.
Statistical Appendix
T
HE SUMMARY STATISTICAL TABLES
are divided into six sections (see index of
tables overleaf for full details):
•
•
•
•
•
Summary tables. These tables provide a snapshot of recent history and the outlook for the
global economy and each of the six developing
country regions (for the full World Bank classification of countries by region and income
level, see table A.51).
Key macro variables. These provide detail on
growth and inflation indicators by region and
(historically) for selected economies. Although
detailed country forecasts form the basis for
the regional growth and inflation projections,
detailed developing country forecasts are not
shown separately.
Current account tables. These tables combine
data from the IMF’s balance of payments statistics, with aid-related data from the OECD’s
Development Assistance Committee publications, and our own preferred measure of
workers’ remittances.
Capital account tables. New external financing tables have been developed. They combine
the IMF’s current account, foreign exchange
reserve and net inward foreign direct investment data with the World Bank’s portfolio
equity and debtor reporting system (DRS)
data to produce an overall tabulation of how
regions finance themselves externally.
External liabilities and assets. These provide a
summary of the DRS debt data that is provided
on a country-by-country basis in volume 2.
•
Key debt ratios and country classifications.
These tables provide a summary of indicators
typically used by country risk analysts to
monitor and classify countries. The World
Bank’s own debt classifications are defined
and tabulated. The precise method used to
categorize countries as severely, moderately or
less indebted is shown by a box in table A.50.
The two key ingredients used are the present value of future debt-service streams to
(i) gross national income and (ii) to exports
of goods and services. These variables are
averaged over the three years, 2001–2003.
The use of critical values to define the boundaries between indebtedness categories implies that
changes in country classifications should be interpreted with caution. If a country has an indicator
that is close to the critical value, a small change in
the indicator may trigger a change in indebtedness
classification even if economic fundamentals have
not changed significantly. Moreover, these indicators do not represent an exhaustive set of useful
indicators of external debt. They may not, for
example, adequately capture the debt servicing
capacity of countries in which government budget
constraints are key to debt service difficulties.
Moreover, rising external debt may not necessarily
imply payment difficulties, especially if there is a
commensurate increase in the country’s debt servicing capacity. Thus, these indicators should be used
in the broader context of a country-specific analysis
of debt sustainability.
115
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Contents
Summary tables
A.1:
A.2:
A.3:
A.4:
A.5:
A.6:
A.7:
Global outlook in summary, 2003–2007
East Asia and Pacific outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Europe and Central Asia outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Latin America and the Caribbean outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Middle East and North Africa outlook in summary, 1981–2005
South Asia outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Sub-Saharan Africa outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Page
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Key macro variables
A.8:
A.9:
A.10:
A.11:
A.12:
Global real GDP growth, 1981–2005
Global inflation, 1991–2004
Commodity prices, 1980–2005
Commodity price indexes, 1980–2005
Global nominal GDP growth, 1981–2005
125
126
127
128
129
Current account
A.13:
A.14:
A.15:
A.16:
A.17:
A.18:
A.19:
A.20:
Global goods export growth, 1981–2005
Global goods import growth, 1981–2005
Global goods trade balances, 1997–2005
Global trade prices and volumes, 1981–2005
Global current account balances, 1999–2005
Global current account balances, 1981–2005
Workers’ remittances received by developing countries, 1996–2004
Net official development assistance from DAC countries, 1996–2003
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Capital account
A.21:
A.22:
A.23:
A.24:
A.25:
A.26:
A.27:
A.28:
A.29:
A.30:
A.31:
A.32:
A.33:
A.34:
A.35:
A.36:
A.37:
A.38:
A.39:
A.40:
116
External financing: all developing countries, 1998–2004
External financing: East Asia and Pacific, 1998–2004
External financing: Europe and Central Asia, 1998–2004
External financing: Latin America and the Caribbean, 1998–2004
External financing: Middle East and North Africa, 1998–2004
External financing: South Asia, 1998–2004
External financing: Sub-Saharan Africa, 1998–2004
Net inward foreign direct investment, 1996–2004
Net inward portfolio equity flows, 1996–2004
Net inward debt flows to developing countries, 1996–2004
Net inward short-term debt flows to developing countries, 1996–2004
Net inward debt flows to public sector and publicly guaranteed borrowers, 1996–2004
Net inward debt flows to private sector borrowers, 1996–2004
Net inward debt flows from public sector creditors, 1996–2004
Net inward debt flows from private sector creditors, 1996–2004
Gross market-based capital flows to developing countries, 1996–2004
Gross international equity issuance by developing countries, 1996–2004
Gross international bond issues in developing countries, 1996–2004
Gross international bank lending to developing country borrower, 1996–2004
Change in foreign exchange reserves, 1996–2004
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
External liabilities and assets
A.41:
A.42:
A.43:
A.44:
A.45:
A.46:
A.47:
A.48:
Total external debt of developing countries, 1996–2004
Total external medium- and long-term debt of developing countries, 1996–2004
Total external short-term debt of developing countries, 1996–2004
Total external debt of developing countries owed by public and
publicly guaranteed borrowers, 1996–2004
Total external debt of developing countries owed by private sector borrowers, 1996–2004
Total external debt of developing countries owed to public sector creditors, 1996–2004
Total external debt of developing countries owed to private sector creditors, 1996–2004
Gross foreign exchange reserves of developing countries, 1996–2004
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
Key debt ratios and country classifications
A.49:
A.50:
A.51:
Key external debt ratios for developing countries
Classification of countries by levels of external indebtedness
Classification of countries by region and level of income
166
169
170
117
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.1 Global outlook in summary, 2003–2007
% change from previous year, except interest rates and oil price
GEP 2005 forecasts
2007f
2004
2005
7.7
8.0
10.2
8.4
1.6
2.0
1.6
3.5
1.6
3.2
1.7
2.7
1.4
2.2
17.5
37.7
30.6
7.0
4.7
42.0
11.3
3.0
5.2
36.0
14.3
2.8
5.4
33.0
8.3
1.9
17.0
39.0
35.0
5.2
3.1
36.0
7.7
0.8
1.2
2.3
1.6
2.1
3.5
2.1
4.6
2.8
5.0
3.2
1.6
2.1
3.5
2.4
Real GDP growthd
World
Memo item: World (PPP weights)e
High income
OECD Countriesf
Euro Area
Japan
United States
Non-OECD countries
Developing countries
East Asia and Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Middle East and N. Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
2.5
3.9
1.9
1.8
0.5
1.4
3.0
3.2
5.3
8.0
5.9
1.7
5.8
7.8
3.4
3.8
5.0
3.2
3.1
1.8
2.6
4.4
6.2
6.6
8.3
6.8
5.7
5.1
6.6
3.8
3.1
4.3
2.4
2.4
1.3
0.8
3.9
4.4
5.7
7.4
5.5
4.3
4.9
6.2
4.1
3.1
4.2
2.6
2.5
2.1
1.9
3.0
4.5
5.2
6.9
4.9
3.7
4.3
6.4
4.0
3.2
4.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
1.9
2.6
4.1
5.4
7.2
5.0
3.7
4.3
6.7
4.1
4.0
4.9
3.5
3.5
1.8
4.3
4.3
5.9
6.1
7.8
7.0
4.7
4.7
6.0
3.2
3.2
4.2
2.7
2.6
2.1
1.8
3.2
4.6
5.4
7.1
5.6
3.7
4.7
6.3
3.6
Memorandum items
Developing countries
Excluding transition countries
Excluding China and India
5.2
3.9
6.7
5.8
5.7
4.8
5.3
4.4
5.5
4.4
5.9
5.4
5.4
4.6
Global Conditions
World Trade Volume
Consumer Prices
G-7 Countriesa,b
United States
Commodity Prices ($ terms)
Non-oil commodities
Oil Price (OPEC average)
Oil price (percent change)
Manufactures unit export valuec
Interest Rates
$, 6-month (%)
€, 6-month (%)
2003
2004e
2005f
5.6
10.3
7.7
1.6
2.3
1.8
2.7
10.2
28.9
15.9
7.5
2006f
Note: PPP purchasing power parity; e estimate; f forecast; GEP 2005 Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries,
World Bank, January 2005.
a. Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the United States.
b. In local currency, aggregated using 1995 GDP Weights.
c. Unit value index of manufactured exports from major economies, expressed in $.
d. GDP in 1995 constant $; 1995 prices and market exchange rates.
e. GDP mesaured at 1995 PPP weights.
f. Now excludes the Republic of Korea, which has been reclassified as high-income OECD.
118
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.2 East Asia and Pacific outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Real economy
(% change, unless stated)
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
Forecast
2004
2005
Real GDP growth
Private consumption per capita
GDP per capita
Population
Gross domestic investment/GDPa
7.3
5.1
5.6
1.6
26.8
7.7
5.5
6.4
1.2
31.9
5.6
4.9
4.4
1.2
30.1
7.2
5.4
5.9
1.3
31.1
5.6
3.6
4.6
0.9
32.1
6.9
4.4
6.0
0.9
34.0
8.0
4.9
7.0
0.9
37.4
8.3
6.0
7.4
0.9
40.9
7.4
6.3
6.5
0.8
42.8
Inflationb
Central Government Budget Balance/GDP
5.5
1.3
5.6
1.2
2.9
2.7
4.1
3.1
2.0
3.1
3.9
3.3
3.6
2.8
5.3
2.4
2.2
2.4
Export market growthc
Export volumed
Terms of Trade/GDPe
Current Account/GDP
Workers remittances ($, billions)
6.9
8.4
0.2
0.3
2.4
8.2
12.0
0.1
0.4
8.5
7.2
4.2
0.6
4.1
11.4
14.1
22.8
0.3
3.4
11.2
1.8
2.4
0.3
2.4
12.9
4.3
14.8
0.5
3.4
16.5
8.2
21.2
0.2
3.7
19.7
12.1
23.1
0.9
3.1
20.3
8.3
14.9
0.8
2.5
—
5.7
4.6
3.2
5.9
2.4
4.6
5.4
6.0
5.4
Memorandum items
GDP growth: East Asia excluding China
External Financing and debt
($ billions, unless stated)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
Net inward fixed direct investment (FDI)
Net inward portfolio equity flows
Net inward debt flows
From public sources
From private sources
58.6
9.7
52.2
3.6
48.6
62.1
3.9
44.9
17.3
27.6
57.7
3.4
32.5
14.7
47.1
49.9
2.3
12.2
12.6
24.7
44.2
4.8
16.2
7.0
23.2
48.2
1.4
9.1
3.2
12.3
55.6
4.0
13.2
7.9
5.3
59.6
11.8
1.7
7.5
9.3
63.6
13.6
17.2
9.2
26.4
Gross market-based capital flows
69.2
73.1
31.6
32.4
49.7
21.8
44.5
53.1
60.0
Total external debt
Medium- and long-term
Short-term
Owed by public-sector borrowers
Owed by private-sector borrowers
Owed to public-sector creditors
Owed by private-sector creditors
494.0
365.3
128.7
256.8
237.2
153.7
340.3
526.3
394.3
132.1
272.0
254.4
152.5
373.8
533.2
447.3
85.9
288.6
244.6
179.1
354.1
538.6
464.9
73.8
307.5
231.1
200.3
338.3
500.7
437.5
63.2
288.1
212.6
188.2
312.5
502.0
411.2
90.8
277.8
224.2
180.6
321.4
498.2
399.3
99.0
277.7
220.6
183.4
314.8
525.5
400.1
125.5
279.6
246.0
190.8
334.8
536.5
391.1
145.4
272.6
263.9
179.4
357.2
Gross foreign exchange reserves
199.7
212.5
233.2
262.5
272.6
320.3
408.2
544.8
775.1
Note: — not available; e estimate; f forecast.
a. Fixed investment, measured in real terms.
b. Local currency GDP deflator, median.
c. Weighted average growth of import demand in export markets.
d. Goods and non-factor services.
e. Change in terms of trade, measured as a percentage of GDP.
119
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.3 Europe and Central Asia outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Real economy
(% change, unless stated)
1981–90
Estimate
Forecast
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Real GDP growth
Private consumption per capita
GDP per capita
Population
Gross domestic investment/GDPa
1.8
0.6
0.9
0.9
40.6
1.4
0.3
1.6
0.2
23.9
3.0
0.2
2.8
0.2
20.9
6.7
4.4
6.2
0.5
21.5
2.4
3.4
2.4
0.0
20.6
4.6
5.7
4.6
0.0
20.3
5.9
6.7
5.9
0.0
21.0
6.8
7.0
6.8
0.0
22.2
5.5
6.3
5.4
0.0
22.7
Inflationb
Central Government Budget Balance/GDP
1.1
0.5
52.5
4.4
6.0
4.2
7.6
2.5
6.5
3.5
4.2
3.7
5.4
3.1
6.8
2.1
6.2
2.5
Export market growthc
Export volumed
Terms of Trade/GDPe
Current Account/GDP
Workers remittances ($, billions)
3.9
3.1
0.3
0.3
2.1
5.4
1.3
0.7
1.1
8.0
0.5
4.0
0.5
0.1
10.7
11.4
15.9
2.5
1.8
11.0
4.9
6.3
0.6
2.0
11.4
5.9
7.9
0.7
0.5
11.5
8.5
12.0
0.4
0.0
12.9
10.5
15.3
0.7
0.6
12.9
6.7
9.4
0.6
0.1
—
1.4
0.4
2.0
2.2
1.0
4.2
4.7
4.0
5.4
6.6
3.7
9.2
4.4
2.8
5.8
4.0
2.9
5.0
6.0
4.0
7.6
6.5
5.0
7.7
5.5
4.5
6.2
Memorandum items
GDP growth: Transition countries
Central and Eastern Europe
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
External Financing and debt
($ billions, unless stated)
1996
1997
1998
1999
Net inward FDI
Net inward portfolio equity flows
Net inward debt flows
From public sources
From private sources
16.4
4.3
24.1
8.6
15.4
22.6
4.0
35.3
6.6
28.7
26.1
4.0
43.0
7.5
35.5
28.4
2.0
18.9
0.6
19.5
29.2
1.3
19.9
0.0
19.9
Gross market-based capital flows
25.7
46.0
42.9
30.1
368.3
315.1
53.2
286.9
81.5
160.0
208.3
391.2
331.7
59.5
288.9
102.3
156.2
235.0
490.3
414.8
75.5
321.2
169.1
172.4
317.9
83.4
90.8
95.9
Total external debt
Medium- and long-term
Short-term
Owed by public-sector borrowers
Owed by private-sector borrowers
Owed to public-sector creditors
Owed by private-sector creditors
Gross foreign exchange reserves
Note: — not available; e estimate; f forecast.
a. Fixed investment, measured in real terms.
b. Local currency GDP deflator, median.
c. Weighted average growth of import demand in export markets.
d. Goods and non-factor services.
e. Change in terms of trade, measured as a percentage of GDP.
120
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
31.4
0.4
2.7
2.2
0.6
35.0
0.1
28.0
2.6
25.4
35.6
0.6
56.9
6.2
63.1
37.6
3.6
56.0
6.2
62.3
45.5
26.0
34.6
58.5
87.0
503.5
423.7
79.7
316.5
186.9
171.4
332.1
510.8
424.1
86.7
305.0
205.8
166.8
344.0
507.8
425.1
82.6
292.6
215.2
159.2
348.6
560.2
472.0
88.2
309.8
250.4
165.4
394.8
676.0
541.2
134.8
334.6
341.4
176.2
499.8
728.5
562.9
165.6
340.3
388.2
169.6
558.9
102.3
120.4
131.5
175.3
236.2
303.8
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.4 Latin America and the Caribbean outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Real economy
(% change, unless stated)
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
Forecast
2004
2005
Real GDP growth
Private consumption per capita
GDP per capita
Population
Gross domestic investment/GDPa
1.1
1.1
0.9
2.0
20.2
3.3
2.3
1.6
1.7
20.0
0.1
1.8
1.5
1.6
19.9
3.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
19.8
0.3
0.9
1.2
1.5
19.1
0.8
3.3
2.3
1.5
17.9
1.7
0.2
0.3
1.4
17.7
5.7
3.2
4.2
1.4
18.6
4.3
2.0
2.9
1.4
19.3
Inflationb
Central Government Budget Balance/GDP
17.3
9.1
11.9
3.3
5.4
3.1
7.6
2.4
5.7
2.8
6.4
3.0
8.4
2.8
4.0
1.4
4.0
1.6
Export market growthc
Export volumed
Terms of Trade/GDPe
Current Account/GDP
Workers remittances ($, billions)
4.5
5.4
0.4
0.3
3.3
9.1
8.7
0.1
2.8
13.0
5.1
7.2
0.2
3.1
17.7
11.7
10.3
1.1
2.4
20.2
1.1
0.6
0.7
2.8
24.2
0.7
1.9
0.1
1.0
28.1
6.9
4.8
0.1
0.5
34.4
10.9
11.9
0.4
1.5
36.9
6.8
6.1
0.2
0.7
—
Memorandum items
GDP growth: Central America
Caribbean
1.0
1.1
4.5
4.1
4.6
5.7
2.9
5.8
1.7
2.8
2.3
3.2
3.4
2.8
3.0
2.2
3.2
3.4
External Financing and debt
($ billions, unless stated)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
Net inward FDI
Net inward portfolio equity flows
Net inward debt flows
From public sources
From private sources
44.2
12.2
40.8
10.7
51.5
66.7
13.3
25.2
8.6
33.8
74.0
2.2
37.3
10.9
26.4
88.2
3.6
12.1
1.6
10.5
78.9
0.6
8.4
11.1
2.8
70.2
2.5
5.4
20.4
15.0
45.7
1.4
8.5
13.0
21.5
36.5
3.4
3.3
4.9
1.6
42.4
1.5
2.5
10.3
12.8
Gross market-based capital flows
75.7
105.4
74.8
67.0
85.5
71.1
44.3
63.3
77.7
Total external debt
Medium- and long-term
Short-term
Owed by public-sector borrowers
Owed by private-sector borrowers
Owed to public-sector creditors
Owed by private-sector creditors
638.5
517.1
121.4
399.9
238.6
164.1
474.3
670.4
542.2
128.2
379.6
290.8
145.9
524.5
752.2
633.2
119.0
413.1
339.1
161.0
591.2
771.8
662.5
109.3
420.1
351.7
163.2
608.6
755.1
647.6
107.5
406.2
348.9
150.1
605.0
749.2
655.7
93.5
417.2
332.0
162.9
586.3
746.2
667.3
78.9
441.5
304.7
183.1
563.1
779.6
696.3
83.3
468.5
311.2
196.9
582.8
773.5
680.0
93.5
484.3
289.1
189.2
584.2
Gross foreign exchange reserves
153.0
166.5
157.3
149.9
152.8
155.7
156.5
189.7
211.5
Note: — not available; e estimate; f forecast.
a. Fixed investment, measured in real terms.
b. Local currency GDP deflator, median.
c. Weighted average growth of import demand in export markets.
d. Goods and non-factor services.
e. Change in terms of trade, measured as a percentage of GDP.
