
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