121
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.5 Middle East and North Africa outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Real economy
(% change, unless stated)
Estimate
Forecast
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Real GDP growth
Private consumption per capita
GDP per capita
Population
Gross domestic investment/GDPa
3.6
1.7
1.1
3.1
25.5
3.7
0.2
1.2
2.1
20.5
2.8
0.2
0.4
2.1
21.0
4.0
1.3
2.1
2.2
20.7
4.0
2.3
1.2
1.7
21.2
4.5
1.3
1.3
1.8
21.7
5.2
2.9
3.9
1.9
21.7
5.1
1.6
3.1
1.9
22.3
5.0
1.9
2.9
1.9
22.9
Inflationb
Central Government Budget Balance/GDP
8.4
3.9
6.4
0.9
7.5
0.6
10.7
1.4
1.9
2.4
2.0
3.0
3.6
0.6
4.2
0.0
4.0
0.5
Export market growthc
Export volumed
Terms of Trade/GDPe
Current Account/GDP
Workers remittances ($, billions)
2.9
0.8
0.6
0.3
6.7
6.9
4.8
0.1
0.2
13.3
7.0
0.2
4.5
1.3
12.2
13.2
8.1
4.2
6.7
12.3
1.0
0.9
0.2
4.5
14.4
4.9
2.9
1.1
4.2
14.8
7.9
9.4
1.7
6.1
16.1
10.0
5.9
4.1
9.3
17.0
7.5
4.0
0.1
8.0
—
Memorandum items
GDP growth: Resource poor, labor abundant
Resource rich, labor abundant
Resource rich, labor importing
4.5
2.8
0.6
3.8
3.4
3.5
4.3
1.9
0.3
3.9
4.0
6.2
4.5
3.2
1.4
3.0
6.1
0.5
4.1
6.3
7.2
4.3
6.0
5.2
4.6
5.5
4.8
External Financing and debt
($ billions, unless stated)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
Net inward FDI
Net inward portfolio equity flows
Net inward debt flows
From public sources
From private sources
1.7
0.2
0.7
0.8
1.5
3.2
0.7
3.5
4.0
0.5
3.1
0.2
3.6
1.6
5.2
3.7
0.6
3.0
2.5
0.5
4.3
0.2
4.5
2.8
1.8
5.7
0.1
0.1
1.2
1.3
3.8
0.2
2.1
2.6
4.6
4.8
0.1
0.7
2.5
1.8
4.1
0.2
0.1
2.6
2.6
Gross market-based capital flows
3.2
7.9
4.8
8.7
6.5
10.1
8.8
7.3
15.5
163.2
144.4
18.8
140.3
22.9
107.3
55.9
151.3
132.7
18.6
127.7
23.6
99.6
51.7
160.9
138.9
22.1
131.8
29.1
103.9
57.0
155.8
132.6
23.2
125.6
30.2
98.3
57.5
144.6
123.8
20.8
117.2
27.3
90.7
53.8
142.1
123.8
18.3
117.2
24.9
88.3
53.9
150.2
131.7
18.5
125.2
24.9
91.3
58.8
158.8
138.5
20.3
131.8
27.0
96.2
62.7
155.5
134.9
20.5
127.4
28.1
93.1
62.4
37.6
43.7
42.0
40.8
45.6
55.1
67.1
89.1
101.3
Total external debt
Medium- and long-term
Short-term
Owed by public-sector borrowers
Owed by private-sector borrowers
Owed to public-sector creditors
Owed by private-sector creditors
Gross foreign exchange reserves
Note: — not available; e estimate; f forecast.
a. Fixed investment, measured in real terms.
b. Local currency GDP deflator, median.
c. Weighted average growth of import demand in export markets.
d. Goods and non-factor services.
e. Change in terms of trade, measured as a percentage of GDP.
122
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.6 South Asia outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Real Economy
(% change, unless stated)
Real GDP growth
Private consumption per capita
GDP per capita
Population
Gross domestic investment/GDPa
Inflationb
Central Government Budget Balance/GDP
Export market growthc
Export volumed
Terms of Trade/GDPe
Current Account/GDP
Workers remittances ($, billions)
Memorandum items
GDP growth: South Asia excluding India
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
Forecast
2004
2005
5.6
1.7
3.3
2.2
20.2
5.2
2.3
3.3
1.9
21.6
6.4
3.9
4.5
1.8
22.3
4.2
0.9
2.3
1.9
22.5
4.7
3.1
2.9
1.7
22.3
4.6
2.2
2.9
1.7
23.1
7.8
6.0
6.1
1.6
23.4
6.6
4.3
4.9
1.6
23.7
6.2
3.5
4.6
1.6
24.0
8.9
12.6
8.1
10.3
4.4
12.2
3.9
9.1
3.8
8.5
3.6
9.1
4.7
7.9
4.4
8.3
7.2
8.3
6.3
5.7
0.0
0.3
5.7
7.2
11.1
0.1
1.5
10.9
5.5
12.5
1.2
0.9
15.1
12.5
21.2
0.9
1.0
16.0
0.3
7.3
0.4
0.2
16.0
3.9
18.3
1.2
1.6
22.2
7.9
13.0
0.1
1.6
26.8
10.3
13.3
1.2
0.1
32.7
6.9
12.4
0.8
0.7
—
5.1
4.4
4.2
5.1
3.1
4.5
5.7
5.9
5.8
External Financing and debt
($ billions, unless stated)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
Net inward FDI
Net inward portfolio equity flows
Net inward debt flows
From public sources
From private sources
3.5
4.1
2.7
1.0
1.6
4.9
2.9
0.7
0.3
0.4
3.5
0.6
4.7
2.3
2.4
3.1
2.4
0.5
2.5
2.0
3.3
2.5
3.5
0.5
3.0
4.4
2.8
0.9
2.2
3.1
4.8
1.1
0.4
2.4
2.9
5.2
8.2
4.0
1.8
2.2
6.5
7.5
4.4
1.6
2.8
Gross market-based capital flows
10.3
12.4
4.9
4.1
4.3
3.2
2.5
7.0
17.5
149.6
139.3
10.3
129.9
19.8
104.1
45.5
149.6
141.4
8.2
129.7
19.9
98.9
50.7
157.6
150.5
7.1
139.3
18.3
104.6
53.0
162.0
155.0
7.0
144.6
17.4
113.3
48.7
160.0
154.0
6.1
138.6
21.5
102.7
57.3
156.2
151.3
5.0
137.1
19.1
101.1
55.1
170.2
162.9
7.3
147.0
23.2
106.3
63.9
182.8
175.6
7.2
157.8
25.0
113.8
68.9
184.7
178.2
6.5
158.8
25.9
113.7
71.0
24.8
30.0
32.9
37.9
42.6
52.8
79.8
114.8
141.7
Total external debt
Medium- and long-term
Short-term
Owed by public-sector borrowers
Owed by private-sector borrowers
Owed to public-sector creditors
Owed by private-sector creditors
Gross foreign exchange reserves
Note: — not available; e estimate; f forecast.
a. Fixed investment, measured in real terms.
b. Local currency GDP deflator, median.
c. Weighted average growth of import demand in export markets.
d. Goods and non-factor services.
e. Change in terms of trade, measured as a percentage of GDP.
123
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.7 Sub-Saharan Africa outlook in summary, 1981–2005
Real economy
(% change, unless stated)
Estimate
Forecast
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Real GDP growth
Private consumption per capita
GDP per capita
Population
Gross domestic investment/GDPa
1.6
1.0
1.3
3.0
19.0
2.3
0.4
0.3
2.6
17.1
2.5
0.1
0.1
2.6
17.9
3.6
2.2
0.8
2.7
18.1
3.1
3.8
0.8
2.3
18.1
2.8
5.9
0.7
2.2
19.4
3.4
2.5
1.2
2.1
19.4
3.8
2.8
1.7
2.0
19.9
4.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
20.2
Inflationb
Central Government Budget Balance/GDP
9.6
4.5
9.5
4.6
5.8
3.0
7.5
2.7
6.0
2.4
6.5
2.7
8.2
2.7
4.1
2.9
4.0
3.0
Export market growthc
Export volumed
Terms of Trade/GDPe
Current Account/GDP
Workers remittances ($, billions)
3.2
0.8
1.0
0.3
1.3
7.0
4.9
0.2
1.5
3.3
6.8
2.5
0.9
2.1
4.7
11.1
8.4
2.1
1.2
4.9
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.8
4.9
3.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
5.2
6.9
5.7
1.2
0.8
6.0
9.6
7.3
0.5
0.6
6.1
6.8
8.4
0.1
0.3
—
2.3
1.6
3.3
2.3
3.7
0.9
2.4
3.9
3.4
3.5
2.0
1.9
1.7
8.5
4.2
3.5
4.6
5.1
Memorandum items
GDP growth: Sub-Saharan Africa
excluding South Africa
Oil exporters
External financing and debt
($ billions, unless stated)
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
Net inward FDI
Net inward portfolio equity flows
Net inward debt flows
From public sources
From private sources
4.2
2.4
3.2
2.0
1.2
8.4
5.6
4.4
1.4
3.0
7.0
8.7
1.3
0.5
1.8
9.1
9.0
1.0
0.3
1.3
6.3
4.2
0.5
0.7
1.2
14.9
1.0
1.7
0.3
2.0
9.0
0.4
0.3
2.5
2.8
10.1
0.7
2.7
1.3
1.5
11.3
3.5
3.6
1.4
2.2
Gross market-based capital flows
7.5
9.3
7.9
9.2
13.9
11.9
8.6
13.7
11.1
231.3
188.8
42.6
178.5
52.9
144.0
87.3
220.8
180.0
40.8
171.1
49.7
138.2
82.6
228.6
186.2
42.4
177.9
50.7
145.7
82.9
215.0
174.0
41.0
163.6
51.4
135.2
79.8
211.3
178.2
33.1
166.9
44.5
140.9
70.4
203.2
171.5
31.7
159.1
44.1
134.9
68.3
211.4
182.4
29.0
170.0
41.5
145.1
66.3
231.4
200.3
31.1
184.7
46.7
159.6
71.8
218.4
189.6
28.8
171.5
46.9
151.6
66.8
20.6
28.2
26.7
28.0
34.2
34.5
34.8
39.0
58.4
Total external debt
Medium- and long-term
Short-term
Owed by public-sector borrowers
Owed by private-sector borrowers
Owed to public-sector creditors
Owed by private-sector creditors
Gross foreign exchange reserves
Note: — not available; e estimate; f forecast.
a. Fixed investment, measured in real terms.
b. Local currency GDP deflator, median.
c. Weighted average growth of import demand in export markets.
d. Goods and non-factor services.
e. Change in terms of trade, measured as a percentage of GDP.
124
1998
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.8 Global real GDP growth, 1981–2005
GDP in 1995 prices and exchange rates, average annual growth (%)
Average
GDP 2003
(1995 $)
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
World
35,249
3.1
2.7
3.0
4.0
1.4
1.7
2.5
3.8
3.1
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian newly industrialized economies (NIEs)
28,448
27,556
9,675
5,702
9,562
892
657
3.1
3.1
2.4
4.0
3.2
4.9
7.3
2.6
2.5
2.1
1.4
3.3
5.6
6.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
0.1
4.4
4.5
5.1
3.7
3.5
3.7
2.4
3.7
7.7
7.6
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.2
0.8
0.9
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.0
0.3
1.9
2.4
3.1
1.9
1.8
0.8
1.4
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.1
2.0
2.6
4.4
6.2
6.7
2.4
2.4
1.5
0.8
3.9
4.4
4.4
6,801
5,477
5,641
1,650
1,722
3,429
5,590
2,216
3,374
1,210
2.7
2.2
3.2
1.5
2.8
3.4
2.4
1.1
3.4
4.4
3.2
2.2
4.7
3.3
0.8
4.7
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.2
2.7
0.1
1.9
5.4
2.7
0.9
4.2
4.4
5.3
4.7
5.0
3.4
6.3
5.8
5.5
4.1
6.6
4.4
3.0
2.0
2.7
0.9
1.7
4.7
2.6
0.6
4.2
4.6
3.5
2.4
3.4
0.1
3.6
5.2
3.3
0.4
6.0
4.2
5.3
4.3
5.1
2.8
5.0
6.6
5.0
2.1
6.9
6.7
6.6
6.0
6.7
5.7
6.8
7.0
6.7
5.8
7.3
6.2
5.7
5.0
5.7
4.9
5.3
6.3
5.7
4.5
6.4
5.9
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
2,010
1,324
263
7.3
9.3
6.4
7.7
10.1
4.3
5.6
7.1
0.8
7.2
8.0
5.4
5.6
7.5
3.8
6.9
8.3
4.3
8.0
9.4
4.5
8.3
9.5
5.4
7.4
—
—
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
1,376
506
216
186
1.8
2.0
5.2
0.3
1.4
3.9
3.6
3.7
3.0
6.4
4.7
4.1
6.7
10.0
7.4
4.0
2.4
5.1
7.5
1.0
4.6
4.7
7.9
1.4
5.9
7.3
5.5
3.8
6.8
7.1
8.2
5.4
5.5
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
1,954
807
380
272
1.1
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.3
2.7
3.5
4.5
0.1
0.8
3.7
3.4
3.7
4.4
6.6
0.8
0.3
1.4
0.3
4.4
0.8
1.5
0.7
10.9
1.7
0.2
1.3
8.8
5.7
5.1
4.1
8.6
4.3
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
393
56
134
86
3.6
2.8
2.7
5.5
3.7
1.7
4.0
4.3
2.8
3.2
1.7
6.3
4.0
2.4
5.0
5.1
4.0
2.6
3.4
3.5
4.5
4.1
7.4
3.2
5.2
6.8
6.6
3.2
5.1
5.9
6.5
4.3
5.0
—
—
—
South Asia
India
723
561
5.6
5.8
5.2
5.5
6.4
7.1
4.2
3.9
4.7
5.2
4.6
4.6
7.8
8.4
6.6
6.8
6.2
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
344
190
37
1.6
1.3
1.1
2.3
1.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
1.1
3.6
4.2
4.2
3.1
2.7
3.1
2.8
3.6
1.5
3.4
2.8
10.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.1
—
—
Developing countries
Excluding China
Excl. C.E. Europe/C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
Note: — not available.
125
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.9 Global inflation, 1991–2004
Consumer price indexes; local currency (% change)a
Weights
1995
World
Average
1991–00
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
100.0
3.3
2.0
1.7
2.6
1.5
2.0
1.8
2.6
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
82.4
80.2
29.8
18.3
25.3
2.2
1.7
2.2
2.2
2.6
0.7
2.7
3.9
3.1
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.6
1.6
1.8
0.4
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.1
2.7
0.1
1.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
0.2
3.4
0.8
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.2
1.6
1.0
2.0
1.7
1.8
2.2
0.3
2.4
1.2
0.0
1.3
1.3
1.8
0.4
1.9
0.4
0.4
2.1
2.1
2.2
0.2
3.3
1.3
1.2
Developing countries
Excluding China
Excl. C.E. Europe/C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
17.6
15.1
14.8
4.9
4.7
8.0
14.6
6.8
7.8
3.0
8.6
8.6
8.5
13.4
8.2
7.7
8.2
7.3
8.3
10.2
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.9
4.5
6.4
4.5
4.3
6.0
6.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.8
4.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.3
5.1
5.1
4.9
5.9
4.9
4.3
4.6
4.3
6.1
5.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.8
4.5
3.6
4.1
3.2
4.6
3.8
3.4
3.6
4.1
6.2
3.8
3.0
3.0
1.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
5.2
3.9
3.7
3.6
2.6
4.2
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.3
6.1
5.0
4.0
4.6
5.0
4.0
6.4
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
4.4
2.4
0.7
4.3
7.1
13.4
7.0
1.0
77.7
1.3
1.0
1.9
2.7
1.5
9.3
3.2
0.3
12.6
3.2
0.4
10.0
3.3
3.2
5.1
2.9
2.4
6.4
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
3.4
1.4
0.6
0.4
49.4
—
74.7
24.2
5.3
84.4
69.7
8.4
7.0
36.5
68.8
9.6
6.1
20.2
39.0
8.4
3.6
18.6
68.5
3.6
2.1
15.1
29.7
0.8
3.6
12.0
12.7
1.6
4.6
11.7
9.4
4.2
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
5.8
2.4
1.0
0.9
13.6
180.2
17.5
9.2
7.4
2.4
18.6
0.7
4.9
8.4
12.3
1.8
5.3
5.3
9.0
0.7
4.4
9.4
4.4
1.5
7.0
14.7
5.7
41.0
5.7
10.4
4.0
3.7
5.3
6.1
5.2
6.1
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
1.4
0.5
0.3
0.2
4.0
15.0
24.1
8.6
1.8
3.9
20.2
3.6
2.0
1.2
19.0
3.1
0.6
0.1
12.8
2.3
2.7
7.5
10.6
2.4
1.0
1.5
16.4
3.0
3.6
3.9
15.9
5.8
—
—
—
—
South Asia
India
1.6
1.2
8.6
8.4
12.7
15.3
3.0
0.5
3.5
3.5
2.7
5.2
3.3
3.2
4.9
3.7
7.4
3.8
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
1.0
0.5
0.1
8.5
8.5
29.0
5.6
9.0
11.9
4.5
2.2
0.2
7.0
7.0
14.5
4.7
4.6
16.5
5.0
12.4
12.2
3.9
0.3
23.8
—
3.4
—
Note: — not available.
a. Developing country aggregates computed using median. Industrial aggregates use 1995 $ GDP weights. World total is GDP weighted
average of developing and high-income total. Inflation is calculated on a December/December basis. Where country CPI series ended before
December 2004, estimates were made by extending the index series using the last available y/y change (effectively making the December
inflation reading identical with the latest available one). These were then aggregated.
126
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.10 Commodity prices, 1980–2005
Current $
Unit
Energy
Coal, Australia
Crude oil, average
Natural gas, Europe
1980
1990
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Forecast
2005
$/mt
$/bbl
$/mmbtu
29.4
36.9
3.4
39.7
22.9
2.5
25.9
18.1
2.1
26.3
28.2
3.9
32.3
24.4
4.1
27.1
24.9
3.1
27.8
28.9
3.9
54.7
37.7
4.3
50.0
42.0
5.3
Beverages
Cocoa
Coffee, arabica
Coffee, robusta
¢/kg
¢/kg
¢/kg
260.3
346.6
324.3
126.7
197.2
118.2
113.5
229.1
148.9
90.6
192.0
91.3
106.9
137.3
60.7
177.8
135.7
66.2
175.1
141.5
81.4
155.0
177.4
79.3
162.0
198.4
88.2
Food
Fats and oils
Palm oil
Soybean meal
Soybeans
$/mt
$/mt
$/mt
583.7
262.4
296.2
289.8
200.2
246.8
436.0
152.2
201.7
310.3
189.2
211.8
285.7
181.0
195.8
390.3
175.2
212.7
443.3
210.9
264.0
471.3
241.2
306.5
450.0
200.0
240.0
Grains
Maize
Rice, Thailand, 5%
Wheat, U.S., HRW
$/mt
$/mt
$/mt
125.3
410.7
172.7
109.3
270.9
135.5
90.2
248.4
112.0
88.5
202.4
114.1
89.6
172.8
126.8
99.3
191.9
148.1
105.4
197.6
146.1
111.8
237.7
156.9
100.0
250.0
145.0
Other food
Bananas, U.S.
Sugar, world
$/mt
¢/kg
377.3
63.2
540.9
27.7
373.8
13.8
424.0
18.0
583.2
19.0
528.6
15.2
374.8
15.6
524.6
15.8
460.0
19.0
¢/kg
¢/kg
$/cum
206.2
142.5
536.5
181.9
86.5
814.5
117.1
62.8
507.8
130.2
69.1
664.3
105.8
60.0
517.3
101.9
77.1
452.3
139.9
105.6
525.7
136.6
144.7
640.8
116.8
198.3
110.3
Fertilizers
Triple superphosphate
$/mt
180.3
131.8
154.5
137.7
126.9
133.1
149.3
186.3
185.0
Metals and minerals
Aluminum
Copper
Gold
Nickel
$/mt
$/mt
$/toz
$/mt
1,456.0
2,182.1
607.9
6,518.7
1,639.4
2,661.5
383.5
8,864.1
1,361.1
1,572.9
278.8
6,011.2
1,549.1
1,813.5
279.0
8,637.7
1,443.6
1,578.3
271.0
5,944.7
1,349.9
1,559.5
310.0
6,771.8
1,431.3
1,779.1
363.5
9,629.5
1,715.5
2,865.9
409.2
13,823.2
1,900.0
3,000.0
435.0
14,000.0
78.8
100.0
99.3
97.2
94.3
93.1
100.1
107.1
110.7
Non-energy
Agriculture
Raw materials
Cotton (“A” Index)
Rubber, Malaysia
Sawnwood, Malaysia
Memo:
Deflator Index
(MUV 1990 100)a
Reuters/CRB Commodity
Futures Index (1967 100)
Note: bbl barrel; cum cubic meter; kg kilogram; mmbtu million British thermal units; mt metric ton; n.a. not available;
toz troy oz.
a. Unit value index in $ terms of manufactures exported from the G-5 countries weighted by exports to developing countries.
127
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.11 Commodity price indexes, 1980–2005
Real dollar terms, deflated by $MUV (1990 100)
Weights
Energy
Coal, Australia
Crude oil, average
Natural gas, Europe
1980
1990
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Forecast
2005
29.4
36.9
3.4
39.7
22.9
100.0
25.9
18.1
2.1
66.2
123.4
151.3
81.5
106.4
159.1
68.2
109.0
119.7
70.2
126.3
153.2
137.9
164.9
167.7
134.2
191.9
214.7
125.5
138.1
100.0
100.0
88.0
92.8
86.7
87.5
78.8
79.5
83.0
86.4
91.5
94.7
107.4
104.7
112.5
103.3
Beverages
Cocoa
Coffee, arabica
Coffee, robusta
181.4
260.3
346.6
324.3
100.0
126.7
197.2
118.2
107.7
113.5
229.1
148.9
88.4
71.5
97.3
77.3
72.1
84.4
69.6
51.4
84.6
140.4
68.8
56.0
87.1
138.2
71.8
68.9
94.0
122.4
89.9
67.1
102.4
125.8
127.4
72.9
Food
Fats and oils
Palm oil
Soybean meal
Soybeans
139.3
148.7
583.7
262.4
296.2
100.0
100.0
289.8
200.2
246.8
87.6
105.0
436.0
152.2
201.7
84.5
96.2
107.1
94.5
85.8
86.0
89.0
98.6
90.4
79.4
90.1
101.2
134.7
87.5
86.2
96.4
120.6
153.0
105.4
107.0
110.0
137.1
162.7
120.5
124.2
102.5
118.4
132.0
102.5
105.7
Grains
Maize
Rice, Thailand, 5%
Wheat, U.S., HRW
134.3
125.3
410.7
172.7
100.0
109.3
270.9
135.5
86.4
90.2
248.4
112.0
79.5
81.0
74.7
84.2
78.2
82.0
63.8
93.6
88.1
90.8
70.8
109.3
90.2
96.4
73.0
107.8
100.2
102.3
87.7
115.8
96.5
87.1
106.5
112.4
Other food
Bananas, U.S.
Sugar, world
134.3
377.3
63.2
100.0
540.9
27.7
74.0
373.8
13.8
77.7
78.4
65.2
87.9
107.8
68.8
82.1
97.7
54.9
80.1
69.3
56.5
93.2
97.0
57.1
92.7
135.0
71.0
104.6
206.2
142.5
536.5
100.0
181.9
86.5
814.5
88.5
117.1
62.8
507.8
90.8
71.6
79.9
81.6
76.7
58.2
69.4
63.5
83.1
56.0
89.1
55.5
98.2
76.9
122.1
64.5
105.8
75.1
191.2
78.7
104.9
62.8
264.8
81.2
128.9
180.3
100.0
131.8
114.1
154.5
105.8
104.5
98.8
96.2
100.5
100.9
106.2
113.3
126.6
141.3
126.9
153.2
94.2
1,456.0
2,182.1
607.9
6,518.7
100.0
1,639.4
2,661.5
383.5
8,864.1
73.7
1,361.1
1,572.9
278.8
6,011.2
83.0
94.5
68.1
72.8
97.4
75.1
88.1
59.3
70.7
67.1
72.8
82.3
58.6
80.8
76.4
82.0
87.3
66.8
94.8
108.6
112.4
104.6
107.7
106.7
155.9
133.8
113.4
120.7
110.5
168.4
78.8
100.0
99.3
97.2
94.3
93.1
100.1
107.1
110.7
Non-energy
Agriculture
Raw materials
Cotton (“A” Index)
Rubber, Malaysia
Sawnwood, Malaysia
Fertilizers
Triple superphosphate
Metals and minerals
Aluminum
Copper
Gold
Nickel
Memo:
Deflator Index
(MUV 1990 100)a
Reuters/CRB Commodity
Futures Index (1967 100)
Note: a unit value index in dollar terms of manufactures exported from the G-7 countries, weighted by exports to developing countries.
128
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.12 Global nominal GDP growth, 1981–2005
% change from a year earlier
Average
1981–90
World
1991–2000
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
9.7
6.7
4.8
4.4
6.1
3.6
3.5
4.3
5.4
4.7
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
8.5
8.0
8.8
6.2
7.6
25.5
12.2
4.6
4.5
5.0
1.5
5.4
9.6
8.5
3.6
3.6
5.5
1.2
5.3
1.9
1.9
3.4
3.4
3.4
1.4
6.0
4.3
1.6
4.8
4.7
5.1
0.8
5.9
8.5
5.6
2.5
2.6
4.1
1.1
3.2
1.7
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.5
1.6
3.5
1.9
1.6
3.0
3.0
2.9
0.1
4.9
1.7
0.1
4.4
4.4
3.8
1.4
6.6
6.6
5.7
3.7
3.6
3.3
0.3
6.2
6.7
5.8
Developing countries
Excluding China
Excl. C.E. Europe/C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
15.3
15.3
16.6
19.0
15.4
14.1
14.4
14.0
14.6
16.0
16.7
16.7
14.4
15.7
19.0
15.5
17.2
17.4
16.8
16.9
10.5
10.8
9.5
8.1
12.1
10.8
9.8
9.9
9.8
12.0
9.2
9.4
9.2
8.2
8.0
10.9
8.5
6.5
9.1
12.4
12.0
12.1
11.8
12.3
12.6
11.5
12.0
11.0
12.1
11.6
8.8
8.9
8.5
8.8
9.2
9.2
8.4
7.7
9.9
9.8
8.5
8.6
8.1
8.4
8.9
8.2
8.7
8.1
9.4
8.3
10.5
10.5
10.7
10.3
11.2
10.5
9.8
9.0
10.4
13.2
10.2
10.2
9.2
10.5
10.2
9.8
9.5
9.0
10.2
10.4
9.4
9.4
9.0
9.7
8.8
9.5
9.0
8.4
9.4
11.5
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
12.2
15.2
15.7
12.1
17.0
19.6
6.2
5.2
52.3
8.9
4.8
15.1
10.9
9.0
14.4
7.7
8.8
21.2
8.1
8.1
12.7
9.1
11.5
10.0
12.5
12.9
11.3
11.5
—
—
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
11.2
40.0
54.0
71.8
48.4
99.6
77.9
29.2
14.6
12.3
81.2
16.8
10.9
83.5
47.9
10.9
12.1
51.5
61.8
11.0
12.7
22.4
42.9
4.9
12.0
21.1
55.7
2.7
10.5
22.6
31.7
3.2
13.3
18.3
19.4
8.3
11.7
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
25.1
337.4
66.7
431.4
17.3
214.7
22.2
15.2
12.2
5.0
21.0
2.1
6.6
6.5
19.5
5.2
11.1
13.1
19.4
0.2
7.6
8.9
5.1
5.5
8.3
12.3
5.9
16.3
12.2
15.6
10.5
20.3
8.0
12.6
8.0
17.4
7.7
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
13.0
13.1
18.6
19.3
13.3
21.9
31.1
13.4
8.0
0.7
9.8
8.1
9.4
13.9
18.2
8.6
12.1
27.0
42.2
12.1
5.7
5.3
23.9
6.8
5.2
5.2
32.5
7.1
7.1
15.6
24.1
7.1
8.5
11.2
14.1
8.5
9.2
—
—
—
South Asia
India
14.7
14.7
13.1
13.9
10.8
14.4
9.8
11.2
7.9
7.9
8.8
9.2
8.2
8.2
10.4
14.3
10.2
10.2
12.8
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
17.1
16.5
17.9
15.5
12.3
32.3
11.4
8.3
3.8
9.6
9.6
13.5
13.0
13.3
33.3
10.6
10.6
24.8
9.1
14.2
5.5
13.2
7.4
34.0
10.2
9.8
13.2
9.5
—
—
Note: — not available. Developing counties aggregated using median growth rates. Industrial aggregates use 1995 $ GDP weights. World
total is GDP weighted average of developing and high-income total.
129
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.13 Global goods export growth, 1981–2005
BOP goods exports (current $); average annual growth (%)
Exports 2002
($ bn.)
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
World
6,025
6.1
6.5
3.2
12.4
3.8
4.4
15.6
20.6
12.1
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
4,480
3,916
2,185
395
697
564
468
6.8
7.3
7.5
8.3
5.7
3.4
5.0
5.6
5.4
4.3
5.0
7.2
7.4
7.2
2.4
2.1
0.7
7.4
2.4
4.2
4.0
9.6
7.9
2.8
14.0
12.5
22.0
19.0
4.7
3.9
0.5
16.2
6.8
9.7
9.8
2.9
2.8
5.8
2.8
4.7
4.1
6.1
14.2
14.2
18.0
13.5
4.2
13.8
12.4
17.8
17.4
17.1
19.8
12.3
21.3
19.5
11.8
12.1
12.7
8.8
9.7
9.5
10.3
Developing countries
Excluding China
Excl. C.E. Europe/C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
1,545
1,219
1,225
207
502
836
1,360
569
790
185
3.4
2.9
4.3
1.5
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.8
4.0
1.2
10.0
9.0
10.4
6.3
9.9
11.5
10.4
10.4
10.4
7.9
6.3
6.3
7.9
0.6
7.1
7.9
6.2
6.7
5.7
7.2
22.4
21.3
22.0
20.5
23.0
22.6
22.1
19.5
24.3
24.5
1.1
2.8
2.7
1.8
5.9
2.3
0.7
1.7
0.0
4.0
9.0
5.9
8.7
2.7
5.8
12.7
9.4
4.9
12.9
6.2
19.9
16.0
19.9
14.8
16.4
23.3
20.1
11.6
26.2
18.9
28.0
25.9
28.4
26.1
27.2
29.0
28.8
26.8
30.0
22.5
13.1
9.5
13.5
4.5
10.9
16.3
13.4
8.7
16.3
11.1
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
597
326
57
8.5
11.8
3.3
14.2
17.1
9.2
8.6
6.1
0.4
23.0
27.9
27.6
1.8
6.8
9.3
14.3
22.4
1.5
24.0
34.6
6.8
28.0
34.8
14.4
20.1
—
—
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
360
107
40
47
1.5
—
16.2
—
8.8
10.8
9.0
8.5
0.9
1.5
5.9
7.4
22.4
39.0
6.5
19.4
6.0
3.0
11.9
16.0
10.9
5.3
16.7
12.2
20.4
26.7
24.3
21.7
26.2
34.3
22.6
20.7
11.2
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
352
60
161
26
3.9
4.5
8.5
4.4
10.1
5.8
15.1
7.9
5.7
6.1
16.1
11.8
20.1
14.7
22.0
13.0
4.3
5.7
4.8
0.8
0.9
3.7
1.5
3.1
9.4
21.1
2.6
15.0
30.4
29.8
29.1
16.6
6.6
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
93
18
28
7
3.2
0.5
—
0.2
5.1
5.2
3.9
6.1
28.3
21.5
60.3
18.9
37.3
75.7
34.8
34.8
6.8
11.8
16.0
0.5
7.7
2.4
17.9
1.3
24.4
35.4
42.2
26.3
29.5
32.5
33.5
25.0
4.2
—
—
—
South Asia
India
73
51
7.9
8.2
8.9
9.0
5.5
8.2
16.8
17.0
1.4
3.4
11.4
13.6
26.7
32.0
19.8
20.8
12.0
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
71
31
14
2.1
0.7
6.3
3.1
2.7
3.7
5.7
2.0
43.5
18.6
11.0
51.4
5.5
2.7
17.7
0.4
1.4
12.5
22.3
23.2
31.6
34.0
26.2
58.0
6.5
—
—
Note: — not available.
130
Average
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.14 Global goods import growth, 1981–2005
BOP goods imports (current $); average annual growth (%)
Imports 2002
($ bn.)
Average
1981–90
1991–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
World
6,062
5.8
6.7
4.2
14.0
3.8
3.7
15.6
20.4
11.9
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
4,647
4,125
2,065
301
1,190
522
436
6.5
6.8
6.8
5.5
7.2
4.2
5.0
6.0
5.8
4.2
4.9
9.4
7.2
7.2
5.7
6.1
1.6
11.4
12.5
2.6
2.6
12.5
11.6
5.5
23.0
18.9
19.8
21.7
5.2
4.4
1.8
8.6
6.1
10.8
12.2
2.8
2.6
3.8
4.1
1.9
4.0
3.9
14.3
14.6
18.9
13.5
7.8
11.6
11.6
18.5
18.0
18.5
18.7
16.1
22.6
23.8
11.0
11.2
12.0
12.0
7.0
9.6
10.2
Developing countries
Excluding China
Excl. C.E. Europe/C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
1,416
1,134
1,112
143
433
840
1,246
531
715
170
2.9
2.5
3.7
1.1
4.5
3.4
3.2
1.8
4.2
1.7
9.7
8.7
10.2
7.7
7.7
11.6
10.2
12.5
8.5
6.7
1.2
3.6
1.3
13.4
5.3
5.1
1.0
0.3
1.6
2.7
19.6
17.0
21.4
12.6
18.3
22.1
19.5
16.2
22.5
20.5
1.0
0.4
1.3
1.1
2.0
3.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
0.2
6.8
3.7
5.6
11.7
6.7
10.7
7.1
0.2
13.1
4.7
20.0
15.1
20.1
12.6
16.6
23.1
19.8
9.1
27.7
22.1
26.1
22.9
27.2
31.2
23.5
26.6
25.7
21.1
28.7
29.1
14.5
10.4
15.6
10.8
10.7
16.9
14.3
8.8
17.6
16.2
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
505
281
31
9.1
9.3
6.5
12.2
17.6
4.6
11.0
15.9
12.2
30.3
35.2
38.9
1.3
8.1
7.1
14.3
21.3
1.1
26.9
39.8
4.0
32.5
37.1
42.8
22.6
—
—
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
352
61
47
54
1.7
—
11.6
2.5
7.9
4.2
8.9
14.7
10.4
31.8
12.7
0.4
15.9
13.5
35.0
6.8
3.9
19.8
27.7
2.3
12.9
13.4
24.4
9.5
22.1
25.3
37.6
18.5
23.9
24.2
33.6
19.7
10.2
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
329
47
169
8
1.3
1.0
7.0
8.8
12.9
10.4
15.4
20.4
4.0
14.6
13.2
18.4
16.2
13.3
22.9
0.9
2.2
0.5
3.5
19.8
6.7
15.0
0.2
55.8
4.6
2.2
1.1
54.8
18.4
28.0
11.9
65.6
6.0
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
82
10
22
13
2.7
0.9
5.3
4.2
2.4
0.6
1.9
4.1
0.4
3.8
6.0
3.7
6.9
4.3
13.2
1.4
5.8
1.5
22.9
9.2
7.3
13.8
20.2
7.7
20.3
30.3
37.1
2.4
16.1
16.0
15.0
16.0
6.4
—
—
—
South Asia
India
87
63
4.7
5.3
8.5
9.8
2.3
1.6
23.0
30.4
3.9
3.5
6.5
9.4
25.9
27.3
31.0
31.9
17.2
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
60
27
8
2.4
0.9
10.4
4.1
4.7
5.9
7.5
9.9
6.8
3.7
11.1
1.6
4.5
5.3
32.8
1.8
3.8
34.9
26.4
30.6
43.8
26.5
36.1
17.7
8.6
—
—
Note: — not available.
131
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.15 Global goods trade balances, 1997–2005
$ billions
% of GDP
2002
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
0.1
105.4
79.7
42.1
19.9
26.3
23.2
41.2
45.7
50.3
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
0.6
0.8
1.6
2.4
4.7
5.5
6.2
85.3
88.7
158.8
103.1
197.7
3.4
9.0
76.4
61.9
136.0
123.9
248.1
14.5
12.6
56.8
79.1
92.9
123.2
348.3
22.4
18.6
190.2
227.9
40.1
115.3
459.1
37.7
11.5
156.9
197.4
88.4
70.9
436.7
40.5
22.0
148.6
191.1
138.0
94.4
492.7
42.5
32.6
173.7
233.5
142.3
106.8
555.6
59.7
40.1
244.1
308.5
129.6
131.8
673.2
64.4
27.3
227.1
297.2
166.4
130.2
697.8
70.1
30.8
Developing countries
Excluding China
Excl. C.E. Europe/C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
2.6
2.7
3.0
6.0
5.0
1.1
3.2
4.1
3.2
1.2
13.3
26.2
40.3
5.5
17.1
31.7
26.1
19.4
15.3
12.8
14.1
43.3
24.3
3.2
12.8
12.7
7.0
13.3
39.2
21.0
76.5
62.9
96.7
24.7
59.7
14.5
89.8
25.8
85.9
13.3
145.1
135.9
142.0
41.2
90.1
39.0
154.5
65.1
114.8
9.4
108.4
96.5
114.1
39.2
68.8
22.6
122.4
47.9
96.6
14.0
150.4
127.6
156.6
63.6
69.0
39.3
160.1
68.1
114.7
9.6
192.9
170.2
195.5
76.2
79.2
59.5
205.6
92.8
138.1
12.7
275.3
238.5
249.1
87.7
118.8
83.3
291.7
133.0
179.0
16.5
266.5
227.3
227.8
48.5
132.9
66.0
293.6
134.5
180.0
27.1
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
5.1
3.5
12.7
44.4
46.2
11.9
96.7
46.6
21.5
97.8
36.0
24.7
95.9
34.5
28.8
81.0
34.0
25.4
92.3
44.2
25.9
99.8
44.7
28.5
99.2
51.3
23.4
97.3
—
—
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
0.7
13.4
4.0
3.8
35.3
14.9
15.0
9.8
35.0
16.4
14.1
12.8
8.0
36.0
10.2
15.1
6.4
60.2
22.0
12.3
12.7
48.1
3.7
7.7
7.9
46.3
7.3
7.2
4.0
59.6
15.3
7.1
14.7
87.8
26.0
7.9
20.7
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
1.4
2.8
1.3
16.9
14.5
6.8
0.6
2.1
36.5
6.6
7.9
3.1
7.3
1.3
5.6
0.8
3.6
0.8
8.0
2.5
4.2
2.7
10.0
7.4
22.5
13.1
7.9
17.2
40.8
24.8
5.6
16.5
64.8
33.1
7.3
12.8
55.7
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
9.4
4.7
4.9
6.4
34.2
6.5
4.3
8.6
4.4
2.4
1.2
10.2
24.5
4.3
7.6
9.9
69.7
13.2
13.1
8.3
48.7
10.6
5.1
6.9
53.2
8.9
5.6
5.8
77.7
12.6
9.2
4.2
125.1
18.7
17.9
4.1
130.0
—
—
—
South Asia
India
2.3
2.4
16.1
10.0
15.6
10.8
14.3
8.7
21.0
16.3
16.7
12.7
14.6
12.0
17.8
13.0
33.6
24.6
45.3
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
3.8
4.2
13.9
7.4
2.3
5.7
1.9
2.1
0.2
6.1
4.2
4.3
15.8
4.6
10.8
9.1
5.2
4.5
10.5
4.6
6.5
10.4
3.7
7.6
19.6
1.2
16.4
18.8
—
—
World
Note: — not available.
132
1997
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.16 Global trade prices and volumes, 1981–2005
Average annual % change
Average change
1981–90
1991–2000
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
Trade prices
Manufactured goods prices
Developing countries’ export price
Oil price
Non-oil commodity prices
2.4
1.7
4.7
2.2
0.3
1.1
2.1
1.4
3.8
8.2
31.9
15.7
0.3
1.3
38.3
11.2
2.1
4.8
56.2
1.4
2.9
3.5
13.7
9.1
1.3
0.4
2.4
5.3
7.5
5.5
15.9
10.2
7.0
9.2
30.6
17.5
3.3
1.6
11.3
4.7
Terms of trade
World
High income
Developing countries
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
0.2
0.7
2.7
3.7
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.3
3.5
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
0.5
1.9
0.8
0.1
0.9
3.6
4.7
4.4
2.1
3.9
6.6
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.5
0.8
3.0
0.4
2.2
1.7
6.1
1.8
6.8
0.9
2.3
4.3
3.5
8.2
1.6
4.5
6.8
2.4
1.9
0.4
0.1
1.6
1.7
3.5
0.4
1.6
2.5
0.8
1.9
0.5
0.7
0.0
2.6
0.2
0.3
0.6
1.4
0.0
5.6
0.5
0.4
0.9
0.1
1.5
0.3
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.1
3.1
0.4
0.6
0.2
2.7
1.5
3.6
0.5
0.5
0.8
2.4
1.5
0.6
1.0
0.0
1.3
2.3
1.5
1.6
2.8
3.2
0.5
4.1
0.2
2.2
0.1
0.2
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.1
5.0
15.0
5.9
7.0
2.2
1.5
1.3
16.9
8.5
3.4
1.1
6.7
5.5
15.1
6.0
7.6
0.8
1.4
3.0
0.8
2.7
1.9
1.5
1.7
0.4
3.9
7.8
0.7
0.6
1.1
0.5
5.6
0.7
4.0
2.6
1.7
1.7
12.8
7.0
1.6
1.8
1.5
0.7
0.3
4.0
0.3
4.8
5.1
4.2
3.0
4.8
3.5
4.4
2.9
4.6
2.4
6.8
6.9
7.0
6.3
4.7
8.0
6.9
8.9
4.9
8.0
4.2
4.1
4.6
6.1
3.0
5.9
4.4
7.5
2.9
6.6
5.4
5.5
6.5
6.3
6.4
6.9
6.3
5.0
3.7
9.6
12.9
12.1
15.3
14.0
13.2
18.4
15.2
13.6
17.1
16.8
0.4
0.3
3.1
5.1
0.7
4.2
2.9
0.2
4.8
4.9
3.8
2.6
8.4
3.5
5.9
10.9
8.1
1.6
11.6
11.1
5.4
3.1
13.5
9.3
8.4
17.5
13.5
6.9
16.7
13.0
10.4
8.5
16.6
13.2
13.6
18.9
17.1
12.4
19.2
12.0
7.4
6.3
10.6
9.4
8.6
12.3
10.5
8.5
11.8
11.4
8.4
3.1
5.4
0.8
5.7
0.8
12.0
1.3
8.7
4.8
11.1
4.9
3.1
6.0
7.8
1.2
9.1
4.4
4.2
4.0
7.2
0.2
12.5
2.5
22.8
15.9
10.3
8.1
21.2
8.4
2.4
6.3
0.6
0.9
7.3
0.8
14.8
7.9
1.9
2.9
18.3
0.4
21.2
12.0
4.8
9.4
13.0
5.7
23.1
15.3
11.9
5.9
13.3
7.3
14.9
9.4
6.1
4.0
12.4
8.4
East Asia and Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Global export volumes
World
High income
Developing countries
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
East Asia and Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Note: Prices are in $ terms unless otherwise indicated.
133
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.17 Global current account balances, 1999–2005
$ billions
Percent of GDP (2002)
Merchandise
balance
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
World
0.2
0.1
0.4
155.9
214.0
200.8
184.5
150.0
167.2
216.5
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
0.7
0.8
1.3
2.4
4.6
2.4
2.8
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.1
0.6
1.8
3.3
0.5
0.5
1.2
1.5
0.5
0.1
0.2
147.9
175.5
29.4
114.6
296.8
27.6
25.6
257.6
291.6
69.4
119.7
413.4
34.1
20.3
217.7
250.7
15.2
87.8
385.7
32.9
26.0
256.6
290.3
21.3
112.4
473.9
33.7
31.5
263.8
316.1
11.5
136.2
530.7
52.3
44.9
319.9
377.1
19.3
172.2
660.4
57.2
33.5
331.1
391.6
50.6
164.0
691.1
61.5
36.9
Developing countries
excluding China
excl. C.E. Europe /C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
1.9
1.4
1.9
6.1
4.4
0.4
2.1
1.6
2.4
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.6
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
2.3
1.2
0.7
0.8
2.2
0.3
1.8
8.0
29.1
6.9
38.6
43.8
13.1
0.7
61.3
60.5
7.3
43.6
23.0
18.3
21.0
70.8
6.2
35.4
49.0
84.4
8.2
16.9
0.5
2.9
23.3
48.3
8.2
13.7
49.2
62.9
3.2
72.0
36.6
66.7
9.7
44.4
17.9
56.7
17.1
73.9
15.3
112.8
66.9
108.6
20.1
55.7
37.0
100.7
5.4
95.3
12.1
152.7
105.3
128.2
29.4
90.3
33.0
145.0
22.7
122.3
7.6
114.6
70.8
96.0
19.3
86.3
9.0
118.5
7.9
110.6
3.9
5.3
3.5
—
1.2
0.5
—
0.6
0.2
—
60.2
21.1
5.8
53.5
20.5
8.0
39.6
17.4
6.9
61.4
35.4
8.1
74.7
45.9
7.5
71.3
47.3
3.7
65.6
—
—
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
0.7
13.4
4.0
3.8
0.4
2.9
4.3
0.4
0.7
2.1
1.2
0.7
2.5
24.6
1.3
12.5
15.5
46.8
9.8
10.0
17.4
33.8
3.4
5.4
3.8
29.1
1.5
5.0
2.6
35.8
6.8
4.6
9.6
55.4
14.9
4.4
1.7
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
1.4
2.8
1.2
16.9
0.8
1.1
0.8
1.6
1.4
3.4
0.1
6.3
55.5
25.4
14.0
11.9
46.9
24.2
18.2
9.0
53.4
23.2
18.2
3.9
15.8
7.6
14.1
9.1
7.9
4.0
9.2
7.8
28.2
11.1
8.3
3.2
14.2
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
5.2
—
—
6.4
2.4
—
—
3.0
4.8
—
—
4.1
4.2
0.8
6.6
1.6
24.1
8.0
12.6
1.0
17.3
7.6
5.4
0.4
15.6
6.0
4.1
0.6
25.7
9.8
8.0
3.7
41.7
14.9
16.2
3.3
38.3
—
—
—
South Asia
India
2.5
2.4
1.0
1.3
3.1
2.2
5.2
3.2
5.8
4.3
1.2
0.2
10.1
5.8
11.6
8.0
0.7
1.1
6.8
—
3.2
4.4
—
3.1
0.6
—
1.4
3.2
—
9.3
0.5
0.5
3.2
0.3
6.5
5.1
0.1
0.0
3.1
0.6
1.6
4.5
1.5
2.3
2.6
5.6
9.9
1.5
—
—
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
Note: — not available.
134
Services
balance
Income
balance and
net
transfers
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.18 Global current account balances, 1981–2005
% of GDP
Average
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimate
2004
Forecast
2005
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.0
2.3
1.9
3.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
2.5
1.8
1.7
3.4
0.1
0.0
0.6
3.0
2.4
2.9
4.1
0.6
0.7
0.4
2.6
3.2
3.7
4.8
1.0
1.2
0.9
2.5
4.2
4.2
3.6
0.9
1.0
0.2
2.1
3.8
4.3
4.9
1.0
1.2
0.3
2.8
4.5
4.4
5.9
0.9
1.1
0.1
3.2
4.8
6.6
8.4
1.0
1.2
0.2
3.7
5.6
6.6
5.8
1.0
1.2
0.3
3.4
5.5
6.4
5.9
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.5
2.1
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.7
1.3
1.9
1.4
2.5
0.6
1.0
1.2
2.8
0.1
1.8
1.6
2.7
1.3
4.2
0.0
1.0
1.5
4.0
0.8
2.6
0.1
0.6
0.1
2.9
3.9
0.5
0.0
3.1
2.6
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.4
1.7
5.7
0.2
0.8
2.3
3.4
0.9
0.4
0.1
0.1
1.8
4.0
0.3
0.3
2.3
2.4
0.7
1.3
0.9
1.4
1.0
3.5
0.5
1.2
0.9
2.7
1.6
1.8
1.4
2.0
1.7
3.8
1.0
1.9
0.3
3.0
1.1
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.2
4.9
0.8
2.4
1.0
3.3
0.5
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.3
3.9
0.2
1.7
0.3
2.5
0.2
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
1.7
0.2
2.8
0.4
1.6
0.3
4.5
3.3
3.9
4.1
2.1
3.7
3.4
1.9
4.8
2.4
1.5
4.2
3.4
2.8
4.0
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
1.4
2.5
2.3
2.2
Europe and Central Asia
Russian Federation
Turkey
Poland
0.7
—
1.3
1.4
1.1
—
1.1
3.5
2.5
0.1
1.0
4.1
0.1
12.6
0.7
7.6
1.8
18.0
4.9
6.0
2.0
11.0
2.3
2.9
0.5
8.4
0.8
2.6
0.0
8.3
2.8
2.2
0.6
10.7
4.8
1.9
0.1
7.7
4.2
2.1
Latin America and Caribbean
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina, R. B. de
1.8
1.6
0.8
2.2
2.8
2.1
3.7
3.2
4.5
4.3
3.8
4.9
3.1
4.7
2.9
4.2
2.4
4.0
3.1
3.2
2.8
4.6
2.9
1.4
1.0
1.7
2.2
9.0
0.5
0.8
1.5
6.0
1.5
1.9
1.3
2.1
0.7
0.8
1.8
0.6
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
1.0
0.5
0.4
3.4
0.2
0.3
2.0
1.5
3.5
5.7
2.1
3.1
1.3
1.7
7.1
1.8
6.7
15.0
13.1
1.0
4.5
13.8
4.6
0.4
4.2
10.8
3.6
0.7
6.1
14.7
5.9
4.5
9.3
18.7
10.9
4.6
8.0
15.2
9.0
4.2
South Asia
India
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.2
1.8
1.7
0.9
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.2
0.0
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.3
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.7
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Nigeria
2.2
0.4
0.7
1.5
0.2
0.5
5.0
1.6
13.2
2.1
0.4
1.5
1.2
0.2
15.4
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.6
3.4
0.8
0.9
4.0
0.6
2.6
16.4
0.3
1.8
15.2
1981–90
1991–2000
World
0.7
High income
Industrial countries
European Union (15)
Japan
United States
Other high income
Asian NIEs
Developing countries
excluding China
excl. C.E. Europe /C.I.S.
Severely indebted
Moderately indebted
Less indebted
Middle-income countries
Upper middle-income countries
Lower middle-income countries
Low-income countries
Note: — not available.
135
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.19 Workers’ remittances received by developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
61.2
70.9
68.0
71.9
75.6
83.8
98.2
115.9
125.8
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
10.3
1.7
0.8
0.9
4.9
1.8
15.2
4.6
0.7
1.1
6.8
1.7
9.1
0.3
1.0
0.9
5.1
1.4
11.4
0.5
1.1
1.0
6.9
1.5
11.2
0.8
1.2
1.0
6.2
1.7
12.9
1.2
1.0
0.8
6.2
1.3
16.5
2.4
1.3
1.0
7.4
1.4
19.7
4.6
1.3
1.0
7.9
1.6
20.3
4.6
1.3
1.0
8.1
1.6
Europe and Central Asia
Albania
Croatia
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
9.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
2.8
3.5
9.7
0.3
0.6
0.8
2.3
4.2
12.8
0.5
0.6
1.1
1.9
5.4
10.7
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.3
4.5
11.0
0.6
0.6
0.8
1.3
4.6
11.4
0.7
0.7
1.1
1.4
2.8
11.5
0.7
0.9
1.4
1.4
1.9
12.9
0.9
1.1
2.3
1.5
0.7
12.9
0.9
1.1
2.3
1.5
0.7
Latin America and the Caribbean
Brazil
Colombia
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Mexico
13.6
2.5
0.8
1.0
1.1
5.0
14.5
2.0
0.8
1.1
1.2
5.5
15.9
1.6
0.8
1.4
1.3
6.5
17.7
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.4
6.6
20.2
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
7.6
24.2
1.8
2.1
2.0
1.9
9.9
28.1
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.0
11.0
34.4
2.8
3.1
2.3
2.1
14.6
36.9
2.8
3.1
2.3
2.5
17.0
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Jordon
Lebanon
Morocco
12.4
3.1
1.7
1.2
2.2
12.7
3.7
1.8
1.2
1.9
12.5
3.4
1.6
1.2
2.0
12.2
3.2
1.8
1.4
1.9
12.3
2.9
1.8
1.6
2.2
14.4
2.9
2.0
2.3
3.3
14.8
2.9
2.1
2.5
2.9
16.1
3.0
2.2
2.7
3.6
17.0
3.0
2.2
2.7
3.6
South Asia
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
12.3
1.3
8.8
1.3
0.9
14.6
1.5
10.3
1.7
0.9
13.4
1.6
9.5
1.2
1.0
15.1
1.8
11.1
1.0
1.1
16.0
2.0
11.7
1.1
1.2
16.0
2.1
11.1
1.5
1.2
22.2
2.9
13.8
3.6
1.3
26.8
3.2
17.4
4.0
1.3
32.7
3.4
23.0
4.1
1.3
3.2
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.2
4.4
0.4
1.9
0.2
0.4
4.3
0.3
1.5
0.1
0.7
4.7
0.3
1.6
0.2
0.7
4.9
0.3
1.7
0.2
0.6
4.9
0.2
1.3
0.3
0.7
5.2
0.2
1.4
0.3
1.0
6.0
0.2
1.7
0.3
1.2
6.1
0.2
1.8
0.3
1.2
All developing countries
Sub-Saharan Africa
Lesotho
Nigeria
Senegal
Sudan
Note: e estimate.
136
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.20 Net official development assistance from DAC countries, 1996–2003
$ billions
Total ODA
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
55.6
1.1
0.6
0.9
1.8
1.8
0.4
7.5
7.6
0.2
0.2
2.4
9.4
0.1
3.2
0.1
1.3
0.2
1.3
2.0
1.0
3.2
9.4
48.5
1.1
0.5
0.8
2.0
1.6
0.4
6.3
5.9
0.2
0.2
1.3
9.4
0.1
2.9
0.2
1.3
0.3
1.2
1.7
0.9
3.4
6.9
52.1
1.0
0.5
0.9
1.7
1.7
0.4
5.7
5.6
0.2
0.2
2.3
10.6
0.1
3.0
0.1
1.3
0.3
1.4
1.6
0.9
3.9
8.8
56.4
1.0
0.5
0.8
1.7
1.7
0.4
5.6
5.5
0.2
0.2
1.8
15.3
0.1
3.1
0.1
1.4
0.3
1.4
1.6
1.0
3.4
9.1
53.7
1.0
0.4
0.8
1.7
1.7
0.4
4.1
5.0
0.2
0.2
1.4
13.5
0.1
3.1
0.1
1.3
0.3
1.2
1.8
0.9
4.5
10.0
52.3
0.9
0.5
0.9
1.5
1.6
0.4
4.2
5.0
0.2
0.3
1.6
9.8
0.1
3.2
0.1
1.3
0.3
1.7
1.7
0.9
4.6
11.4
58.3
1.0
0.5
1.1
2.0
1.6
0.5
5.5
5.3
0.3
0.4
2.3
9.3
0.1
3.3
0.1
1.7
0.3
1.7
2.0
0.9
4.9
13.3
69.0
1.2
0.5
1.9
2.0
1.7
0.6
7.3
6.8
0.4
0.5
2.4
8.9
0.2
4.0
0.2
2.0
0.3
2.0
2.4
1.3
6.3
16.3
137
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.21 External financing: all developing countries, 1998–2004
$ billions
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004e
Current account balance
as % GDP
93.7
1.6
8.0
0.1
43.6
0.8
16.9
0.4
72.0
1.3
112.8
1.8
152.7
2.0
Financed by:
Net equity flows
178.1
195.1
178.6
180.9
159.8
176.6
192.3
171.5
6.6
182.4
12.7
166.2
12.4
174.8
6.0
154.0
5.8
151.8
24.8
165.5
26.8
54.9
15.4
6.2
3.5
8.5
60.0
83.7
34.4
8.7
14.1
11.6
20.5
85.0
39.7
50.4
5.2
64.5
13.9
8.8
2.2
7.3
1.5
21.6
29.8
6.8
1.5
20.1
5.8
7.9
10.7
3.0
0.4
7.4
17.5
5.8
4.3
7.9
27.0
7.5
19.5
0.0
30.5
6.6
11.0
11.0
6.6
23.9
5.2
0.2
14.0
8.6
3.3
0.5
11.2
4.2
6.5
2.8
11.9
1.2
2.4
13.1
71.8
22.9
26.6
2.5
6.3
49.0
25.3
1.4
10.9
13.1
109.0
55.4
63.0
1.8
5.7
53.6
122.9
169.1
169.1
112.6
68.6
57.4
50.4
16.3
33.4
46.8
81.7
171.7
291.9
378.2
26.7
28.5
28.7
27.9
32.2
43.4
47.4
198.6
61.1
68.0
196.6
42.4
71.9
178.1
23.0
75.6
150.4
54.9
83.8
163.1
37.4
98.2
248.4
31.5
115.9
301.3
22.1
125.8
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
Net debt flows
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Balancing item*
Change in reserves ( increase)
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
138
2003
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.22 External financing: East Asia and Pacific, 1998–2004
$ billions
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
Current account balance
as % GDP
59.6
4.5
60.2
4.1
53.5
3.4
39.6
2.4
61.4
3.4
74.7
3.7
71.3
3.1
Financed by:
Net equity flows
54.2
52.3
49.0
49.6
59.7
71.5
77.2
57.7
3.4
49.9
2.3
44.2
4.8
48.2
1.4
55.6
4.0
59.6
11.8
63.6
13.6
32.5
12.2
16.2
9.1
13.2
1.7
17.2
14.7
2.8
7.0
4.8
47.1
3.8
0.7
4.8
0.3
43.3
12.6
2.4
1.9
8.2
24.7
10.9
0.9
12.0
0.2
13.9
7.0
1.8
1.2
3.9
23.2
13.1
0.7
11.3
1.0
10.1
3.2
0.9
2.5
4.8
12.3
13.0
0.4
11.8
1.6
0.7
7.9
1.7
2.7
3.4
5.3
12.6
0.1
10.5
2.2
7.3
7.5
1.5
0.5
5.6
9.3
9.4
2.0
8.4
3.0
18.7
9.2
2.4
1.3
5.5
26.4
6.3
11.9
2.1
3.5
20.1
Balancing item*
60.6
70.9
76.3
32.4
20.0
11.3
64.6
Change in reserves ( increase)
20.7
29.3
10.1
47.7
87.9
136.7
230.3
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.7
7.1
17.1
9.1
27.5
15.1
11.4
25.8
9.5
11.2
37.3
5.4
12.9
54.3
5.6
16.5
80.7
5.0
19.7
103.5
6.4
20.3
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
Net debt flows
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
139
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.23 External financing: Europe and Central Asia, 1998–2004
$ billions
Current account balance
as % GDP
Financed by:
Net equity flows
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
Net debt flows
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Balancing item*
Change in reserves ( increase)
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
25.8
2.5
2.5
0.1
15.5
1.8
17.4
2.0
3.8
0.5
2.6
0.0
9.6
0.6
30.1
30.4
30.4
31.8
34.9
36.2
41.2
26.1
4.0
28.4
2.0
29.2
1.3
31.4
0.4
35.0
0.1
35.6
0.6
37.6
3.6
43.0
18.9
19.9
2.7
28.0
56.9
56.0
7.5
1.5
5.3
0.6
35.5
29.8
16.0
14.7
0.9
5.7
0.6
1.9
3.1
0.7
19.5
17.9
8.2
10.4
0.8
1.6
0.0
2.1
0.7
1.4
19.9
11.6
5.3
7.9
1.6
8.3
2.2
2.1
6.1
6.0
0.6
5.9
1.6
6.6
2.2
5.4
2.6
1.0
4.6
3.0
25.4
20.5
4.0
18.1
1.6
4.9
6.2
0.7
2.0
3.5
63.1
30.9
9.6
23.3
2.0
32.2
6.2
0.6
4.4
2.4
62.3
33.4
30.2
5.0
1.7
28.8
42.2
40.5
47.7
40.8
23.0
29.6
39.2
5.1
6.4
18.2
11.1
43.7
60.9
67.6
5.4
8.2
8.6
7.1
8.6
8.7
9.0
65.6
12.9
12.8
49.9
7.7
10.7
50.4
8.6
11.0
32.4
9.3
11.4
60.4
11.2
11.5
99.3
2.4
12.9
103.4
2.7
12.9
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
140
2003
2004e
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.24 External financing: Latin America and the Caribbean, 1998–2004
$ billions
Current account balance
as % GDP
Financed by:
Net equity flows
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
Net debt flows
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Balancing item*
Change in reserves ( increase)
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
89.5
4.5
55.5
3.1
46.9
2.4
53.4
2.8
15.8
1.0
7.9
0.5
28.2
1.5
71.8
84.5
78.4
72.7
47.2
39.9
40.9
74.0
2.2
88.2
3.6
78.9
0.6
70.2
2.5
45.7
1.4
36.5
3.4
42.4
1.5
37.3
12.1
8.4
5.4
8.5
3.3
2.5
10.9
2.4
2.5
6.0
26.4
54.7
17.3
39.1
1.7
28.3
1.6
2.1
0.9
0.3
10.5
18.8
19.3
1.4
0.9
8.3
11.1
2.0
10.7
2.4
2.8
4.3
5.3
0.2
0.8
1.6
20.4
1.3
15.6
3.5
15.0
1.5
2.8
2.6
1.6
13.6
13.0
0.3
11.9
1.4
21.5
11.5
0.2
9.7
1.6
10.0
4.9
0.4
5.6
0.2
1.6
1.2
12.9
10.8
0.9
2.8
10.3
1.9
4.6
3.8
12.8
9.7
17.7
7.8
0.2
3.1
28.8
48.6
20.2
21.8
22.0
17.9
49.8
9.2
7.4
2.9
2.9
0.8
33.2
21.8
3.2
2.9
2.5
3.2
2.8
3.1
3.2
98.3
14.1
15.9
95.0
4.5
17.7
81.1
8.7
20.2
57.7
23.6
24.2
25.6
15.7
28.1
38.3
7.9
34.4
53.6
7.1
36.9
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
141
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.25 External financing: Middle East and North Africa, 1998–2004
$ billions
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
11.6
3.5
4.2
1.3
24.1
6.7
17.3
4.5
15.6
4.2
25.7
6.1
41.7
9.3
Financed by:
Net equity flows
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
3.4
3.1
0.2
4.4
3.7
0.6
4.5
4.3
0.2
5.6
5.7
0.1
3.6
3.8
0.2
4.9
4.8
0.1
4.3
4.1
0.2
Net debt flows
3.6
3.0
4.5
0.1
2.1
0.7
0.1
1.6
0.2
0.0
1.3
5.2
1.8
1.3
2.0
1.5
3.3
2.5
0.2
0.0
2.7
0.5
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.0
2.8
0.3
0.2
2.3
1.8
0.8
1.2
0.5
0.9
2.5
1.2
0.1
0.1
1.0
1.3
3.8
4.4
0.1
0.4
2.5
2.6
0.3
0.3
2.0
4.6
4.5
5.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
2.5
0.3
0.6
1.6
1.8
0.0
0.7
1.1
0.4
1.8
2.6
0.6
0.4
1.6
2.6
2.4
1.5
0.9
0.0
0.2
Balancing item*
3.0
6.8
19.3
13.5
9.2
7.9
33.7
Change in reserves ( increase)
1.7
1.2
4.8
9.5
12.0
22.0
12.2
3.5
2.7
3.1
2.2
2.4
3.6
4.0
8.5
1.9
12.5
3.9
0.2
12.2
2.8
0.3
12.3
6.9
1.1
14.4
8.2
0.1
14.8
6.7
1.1
16.1
6.8
1.3
17.0
Current account balance
as % GDP
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
2001
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
142
2004e
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.26 External financing: South Asia, 1998–2004
$ billions
Current account balance
as % GDP
Financed by:
Net equity flows
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
Net debt flows
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Balancing item*
Change in reserves ( increase)
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
9.4
1.8
5.2
0.9
5.8
1.0
1.2
0.2
10.1
1.6
11.6
1.6
0.7
0.1
2.9
5.5
5.8
7.2
5.9
13.4
14.0
3.5
0.6
3.1
2.4
3.3
2.5
4.4
2.8
4.8
1.1
5.2
8.2
6.5
7.5
4.7
0.5
3.5
0.9
0.4
4.0
4.4
2.3
0.8
0.4
2.0
2.4
3.7
4.2
0.7
1.1
1.3
2.5
1.0
0.1
1.6
2.0
2.1
1.2
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.3
0.0
3.0
3.9
5.4
2.0
0.5
0.9
2.2
1.5
0.3
0.4
3.1
2.0
0.2
1.4
0.3
1.1
2.4
1.0
0.1
1.4
2.9
0.6
0.5
1.2
0.1
2.3
1.8
0.4
0.1
1.3
2.2
2.2
3.1
0.8
0.1
0.0
1.6
1.1
0.2
0.7
2.8
3.0
3.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
4.8
4.1
1.3
2.7
10.5
14.0
9.2
3.0
5.0
4.7
10.2
27.0
35.0
26.9
2.1
2.3
2.1
3.2
2.5
3.9
4.3
5.3
4.5
13.4
3.5
4.8
15.1
8.8
2.6
16.0
4.1
5.3
16.0
8.7
0.1
22.2
11.2
2.2
26.8
16.7
5.9
32.7
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
143
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.27 External financing: Sub-Saharan Africa, 1998–2004
$ billions
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
16.9
5.0
9.3
2.1
3.2
1.2
5.1
0.8
3.1
0.3
4.5
0.8
2.6
0.6
15.6
18.1
10.5
13.9
8.6
10.8
14.8
7.0
8.7
9.1
9.0
6.3
4.2
14.9
1.0
9.0
0.4
10.1
0.7
11.3
3.5
1.3
1.0
0.5
1.7
0.3
2.7
3.6
0.5
1.3
0.3
0.5
1.8
1.3
0.3
1.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.8
1.3
0.7
1.2
1.7
0.2
0.6
0.7
1.5
0.1
0.9
1.2
0.1
1.0
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.3
1.8
0.1
1.7
2.0
0.1
1.9
1.5
0.3
2.0
2.5
2.2
0.5
0.1
2.8
1.0
2.7
3.0
0.8
1.8
1.3
2.2
0.1
0.9
1.5
2.4
4.6
1.4
0.8
0.9
1.4
1.8
0.0
0.4
2.2
0.7
1.6
2.6
0.3
1.6
Balancing item*
1.1
6.5
7.0
6.8
4.9
4.8
1.6
Change in reserves ( increase)
1.5
1.4
6.1
0.3
0.3
4.2
19.4
10.1
9.9
10.0
10.0
13.6
21.6
24.2
13.8
10.6
4.3
16.8
10.2
4.7
9.3
10.6
4.9
12.0
10.3
4.9
5.8
16.1
5.2
12.3
22.9
6.0
17.1
25.6
6.1
Current account balance
as % GDP
Financed by:
Net equity flows
Net FDI inflows
Net portfolio equity inflows
Net debt flows
Official creditors
World Bank
IMF
Others
Private creditors
Net M-L term debt flows
Bonds
Banks
Others
Net short-term debt flows
Memo items:
Bilateral aid grants
(ex technical cooperation grants)
Net private flows (debt equity)
Net official flows (aid debt)
Workers’ remittances
Note: e estimate.
*Combination of errors and omissions and net acquisition of foreign assets (including FDI) by developing countries.
144
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.28 Net inward foreign direct investment, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
128.6
168.1
171.5
182.4
166.2
174.8
154.0
151.8
165.5
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
58.6
40.2
6.2
5.1
1.5
2.3
2.4
62.1
44.2
4.7
5.1
1.2
3.9
2.2
57.7
43.8
0.4
2.2
2.3
7.3
1.7
49.9
38.8
2.7
3.9
1.7
6.1
1.4
44.2
38.4
4.6
3.8
1.3
3.4
1.3
48.2
44.2
3.3
0.6
1.0
3.9
1.3
55.6
49.3
1.5
3.2
1.8
1.0
1.4
59.6
53.5
0.6
2.5
0.3
2.0
1.5
63.6
56.0
0.5
2.8
0.1
1.7
1.8
East Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
16.4
0.1
1.4
2.4
4.5
2.6
0.7
22.6
0.5
1.3
2.2
4.9
4.9
0.8
26.1
0.5
3.7
2.1
6.4
2.8
0.9
28.4
0.8
6.3
2.0
7.3
3.3
0.8
29.2
1.0
5.0
1.7
9.3
2.7
1.0
31.4
0.8
5.6
2.6
5.7
2.5
3.3
35.0
0.9
8.5
2.9
4.1
3.5
1.0
35.6
1.4
2.5
2.5
4.1
8.0
1.6
37.6
1.6
3.8
2.9
4.7
7.8
2.4
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
44.2
7.0
11.2
4.8
9.2
2.2
66.7
9.2
19.7
5.3
12.8
6.2
74.0
7.3
31.9
4.6
12.4
5.0
88.2
24.0
28.6
8.8
13.2
2.9
78.9
10.4
32.8
4.9
16.6
4.7
70.2
2.2
22.5
4.2
26.8
3.7
45.7
1.1
16.6
1.9
14.8
0.8
36.5
1.0
10.1
3.0
10.8
2.5
42.4
0.6
15.3
5.6
14.1
0.7
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Morocco
Tunisia
1.7
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.2
3.2
0.3
0.9
1.2
0.3
3.1
0.5
1.1
0.4
0.7
3.7
0.5
1.1
1.4
0.4
4.3
0.4
1.2
0.4
0.8
5.7
1.2
0.5
2.8
0.5
3.8
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.8
4.8
0.6
0.2
2.3
0.5
4.1
0.9
0.6
1.6
0.4
South Asia
India
Pakistan
3.5
2.4
0.9
4.9
3.6
0.7
3.5
2.6
0.5
3.1
2.2
0.5
3.3
2.5
0.3
4.4
3.8
0.4
4.8
3.7
0.8
5.2
4.3
0.5
6.5
5.3
0.9
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Nigeria
South Africa
4.2
0.2
1.6
0.8
8.4
0.4
1.5
3.8
7.0
1.1
1.1
0.6
9.1
2.5
1.0
1.5
6.3
0.9
0.9
1.0
14.9
2.2
1.1
7.3
9.0
1.7
1.3
0.7
10.1
1.4
1.2
0.8
11.3
1.6
1.4
1.1
Note: e estimate.
145
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.29 Net inward portfolio equity flows, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004e
32.9
22.6
6.6
12.7
12.4
6.0
5.8
24.8
26.8
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
9.7
1.9
1.8
2.7
2.1
1.2
3.9
5.7
5.0
8.0
0.4
3.9
3.4
0.8
4.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
2.3
0.6
0.8
0.1
1.4
0.9
4.8
6.9
1.0
1.8
0.2
0.9
1.4
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.4
4.0
2.2
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.5
11.8
7.7
1.1
1.3
0.5
1.2
13.6
10.5
1.1
1.7
0.5
0.2
Europe and Central Asia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
4.3
0.6
0.4
0.7
2.2
0.2
4.0
0.4
1.0
0.6
1.3
0.0
4.0
1.1
0.6
1.7
0.7
0.5
2.0
0.1
1.2
0.0
0.3
0.4
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
2.6
0.0
0.6
1.1
0.3
0.8
0.4
1.0
3.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
12.2
1.0
5.8
0.7
2.8
1.3
13.3
1.4
5.1
1.7
3.2
1.4
2.2
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.7
0.2
3.6
10.8
2.6
0.5
3.8
0.4
0.6
3.2
3.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
2.5
0.0
2.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.1
2.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
3.4
0.1
3.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
1.5
0.0
0.9
0.1
2.3
0.2
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
South Asia
India
4.1
4.0
2.9
2.6
0.6
0.6
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.0
1.1
1.1
8.2
8.2
7.5
7.5
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
2.4
2.3
5.6
5.5
8.7
8.6
9.0
9.0
4.2
4.2
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.7
3.5
3.5
All developing countries
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
Note: e estimate.
146
2000
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.30 Net inward debt flows to developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
All developing countries
123.7
106.9
54.9
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
52.2
13.9
12.3
6.4
4.5
13.9
44.9
18.5
10.1
8.4
7.6
1.3
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
24.1
0.2
4.1
2.0
1.0
7.3
3.1
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
15.4
6.2
3.5
8.5
60.0
83.7
32.5
14.2
4.6
3.6
3.1
7.9
12.2
1.6
3.8
0.7
3.1
9.4
16.2
5.2
0.7
0.4
2.3
13.7
9.1
0.0
6.0
4.7
1.7
10.0
13.2
0.6
7.5
4.0
0.9
9.9
1.7
13.5
5.5
1.2
0.6
7.6
17.2
—
—
—
—
—
35.3
1.0
3.2
1.4
3.8
7.6
4.2
43.0
0.2
1.4
2.7
5.1
21.9
5.5
18.9
0.3
0.2
2.0
4.8
4.2
10.9
19.9
0.5
1.7
0.4
0.8
2.8
18.2
2.7
0.2
0.5
1.7
2.5
3.9
4.5
28.0
0.6
1.0
0.5
1.2
2.6
13.2
56.9
1.0
3.5
4.4
7.0
12.8
4.9
56.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
40.8
14.1
19.2
5.6
4.4
4.9
0.2
25.2
17.1
1.3
1.8
3.6
4.9
2.6
37.3
11.7
6.7
4.0
0.8
9.0
1.7
12.1
6.3
5.6
1.7
1.3
6.9
0.2
8.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
0.2
16.4
0.9
5.4
5.7
5.2
0.5
2.8
3.2
1.1
8.5
1.8
1.2
1.6
0.9
8.7
3.2
3.3
0.1
0.5
2.1
0.9
2.2
0.1
2.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.7
1.6
0.5
1.1
3.5
0.4
0.6
1.1
3.6
1.6
1.1
1.7
3.0
1.9
0.6
1.5
4.5
1.6
0.7
1.8
0.1
2.0
0.1
2.7
2.1
1.4
0.7
4.4
0.7
1.4
1.1
1.2
0.1
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
2.7
0.7
1.1
0.7
1.6
1.6
4.7
3.0
0.7
0.5
1.1
0.7
3.5
3.4
0.3
0.9
1.9
0.3
0.4
1.0
0.6
4.0
4.5
0.9
4.4
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
3.2
0.7
4.4
0.4
1.3
0.3
1.0
0.7
0.5
1.2
1.7
0.8
0.3
0.5
2.7
2.7
3.6
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
147
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.31 Net inward short-term debt flows to developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
All developing countries
37.4
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
9.2
64.5
20.1
7.9
23.9
19.6
3.1
6.3
3.8
2.7
3.6
4.7
6.1
0.6
3.9
3.8
9.9
43.3
14.1
9.7
6.5
4.6
8.2
13.9
2.2
1.6
2.5
1.4
6.2
10.1
2.1
1.5
1.4
0.2
8.5
7.8
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.6
0.3
1.6
10.9
0.8
2.4
0.0
2.5
1.4
0.6
5.7
0.2
0.5
1.4
3.3
0.5
3.2
1.6
0.3
1.1
1.2
2.8
1.0
2.3
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
4.6
2.1
4.3
3.6
0.3
7.5
0.2
7.8
8.5
16.0
1.5
0.1
2.0
1.5
28.3
1.0
24.0
0.4
0.5
1.5
2.0
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
1.9
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.1
1.2
1.7
0.4
2.4
1.2
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
South Asia
India
Pakistan
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Note: — not available; e estimate.
148
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
2.8
49.0
53.6
0.7
1.8
1.0
1.7
0.1
1.7
7.3
6.3
0.2
2.1
0.4
1.3
18.7
18.4
0.9
0.5
0.6
1.0
20.1
—
—
—
—
—
8.3
0.2
0.2
0.6
1.7
2.0
5.4
5.4
0.2
0.6
0.5
1.5
2.5
12.6
4.9
0.6
0.3
1.0
0.4
1.6
0.1
32.2
0.6
1.6
2.5
4.8
9.6
4.4
28.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
8.3
1.5
0.7
0.8
2.3
2.3
0.1
1.6
1.1
1.8
1.9
1.1
5.1
2.0
13.6
8.3
2.5
0.9
0.4
4.4
0.7
10.0
0.4
4.9
0.5
0.4
4.7
0.2
2.8
0.7
3.8
1.7
0.1
0.7
0.2
3.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.3
0.0
1.3
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.3
2.5
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.8
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.2
—
—
—
2.1
1.7
0.3
1.3
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.3
1.1
0.7
0.2
2.3
1.8
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
—
—
3.5
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.3
2.0
1.2
1.8
1.0
0.9
0.0
1.6
—
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.32 Net inward debt flows to public sector and publicly guaranteed borrowers, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
All developing countries
39.1
42.0
68.5
30.3
5.0
18.9
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
12.8
10.7
0.6
0.3
0.3
1.3
29.0
11.1
3.6
1.7
1.8
9.4
18.8
2.5
9.0
0.5
1.3
4.6
11.2
1.6
2.0
0.9
4.6
1.9
4.7
1.1
0.9
1.4
3.1
0.2
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
11.8
0.4
2.8
3.1
0.2
7.0
0.5
15.5
0.2
0.9
1.8
0.5
7.1
2.5
21.8
0.3
1.0
0.4
0.1
16.2
1.0
7.0
0.4
1.0
1.5
0.3
3.5
4.6
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
13.7
10.1
2.7
2.0
1.4
0.6
0.2
2.0
4.9
0.3
0.3
1.1
9.9
0.4
24.6
8.3
12.1
0.6
1.0
0.7
0.2
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
1.4
1.5
0.2
0.4
4.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
South Asia
India
Pakistan
0.5
1.5
1.1
1.6
0.6
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
2003
2004e
4.5
17.0
22.3
0.8
0.0
2.2
3.1
0.2
2.7
11.8
5.3
3.1
2.1
0.5
6.2
12.7
5.9
0.9
2.0
0.7
5.6
1.5
—
—
—
—
—
5.2
0.2
1.0
1.4
1.4
3.9
11.3
1.5
0.1
0.9
0.8
3.3
7.0
9.2
3.3
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.1
4.1
7.5
5.9
0.0
0.5
1.4
1.7
7.1
1.3
8.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.7
8.7
0.8
0.6
3.4
3.7
0.6
6.6
6.4
6.5
0.4
0.9
9.8
0.5
18.6
6.6
9.4
0.4
2.5
3.3
1.7
9.6
1.4
10.8
1.1
1.3
2.4
2.6
8.5
0.9
3.7
1.1
1.4
1.5
0.3
14.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.9
1.6
0.5
1.7
2.9
2.0
0.7
1.4
2.6
1.6
0.6
1.4
2.3
1.9
0.8
2.5
2.2
1.4
0.8
4.7
2.6
1.9
1.1
0.6
1.7
—
—
—
0.8
1.5
1.6
5.5
3.6
0.9
1.4
0.1
1.2
4.5
3.8
0.3
0.5
1.2
0.9
1.7
2.7
0.4
5.7
6.7
0.3
2.8
—
—
2.8
1.1
0.4
1.0
1.8
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
2.8
1.4
1.5
0.0
0.3
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
149
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.33 Net inward debt flows to private sector borrowers, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
All developing countries
84.6
65.0
13.6
14.9
11.2
22.3
3.9
76.9
61.4
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
39.3
3.2
12.9
6.1
4.2
12.6
15.9
7.4
6.5
6.7
5.8
10.7
51.3
16.7
13.6
4.0
4.3
12.5
23.4
3.2
5.8
1.6
1.4
11.3
20.9
4.1
1.6
1.0
0.8
13.5
8.3
0.1
3.8
1.6
1.5
7.3
1.5
5.9
4.4
1.9
1.5
3.7
14.4
19.4
4.6
0.8
0.1
2.1
18.7
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
12.3
0.6
1.3
1.1
0.8
0.3
2.7
19.8
0.8
2.3
0.5
3.3
0.5
1.8
21.1
0.1
0.4
3.1
5.2
2.4
6.5
11.9
0.1
0.8
0.5
5.1
0.7
6.3
14.7
0.3
0.6
1.8
2.2
1.1
6.8
4.2
0.1
0.4
2.5
5.8
3.1
13.7
24.7
0.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.5
5.7
62.8
1.0
3.0
5.8
5.3
20.0
4.7
47.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
27.1
3.9
16.5
7.6
3.0
5.5
0.4
27.2
12.3
1.0
2.1
2.5
5.0
2.2
12.7
3.4
5.3
3.5
0.2
8.3
1.5
0.4
2.4
6.4
1.1
2.1
10.5
0.7
1.8
2.1
2.4
3.3
1.1
6.6
1.4
13.2
12.3
4.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.6
18.1
0.5
11.9
0.5
0.4
6.2
0.6
5.2
0.8
4.2
1.0
2.4
0.7
0.2
12.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
2.1
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.6
5.5
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
1.9
0.0
0.1
0.4
2.1
0.0
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
1.9
0.5
0.0
0.6
1.7
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
2.1
2.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.9
1.0
0.5
1.1
0.4
0.6
1.4
0.7
0.5
2.1
1.7
0.1
1.8
2.3
0.6
1.5
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
1.6
0.1
1.6
1.5
0.9
0.7
2.7
2.3
0.3
1.3
1.6
0.4
3.1
1.9
1.2
2.6
3.9
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
150
2002
2003
2004e
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.34 Net inward debt flows from public sector creditors, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
3.8
12.9
34.4
13.9
5.8
27.0
5.2
11.9
25.3
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
3.6
4.4
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.4
17.3
4.3
3.6
0.2
0.6
8.4
14.7
2.3
8.5
0.2
0.7
1.8
12.6
3.4
4.8
0.6
0.2
2.5
7.0
1.5
2.9
0.6
0.3
0.3
3.2
2.2
0.8
2.1
0.3
1.5
7.9
1.2
1.4
0.2
0.4
5.5
7.5
3.1
0.3
0.1
0.6
4.6
9.2
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
8.6
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.2
6.8
0.8
6.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
4.2
0.2
7.5
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.5
6.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.4
3.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
3.3
4.4
2.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
4.1
4.8
10.4
2.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.1
3.3
6.7
6.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.7
4.2
1.3
6.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
10.7
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.1
9.6
0.1
8.6
0.1
1.2
0.4
0.5
8.0
0.3
10.9
1.0
9.5
0.1
0.2
1.9
1.0
1.6
0.1
4.5
0.1
1.0
5.4
0.1
11.1
0.9
8.5
0.1
0.1
4.8
0.3
20.4
10.3
9.5
0.1
1.1
0.7
1.1
13.0
1.4
12.1
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.6
4.9
0.9
3.0
0.1
2.1
0.3
0.6
10.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
0.8
1.5
0.0
0.2
4.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
1.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
2.5
0.4
0.5
0.1
2.8
0.4
0.6
0.1
1.2
1.0
0.7
0.1
2.6
1.3
0.8
0.0
2.5
1.4
0.8
0.6
2.6
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.3
1.0
0.7
2.3
0.6
0.9
2.5
0.8
1.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
2.2
0.4
1.1
2.4
3.8
0.9
1.8
2.8
0.2
1.6
—
—
2.0
0.0
1.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
1.3
0.1
1.4
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
Note: — not available; e estimate.
151
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.35 Net inward debt flows from private sector creditors, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
All developing countries
119.9
94.0
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
48.6
9.5
13.1
7.2
4.9
13.4
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
1999
2000
2001
20.5
1.5
0.4
30.5
3.3
71.8
109.0
27.6
14.2
6.5
8.6
7.0
9.7
47.1
16.5
13.0
3.8
3.7
9.6
24.7
5.0
8.6
1.3
2.9
11.9
23.2
6.8
3.6
0.2
1.9
14.0
12.3
2.2
5.2
2.6
2.0
8.5
5.3
1.8
6.1
4.2
0.5
4.4
9.3
16.6
5.1
1.1
1.2
3.0
26.4
—
—
—
—
—
15.4
0.3
4.0
1.1
0.7
0.5
4.0
28.7
0.7
3.2
1.3
3.9
3.4
4.4
35.5
0.2
1.4
3.8
5.6
12.3
5.9
19.5
0.1
0.2
1.8
5.2
1.2
11.0
19.9
0.2
1.7
0.7
1.3
0.5
13.8
0.6
0.1
0.7
1.9
6.6
0.9
14.9
25.4
0.9
1.7
0.6
2.2
0.8
6.5
63.1
0.9
3.3
4.9
8.7
17.0
4.7
62.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
51.5
13.7
20.1
6.2
4.5
4.8
0.0
33.8
17.3
0.1
2.2
4.1
3.1
2.9
26.4
10.7
2.7
4.1
0.6
10.8
0.7
10.5
6.4
10.1
1.8
0.2
12.2
0.3
2.8
3.4
4.4
3.0
0.3
11.6
1.2
15.0
16.0
4.2
0.6
1.7
2.5
0.0
21.5
0.5
13.2
1.9
0.9
8.9
2.6
1.6
0.8
3.5
2.2
3.0
1.8
0.7
12.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
1.5
0.1
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.7
0.6
1.0
5.2
1.3
1.3
1.6
0.5
1.5
0.1
1.4
1.8
1.2
0.1
1.7
1.3
1.0
0.8
2.6
4.6
0.1
0.1
4.4
1.8
0.0
0.3
0.6
2.6
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
1.6
1.5
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.9
2.4
2.5
0.2
2.0
1.9
0.6
3.0
3.6
0.7
3.1
2.3
0.7
2.9
2.9
0.3
2.2
1.7
0.7
2.8
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
1.2
0.7
3.0
0.0
1.8
0.1
1.3
0.7
1.2
1.2
2.0
0.8
2.8
0.5
1.5
2.6
2.2
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
152
1998
2002
2003
2004e
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.36 Gross market-based capital flows to developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
196.1
264.5
176.9
160.0
213.5
151.6
146.5
206.5
269.4
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
69.2
16.6
21.9
10.7
6.0
13.2
73.1
25.9
17.6
11.5
9.2
8.7
31.6
8.9
0.7
3.4
11.7
6.8
32.4
8.4
2.4
7.4
11.9
2.0
49.7
29.0
1.1
7.0
8.5
4.1
21.8
7.3
1.0
5.1
5.8
2.5
44.5
15.6
1.6
12.8
10.1
3.6
53.1
25.1
6.6
7.7
8.9
4.3
60.0
30.5
4.4
12.5
8.1
4.3
Europe and Central Asia
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
25.7
3.5
0.8
5.7
8.6
46.0
3.3
4.3
16.9
9.9
42.9
3.8
3.6
15.0
9.7
30.1
3.4
4.5
0.7
12.9
45.5
2.1
3.8
10.0
22.4
26.0
2.7
5.4
4.7
6.9
34.6
1.8
6.4
10.1
7.4
58.5
6.5
10.2
17.0
10.2
87.0
9.3
6.8
28.4
15.7
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
75.7
23.2
13.7
3.7
29.2
105.4
25.5
32.7
6.5
30.7
74.8
26.0
18.1
3.8
19.8
67.0
20.9
15.0
7.2
17.5
85.5
18.8
28.7
7.3
23.2
71.1
8.4
24.9
3.9
18.8
44.3
2.0
15.0
2.3
13.8
63.3
0.7
19.1
2.7
28.0
77.7
2.0
22.4
5.8
30.0
3.2
0.2
0.5
7.9
1.5
1.1
4.8
1.8
1.5
8.7
4.6
1.4
6.5
1.1
1.9
10.1
2.5
3.3
8.8
1.0
1.0
7.3
2.0
0.2
15.5
1.7
3.3
10.3
7.4
2.9
12.4
10.5
1.7
4.9
3.8
0.9
4.1
3.7
0.0
4.3
3.9
0.0
3.2
2.7
0.2
2.5
2.1
0.4
7.0
5.2
1.5
17.5
15.9
1.4
7.5
5.7
9.3
7.1
7.9
4.9
9.2
5.6
13.9
10.9
11.9
7.5
8.6
4.7
13.7
7.8
11.1
5.5
All developing countries
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
South Asia
India
Pakistan
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
153
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.37 Gross international equity issuance by developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
12.9
19.9
7.5
10.9
35.0
5.9
10.4
16.7
33.4
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
6.5
3.3
1.3
0.6
1.0
0.2
11.6
10.1
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.0
4.3
1.4
0.0
0.2
0.5
2.3
5.7
3.6
0.8
0.1
0.2
0.8
21.6
21.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
3.4
2.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
7.0
5.5
0.2
1.2
0.0
0.1
12.0
8.9
0.9
0.6
0.1
1.5
19.0
16.6
0.5
0.7
0.1
1.0
Europe and Central Asia
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
1.3
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.7
0.8
0.5
0.1
0.3
2.2
0.2
0.8
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.1
0.5
2.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.2
1.3
0.1
1.2
0.0
0.6
0.5
0.1
5.2
0.8
0.8
2.6
0.8
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
2.7
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.7
4.1
0.5
2.3
0.5
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
6.7
0.2
3.1
1.7
1.6
1.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.5
2.3
0.1
1.9
0.1
0.2
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.1
South Asia
India
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
1.3
1.3
4.6
4.6
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
0.7
0.6
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.4
2.3
0.8
2.2
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
All developing countries
154
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.38 Gross international bond issues in developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
71.6
90.8
70.9
67.5
67.2
65.4
59.9
87.5
110.7
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
17.3
3.9
2.8
2.5
3.7
4.4
15.8
5.0
1.6
2.4
4.7
2.1
10.1
1.9
0.0
0.1
7.8
0.3
12.9
1.4
0.0
2.6
8.9
0.0
6.7
1.3
0.0
1.4
4.0
0.0
8.1
2.6
0.1
2.4
2.8
0.3
16.1
0.9
0.8
6.0
8.4
0.0
13.4
3.4
1.5
1.5
6.8
0.3
19.6
6.4
1.7
4.1
6.0
1.4
Europe and Central Asia
Croatia
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
6.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
1.1
2.9
15.2
0.5
0.4
1.4
6.9
3.9
21.8
0.1
1.7
1.1
12.2
3.2
12.9
0.6
2.3
1.6
0.0
5.7
19.5
0.9
0.5
1.4
4.8
8.7
10.3
0.9
1.2
2.5
1.4
2.2
15.1
0.8
0.0
2.7
3.7
3.6
26.4
0.8
2.3
4.7
8.3
5.5
39.2
1.1
5.1
3.9
10.5
6.4
45.0
13.1
10.0
1.9
17.8
0.5
54.3
13.5
15.5
1.3
15.2
4.5
36.5
14.2
6.4
1.4
8.3
3.3
38.0
13.3
7.8
1.7
8.8
1.4
37.2
11.9
11.4
1.5
8.5
0.5
39.5
3.3
12.8
4.3
8.2
1.7
23.9
0.0
7.4
1.0
7.4
0.0
41.6
0.0
14.9
1.8
14.1
3.7
40.4
1.0
11.5
1.5
15.7
4.3
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
Tunisia
0.9
0.0
0.5
0.1
2.0
0.0
1.1
0.5
1.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
1.9
0.1
1.4
0.2
2.4
0.0
1.9
0.5
5.3
1.5
3.3
0.5
2.7
0.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
4.6
0.0
3.3
0.5
South Asia
India
Pakistan
1.2
1.1
0.1
2.5
2.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
5.0
4.4
0.5
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.5
2.2
1.5
1.9
1.5
4.7
3.4
2.0
2.0
All developing countries
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
155
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.39 Gross international bank lending to developing country borrower, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
111.6
153.8
98.5
81.6
111.3
80.2
76.2
102.2
125.3
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
45.4
9.4
17.8
7.6
1.3
8.7
45.7
10.8
15.3
8.7
4.2
6.5
17.2
5.5
0.7
3.2
3.4
4.3
13.8
3.4
1.6
4.7
2.8
1.2
21.4
6.6
1.0
5.4
4.3
4.1
10.2
1.9
0.5
2.7
3.1
2.0
21.4
9.3
0.5
5.6
1.7
3.5
27.7
12.8
4.2
5.7
2.0
2.5
21.4
7.5
2.1
7.6
2.1
1.9
Europe and Central Asia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
18.2
3.2
2.8
0.6
3.8
5.7
29.1
3.6
2.1
2.5
9.9
5.7
18.9
2.4
1.9
1.6
2.7
5.7
16.2
0.6
0.9
2.6
0.7
7.1
22.8
1.2
1.5
2.3
4.7
11.3
15.4
0.9
1.5
2.9
3.1
4.7
17.9
0.3
1.8
3.5
5.1
3.8
30.9
2.2
4.2
4.9
8.2
4.7
42.7
1.8
3.3
2.2
15.3
8.5
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
28.1
9.8
3.3
3.6
2.3
10.6
47.0
11.5
14.9
6.0
4.9
14.7
38.1
11.8
11.7
3.7
1.8
11.5
28.4
7.2
7.1
7.2
2.0
8.6
41.6
6.7
14.2
5.6
2.3
13.2
30.3
5.0
10.8
3.9
0.6
10.6
19.3
2.0
6.5
2.3
1.3
6.4
20.6
0.7
3.8
2.6
0.2
13.4
35.1
0.9
8.9
5.7
0.4
14.2
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Iran
1.9
0.0
0.6
5.5
1.2
0.5
2.9
1.6
0.5
6.5
4.2
0.7
3.8
0.8
1.0
4.8
1.0
1.0
6.1
1.0
3.0
6.3
2.0
2.2
10.0
1.5
5.7
South Asia
India
Pakistan
7.8
5.0
2.8
8.9
7.5
1.3
4.9
3.8
0.9
3.2
2.8
0.0
3.4
3.0
0.0
2.6
2.1
0.2
2.2
1.8
0.4
5.2
3.5
1.5
7.9
7.0
0.9
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
5.8
4.1
7.2
5.1
6.5
3.5
5.1
3.1
10.3
7.4
9.2
5.5
6.2
2.8
7.9
3.3
7.9
2.5
All developing countries
156
2000
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.40 Change in foreign exchange reserves, 1996–2004
$ billions ( increase)
Gross foreign
exchange
reserves
2003
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
1,213.6
84.6
52.5
16.3
33.4
46.8
81.7
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
544.8
403.3
34.7
43.5
13.3
41.0
45.2
31.5
4.5
3.2
3.7
1.7
12.8
34.9
1.7
6.1
2.8
11.5
20.7
5.1
6.3
4.7
2.0
2.7
29.3
9.7
3.8
4.9
4.0
5.4
10.1
10.9
2.0
1.0
0.2
1.9
Europe and Central Asia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
236.2
26.3
12.0
31.7
73.2
33.8
2.3
1.5
2.3
3.1
3.0
4.0
7.4
2.6
1.3
2.6
1.5
2.2
5.1
2.8
0.9
6.9
5.0
0.8
6.4
0.3
1.5
1.1
0.7
3.7
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
189.7
13.1
49.1
15.2
57.7
15.5
28.1
4.0
8.6
0.8
3.9
5.4
13.5
4.4
7.5
2.3
9.0
2.9
9.2
2.3
8.2
2.0
3.3
2.4
89.1
32.9
13.4
12.5
5.6
2.2
1.2
1.4
6.0
3.8
1.3
0.0
114.8
2.6
97.6
10.7
0.6
0.5
2.3
1.2
39.0
5.2
7.1
6.2
2.8
0.3
2.6
1.9
All developing countries
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
South Asia
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
Sub-Saharan Africa
Botswana
Nigeria
South Africa
2002
2003
2004e
171.7
291.9
378.2
47.7
46.6
1.2
1.0
0.4
0.4
87.9
74.2
3.7
3.7
0.3
5.7
136.7
116.8
4.0
10.2
0.3
2.9
230.3
206.7
0.5
18.2
0.8
6.0
18.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
15.8
0.9
11.1
1.2
0.6
1.2
8.3
3.6
43.7
9.1
0.6
2.8
11.5
8.2
60.9
3.0
2.3
3.8
29.1
6.9
67.6
1.1
2.6
3.3
40.5
2.1
7.4
1.6
7.8
1.1
0.5
0.1
2.9
1.7
2.3
0.5
4.2
0.9
2.9
9.9
3.2
0.6
9.2
3.8
0.8
4.1
1.7
0.8
5.5
0.8
33.2
2.7
11.7
0.4
7.8
7.5
21.8
4.2
3.6
0.3
5.0
2.1
1.7
1.2
0.6
0.6
1.2
2.4
3.6
1.2
4.8
7.5
1.4
1.8
9.5
6.1
0.0
0.9
12.0
5.1
0.3
2.2
22.0
9.8
0.2
5.3
12.2
8.4
0.0
0.3
5.2
0.2
4.6
0.6
3.0
0.3
2.6
0.2
5.0
0.3
5.0
0.5
4.7
0.1
5.3
0.0
10.2
0.2
8.0
2.1
27.0
0.4
21.7
4.4
35.0
0.9
30.6
2.6
26.9
0.5
27.5
1.1
7.6
0.7
3.5
3.8
1.5
0.2
0.5
0.6
1.4
0.4
1.7
1.9
6.1
0.0
4.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.4
3.1
0.2
4.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
19.4
0.1
9.8
6.1
Note: e estimate.
157
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.41 Total external debt of developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
2,045.0
2,109.7
2,322.9
2,346.6
2,282.6
2,260.5
2,336.5
2,554.1
2,597.1
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
494.0
128.8
128.9
39.7
44.0
112.8
526.3
146.7
136.2
47.2
50.7
109.7
533.2
144.0
151.2
42.4
53.5
104.9
538.6
152.1
151.2
41.9
58.1
96.8
500.7
145.7
144.4
41.9
60.9
79.7
502.0
170.1
134.0
44.6
58.5
67.2
498.2
168.3
131.8
48.8
60.1
59.5
525.5
193.6
134.4
49.1
62.7
51.8
536.5
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
368.3
10.4
20.1
27.3
43.5
126.4
79.8
391.2
11.1
23.1
24.6
41.7
127.6
84.8
490.3
11.4
24.2
28.5
57.7
177.9
97.1
503.5
11.0
22.8
29.9
65.9
174.8
102.2
510.8
11.2
21.5
29.5
65.8
160.0
117.3
507.8
10.5
22.7
30.3
67.4
152.5
113.4
560.2
11.5
27.6
35.0
78.5
147.4
131.2
676.0
13.3
34.6
45.8
95.2
175.3
145.7
728.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
638.5
111.4
181.3
27.5
28.9
156.3
34.5
670.4
128.4
198.0
27.0
31.9
147.6
35.7
752.2
141.5
241.0
33.7
33.1
159.0
37.8
771.8
145.8
244.0
34.8
34.4
166.5
37.6
755.1
147.5
239.2
37.3
33.9
150.3
38.2
749.2
154.1
226.8
38.6
36.2
145.7
36.0
746.2
150.0
228.6
41.2
33.2
140.2
34.0
779.6
166.2
235.4
43.2
33.0
140.0
34.9
773.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
163.2
33.6
31.5
4.0
151.3
30.9
30.1
5.0
160.9
30.7
32.4
6.8
155.8
28.0
31.0
8.2
144.6
25.3
29.2
9.9
142.1
22.6
29.3
12.4
150.2
22.9
30.0
17.1
158.8
23.4
31.4
18.6
155.5
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
149.6
93.5
29.8
149.6
94.3
30.1
157.6
97.6
32.3
162.0
98.3
33.9
160.0
99.1
32.8
156.2
97.5
31.7
170.2
106.3
33.7
182.8
113.5
36.3
184.7
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
231.3
26.1
220.8
25.3
228.6
24.8
215.0
23.9
211.3
24.9
203.2
24.1
211.4
25.0
231.4
27.8
218.4
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
158
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.42 Total external medium- and long-term debt of developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
1,670.0
1,722.2
1,970.9
2,012.6
1,965.2
1,938.6
2,015.6
2,152.1
2,136.7
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
365.3
103.4
96.7
28.6
36.1
65.1
394.3
115.2
103.3
32.3
39.0
71.9
447.3
126.7
131.1
33.9
46.3
75.3
464.9
136.9
131.2
35.9
52.3
73.4
437.5
132.6
121.8
37.3
54.9
64.8
411.2
128.5
112.2
38.3
52.5
54.0
399.3
120.5
108.9
40.5
54.5
47.5
400.1
120.6
111.5
40.2
56.5
40.9
391.1
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
315.1
9.2
14.3
23.9
40.8
114.5
62.5
331.7
9.1
15.0
21.2
36.6
121.7
66.8
414.8
9.6
16.6
23.7
49.3
163.1
75.9
423.7
9.7
14.0
26.3
54.6
159.0
78.8
424.1
9.8
12.5
25.4
56.2
144.4
88.4
425.1
9.3
13.2
25.7
56.3
133.5
97.0
472.0
9.6
16.8
29.3
64.6
131.1
114.8
541.2
10.6
20.7
36.8
75.7
144.5
122.6
562.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
517.1
87.9
145.4
20.4
23.0
126.4
31.8
542.2
96.4
163.2
21.5
26.2
119.8
31.5
633.2
110.6
211.1
28.6
26.9
132.7
35.5
662.5
116.3
214.7
30.5
30.5
142.4
35.5
647.6
119.2
208.2
31.1
31.1
131.4
34.1
655.7
134.1
198.5
33.3
33.0
131.1
31.2
667.3
134.9
205.2
35.4
29.5
130.3
29.4
696.3
143.2
215.8
35.7
29.4
130.8
30.5
680.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
144.4
33.3
29.2
2.3
132.7
30.7
27.1
3.2
138.9
30.5
28.2
4.8
132.6
27.8
26.8
6.0
123.8
25.0
25.1
7.3
123.8
22.4
26.0
9.8
131.7
22.8
26.5
14.5
138.5
23.2
27.6
15.5
134.9
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
139.3
86.7
27.0
141.4
89.3
27.6
150.5
93.3
30.1
155.0
94.4
32.1
154.0
95.6
31.3
151.3
94.8
30.4
162.9
101.7
32.1
175.6
108.7
35.1
178.2
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
188.8
15.2
180.0
14.3
186.2
13.3
174.0
13.1
178.2
15.3
171.5
15.7
182.4
17.6
200.3
20.4
189.6
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
159
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.43 Total external short-term debt of developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
375.0
387.4
352.0
334.0
317.3
321.9
320.8
402.1
460.4
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
128.7
25.4
32.2
11.1
8.0
47.7
132.1
31.5
32.9
14.9
11.8
37.8
85.9
17.3
20.1
8.5
7.2
29.7
73.8
15.2
20.0
6.0
5.7
23.4
63.2
13.1
22.6
4.6
5.9
14.9
90.8
41.6
21.8
6.3
6.0
13.2
99.0
47.9
22.8
8.4
5.6
11.9
125.5
73.0
22.9
8.8
6.2
10.9
145.4
—
—
—
—
—
53.2
1.1
5.7
3.4
2.7
12.0
17.3
59.5
2.0
8.1
3.4
5.1
5.9
18.0
75.5
1.8
7.6
4.8
8.4
14.8
21.2
79.7
1.3
8.8
3.5
11.3
15.7
23.5
86.7
1.5
9.0
4.2
9.7
15.6
28.9
82.6
1.2
9.6
4.6
11.1
19.0
16.3
88.2
1.8
10.8
5.7
13.9
16.3
16.4
134.8
2.7
14.0
9.0
19.5
30.8
23.0
165.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
121.4
23.5
35.9
7.0
5.9
29.8
2.7
128.2
32.0
34.9
5.5
5.8
27.9
4.2
119.0
31.0
29.9
5.1
6.2
26.3
2.2
109.3
29.4
29.2
4.3
4.0
24.1
2.1
107.5
28.3
31.0
6.2
2.9
18.9
4.1
93.5
20.0
28.3
5.3
3.3
14.6
4.8
78.9
15.1
23.4
5.8
3.7
9.9
4.6
83.3
23.0
19.6
7.5
3.6
9.2
4.3
93.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
18.8
0.3
2.3
1.7
18.6
0.2
3.0
1.8
22.1
0.2
4.3
2.0
23.2
0.2
4.3
2.2
20.8
0.2
4.1
2.5
18.3
0.2
3.4
2.7
18.5
0.1
3.5
2.5
20.3
0.1
3.8
3.1
20.5
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
10.3
6.7
2.8
8.2
5.0
2.5
7.1
4.3
2.2
7.0
3.9
1.8
6.1
3.5
1.5
5.0
2.7
1.3
7.3
4.6
1.5
7.2
4.7
1.2
6.5
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
42.6
10.8
40.8
10.9
42.4
11.4
41.0
10.8
33.1
9.6
31.7
8.4
29.0
7.4
31.1
7.4
28.8
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
Note: — not available; e estimate.
160
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.44 Total external debt of developing countries owed by public and publicly guaranteed
borrowers, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
1,392.2
1,369.1
1,471.9
1,477.9
1,421.9
1,400.9
1,471.2
1,557.0
1,555.0
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
256.8
102.3
60.0
15.7
27.5
16.9
272.0
112.8
58.8
16.8
27.3
24.7
288.6
99.4
76.4
18.2
30.5
31.3
307.5
99.2
83.9
18.9
36.6
34.7
288.1
94.9
80.6
19.2
35.9
32.5
277.8
91.8
77.8
24.1
31.4
27.9
277.7
88.6
78.9
26.5
34.2
23.0
279.6
85.6
83.7
25.5
37.4
17.8
272.6
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
286.9
8.8
12.2
18.9
39.2
114.5
49.1
288.9
8.7
12.8
15.3
34.2
119.8
48.1
321.2
9.1
11.6
15.9
35.1
140.9
50.6
316.5
9.0
7.7
16.9
33.2
136.4
51.6
305.0
9.0
6.5
14.4
30.8
122.6
60.6
292.6
8.5
5.7
12.7
25.7
111.2
68.4
309.8
8.5
7.0
13.6
29.4
102.6
82.3
334.6
8.9
8.6
14.8
35.0
103.3
88.8
340.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
399.9
68.8
96.4
4.9
14.9
106.1
29.9
379.6
73.0
87.4
4.4
15.4
92.4
29.0
413.1
82.7
103.0
5.0
16.7
95.4
29.6
420.1
89.0
101.2
5.7
20.2
92.4
28.7
406.2
93.2
95.5
5.3
20.8
81.5
28.0
417.2
102.4
102.2
5.6
21.8
77.0
25.2
441.5
106.4
117.8
6.8
20.7
76.3
23.4
468.5
114.8
123.3
8.1
22.8
77.5
24.5
484.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
140.3
33.3
29.1
1.9
127.7
30.7
27.0
2.3
131.8
30.5
27.8
4.0
125.6
27.8
26.3
5.3
117.2
25.0
24.5
6.6
117.2
22.4
25.3
9.0
125.2
22.7
25.9
13.8
131.8
22.7
27.3
14.8
127.4
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
129.9
79.4
25.0
129.7
80.1
25.3
139.3
84.9
27.5
144.6
86.4
29.8
138.6
83.2
28.7
137.1
83.1
28.3
147.0
88.2
30.1
157.8
92.8
33.5
158.8
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
178.5
11.2
171.1
11.9
177.9
10.7
163.6
8.2
166.9
9.1
159.1
7.9
170.0
9.4
184.7
9.1
171.5
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
161
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.45 Total external debt of developing countries owed by private sector borrowers, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
652.8
740.6
851.0
868.7
860.7
859.6
865.2
997.2
1,042.1
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
237.2
26.6
68.9
24.0
16.5
96.0
254.4
33.9
77.3
30.4
23.5
85.0
244.6
44.6
74.8
24.3
23.0
73.6
231.1
52.9
67.3
23.0
21.4
62.0
212.6
50.9
63.8
22.7
25.0
47.2
224.2
78.4
56.2
20.5
27.1
39.3
220.6
79.7
52.8
22.4
25.9
36.5
246.0
108.0
50.7
23.6
25.2
34.0
263.9
—
—
—
—
—
81.5
1.6
7.8
8.4
4.3
12.0
30.8
102.3
2.4
10.2
9.3
7.5
7.8
36.7
169.1
2.3
12.7
12.6
22.6
36.9
46.6
186.9
2.0
15.1
13.0
32.8
38.3
50.6
205.8
2.2
15.0
15.2
35.1
37.4
56.7
215.2
2.0
17.1
17.6
41.7
41.3
45.0
250.4
2.9
20.6
21.4
49.1
44.8
48.9
341.4
4.4
26.1
31.0
60.3
71.9
56.8
388.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
238.6
42.6
84.9
22.6
14.0
50.2
4.5
290.8
55.4
110.7
22.7
16.5
55.2
6.7
339.1
58.8
138.0
28.7
16.3
63.5
8.2
351.7
56.7
142.8
29.2
14.2
74.1
8.9
348.9
54.2
143.7
32.0
13.1
68.8
10.2
332.0
51.6
124.6
33.0
14.5
68.6
10.8
304.7
43.6
110.8
34.4
12.5
63.8
10.6
311.2
51.4
112.1
35.2
10.2
62.5
10.4
289.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
22.9
0.3
2.5
2.1
23.6
0.2
3.1
2.7
29.1
0.2
4.6
2.7
30.2
0.2
4.8
2.9
27.3
0.2
4.7
3.3
24.9
0.2
4.0
3.5
24.9
0.2
4.1
3.2
27.0
0.7
4.1
3.8
28.1
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
19.8
14.1
4.8
19.9
14.3
4.8
18.3
12.7
4.8
17.4
11.9
4.1
21.5
15.9
4.1
19.1
14.4
3.4
23.2
18.1
3.5
25.0
20.6
2.9
25.9
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
52.9
14.8
49.7
13.3
50.7
14.1
51.4
15.7
44.5
15.8
44.1
16.1
41.5
15.6
46.7
18.7
46.9
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
Note: — not available; e estimate.
162
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.46 Total external debt of developing countries owed to public sector creditors, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
833.3
791.3
866.8
881.8
839.5
826.9
874.7
933.3
896.6
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
153.7
39.4
46.1
4.2
21.0
10.6
152.5
39.8
45.5
4.0
19.7
17.8
179.1
45.1
58.2
4.5
22.2
21.4
200.3
50.4
66.3
4.8
23.6
25.3
188.2
50.4
65.9
5.0
22.0
23.9
180.6
50.6
62.1
5.9
19.8
20.8
183.4
50.8
65.2
5.8
21.0
16.7
190.8
51.5
70.5
6.1
22.3
13.2
179.4
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
160.0
3.4
1.3
3.7
30.5
75.6
15.9
156.2
3.4
1.1
3.3
26.6
76.8
14.3
172.4
3.9
1.1
2.3
27.1
88.3
15.0
171.4
3.9
1.1
2.3
25.1
86.7
13.8
166.8
3.9
1.1
1.9
23.7
82.5
17.3
159.2
3.4
1.2
1.7
17.8
71.7
26.9
165.4
3.5
1.5
1.9
19.7
62.2
35.8
176.2
4.1
1.9
1.8
20.4
64.7
37.5
169.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
164.1
26.1
25.4
2.7
6.5
42.6
6.3
145.9
24.2
22.2
2.2
5.6
32.1
5.5
161.0
25.9
32.7
2.2
6.0
31.4
6.7
163.2
25.5
37.7
2.1
7.8
26.3
6.6
150.1
25.6
31.1
1.9
7.7
20.8
6.1
162.9
35.2
37.2
1.7
8.6
19.9
4.9
183.1
35.6
52.1
1.5
8.9
20.5
4.4
196.9
36.9
58.2
1.4
11.4
20.6
3.9
189.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
107.3
20.2
27.7
0.6
99.6
20.3
25.9
0.7
103.9
21.5
26.9
0.9
98.3
20.4
25.7
0.9
90.7
19.2
24.0
0.9
88.3
17.7
23.4
1.0
91.3
17.7
24.7
1.0
96.2
17.8
26.4
1.7
93.1
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
104.1
55.9
23.8
98.9
52.8
22.8
104.6
53.9
25.1
113.3
58.6
27.7
102.7
50.6
26.6
101.1
49.8
27.0
106.3
49.8
29.3
113.8
50.9
32.7
113.7
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
144.0
0.9
138.2
0.4
145.7
0.0
135.2
0.0
140.9
0.1
134.9
0.1
145.1
0.1
159.6
0.2
151.6
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
163
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.47 Total external debt of developing countries owed to private sector creditors, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004e
All developing countries
1,211.7
1,318.4
1,456.1
1,464.9
1,443.1
1,433.6
1,461.8
1,620.8
1,700.5
East Asia and Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
340.3
89.4
82.8
35.5
23.0
102.3
373.8
106.9
90.7
43.2
31.1
91.9
354.1
98.9
93.1
37.9
31.4
83.5
338.3
101.6
84.9
37.1
34.4
71.5
312.5
95.3
78.5
37.0
38.8
55.8
321.4
119.6
72.0
38.8
38.7
46.4
314.8
117.5
66.5
43.1
39.1
42.7
334.8
142.1
63.9
43.0
40.3
38.6
357.2
—
—
—
—
—
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
208.3
7.0
18.7
23.6
13.0
50.8
64.0
235.0
7.7
22.0
21.3
15.1
50.8
70.5
317.9
7.5
23.1
26.2
30.6
89.6
82.2
332.1
7.1
21.7
27.6
40.9
88.1
88.4
344.0
7.3
20.4
27.6
42.2
77.6
100.0
348.6
7.1
21.5
28.6
49.6
80.8
86.5
394.8
8.0
26.0
33.1
58.8
85.3
95.4
499.8
9.2
32.7
44.0
74.9
110.6
108.2
558.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
Latin America and Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
474.3
85.3
155.9
24.7
22.4
113.6
28.2
524.5
104.2
175.8
24.9
26.3
115.6
30.2
591.2
115.6
208.4
31.5
27.1
127.5
31.0
608.6
120.3
206.3
32.7
26.6
140.2
31.0
605.0
121.9
208.1
35.4
26.2
129.5
32.0
586.3
118.9
189.6
36.9
27.7
125.8
31.1
563.1
114.3
176.5
39.7
24.3
119.6
29.6
582.8
129.3
177.2
41.8
21.6
119.4
31.0
584.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Lebanon
55.9
13.4
3.8
3.4
51.7
10.6
4.2
4.3
57.0
9.2
5.5
5.9
57.5
7.6
5.3
7.3
53.8
6.1
5.2
8.9
53.9
4.9
6.0
11.5
58.8
5.2
5.3
16.1
62.7
5.6
5.0
16.9
62.4
—
—
—
South Asia
India
Pakistan
45.5
37.6
6.0
50.7
41.5
7.2
53.0
43.7
7.2
48.7
39.7
6.2
57.3
48.5
6.1
55.1
47.7
4.7
63.9
56.5
4.4
68.9
62.6
3.7
71.0
—
—
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
87.3
25.2
82.6
24.9
82.9
24.8
79.8
23.9
70.4
24.7
68.3
23.9
66.3
24.9
71.8
27.6
66.8
—
Note: — not available; e estimate.
164
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.48 Gross foreign exchange reserves of developing countries, 1996–2004
$ billions
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
519.2
571.7
588.0
621.5
668.3
750.0
921.7
1,213.6
1,591.8
East Asia and the Pacific
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
199.7
105.0
17.8
26.2
9.9
37.2
212.5
139.9
16.1
20.0
7.1
25.7
233.2
145.0
22.4
24.7
9.1
28.4
262.5
154.7
26.2
29.7
13.1
33.8
272.6
165.6
28.3
28.6
12.9
31.9
320.3
212.2
27.0
29.6
13.3
32.3
408.2
286.4
30.8
33.3
13.0
38.0
544.8
403.3
34.7
43.5
13.3
41.0
775.1
610.0
34.3
61.7
12.5
46.9
Europe and Central Asia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russian Federation
Turkey
83.4
12.4
9.6
17.7
11.3
16.4
90.8
9.7
8.3
20.3
12.8
18.6
95.9
12.5
9.2
27.2
7.8
19.4
102.3
12.8
10.7
26.1
8.5
23.2
120.4
13.0
10.9
26.3
24.3
22.3
131.5
14.2
10.3
25.2
32.5
18.7
175.3
23.3
9.7
28.0
44.1
26.9
236.2
26.3
12.0
31.7
73.2
33.8
303.8
27.4
14.6
35.0
113.7
35.9
153.0
17.7
58.3
14.9
19.2
11.1
166.5
22.2
50.8
17.3
28.1
14.0
157.3
24.5
42.6
15.3
31.5
11.6
149.9
26.1
34.8
14.2
31.0
11.7
152.8
24.4
32.5
14.7
35.1
12.6
155.7
14.5
35.7
14.0
44.4
8.8
156.5
10.4
37.4
14.8
49.9
8.0
189.7
13.1
49.1
15.2
57.7
15.5
211.5
17.3
52.7
15.5
62.8
17.7
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
37.6
4.2
17.2
43.7
8.0
18.5
42.0
6.8
17.9
40.8
4.4
14.3
45.6
11.9
12.9
55.1
18.0
12.9
67.1
23.1
13.2
89.1
32.9
13.4
101.3
41.4
13.4
South Asia
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
24.8
1.7
19.7
0.5
30.0
1.6
24.3
1.2
32.9
1.9
27.0
1.0
37.9
1.6
32.0
1.5
42.6
1.5
37.3
1.5
52.8
1.3
45.3
3.6
79.8
1.7
67.0
8.1
114.8
2.6
97.6
10.7
141.7
3.1
125.2
9.6
Sub-Saharan Africa
Botswana
Nigeria
South Africa
20.6
5.0
4.1
0.9
28.2
5.6
7.6
4.8
26.7
5.9
7.1
4.2
28.0
6.2
5.5
6.1
34.2
6.3
9.9
5.8
34.5
5.8
10.5
5.8
34.8
5.4
7.3
5.6
39.0
5.2
7.1
6.2
58.4
5.1
16.9
12.3
All developing countries
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Venezuela, R. B. de
2003
2004e
Note: e estimate.
165
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.49 Key external debt ratios for developing countries
%, averages for 2001–3
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Côte d’Ivoire
Croatia
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Ghana
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Total external debt
(EDT) to exports of
G&S (XGS)
Present value
(PV) of EDT as
% of XGS
EDT as % of gross
national income
(GNI)
PV as %
of GNI
Total debt
service as % of
XGS
Interest
service as %
of XGS
81
103
120
473
131
58
188
47
27
206
347
270
308
102
16
299
148
497
3,051
125
335
156
1,061
427
174
49
182
397
923
266
69
210
183
69
141
243
59
217
147
119
15
543
118
621
25
111
379
155
285
205
88
408
891
198
114
171
102
120
196
33
57
100
117
531
85
47
128
53
27
241
151
252
157
78
13
323
152
178
2,182
107
185
107
1,319
254
178
48
200
289
625
404
74
176
183
69
95
234
58
240
131
132
13
333
119
135
24
114
202
122
85
190
86
225
594
78
83
106
99
106
200
30
28
41
104
104
45
28
37
29
18
125
65
79
74
48
9
50
83
54
210
82
96
74
125
75
66
15
43
109
222
242
34
107
102
48
65
123
34
74
35
50
—
76
100
112
15
87
170
54
128
99
22
106
369
215
39
87
73
22
80
9
20
40
102
117
29
23
25
33
18
146
28
74
38
37
8
54
86
19
150
70
53
51
155
45
67
15
47
79
150
368
36
90
102
48
44
119
33
82
31
55
—
47
101
24
15
89
90
43
38
92
21
59
246
84
29
54
71
19
82
8
3
19
17
40
11
9
7
5
3
26
11
5
23
6
2
72
13
14
68
1
16
7
0
13
34
9
46
4
12
3
11
10
26
11
6
14
9
31
13
9
—
10
21
8
3
11
12
14
17
17
8
15
18
8
5
13
34
22
27
5
1
5
2
6
1
1
2
3
1
13
3
1
7
2
0
19
5
5
18
0
7
2
0
4
8
2
12
1
8
1
4
2
6
2
1
7
3
14
4
5
—
5
5
4
1
4
5
3
3
10
3
4
5
3
1
3
3
6
6
1
(Table continues on next page)
166
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.49 Key external debt ratios for developing countries (continued )
%, averages for 2001–3
Jamaica
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia1
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Serbia and Montenegro
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Slovak Republic
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Swaziland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Total external debt
(EDT) to exports of
G&S (XGS)
Present value
(PV) of EDT as
% of XGS
EDT as % of gross
national income
(GNI)
PV as %
of GNI
Total debt
service as % of
XGS
Interest
service as %
of XGS
119
125
181
206
282
611
206
458
112
1,522
105
112
466
660
44
54
282
459
83
74
154
188
116
430
247
200
436
542
153
32
232
99
113
111
279
141
150
124
128
974
253
1,773
222
268
100
1,152
93
224
—
67
134
210
106
128
561
28
264
139
457
59
131
117
183
162
221
356
204
482
80
1,630
106
97
138
393
45
41
124
153
81
83
146
140
109
118
187
131
98
148
148
32
189
123
104
107
311
147
147
126
135
615
209
770
96
238
103
632
90
176
—
69
110
212
104
107
550
28
262
112
132
59
73
90
94
54
125
155
93
104
66
603
58
47
105
181
55
45
97
218
54
23
100
127
51
139
—
57
178
93
78
19
50
75
87
52
54
77
49
45
50
91
148
723
84
94
87
216
72
76
—
23
62
102
59
67
123
27
112
96
77
41
80
84
95
43
98
91
92
110
47
646
58
40
31
108
56
35
42
73
52
25
95
95
47
38
—
38
40
26
76
19
41
93
80
51
60
80
48
46
52
57
122
314
36
83
89
118
70
60
—
23
51
103
58
56
120
26
111
77
22
41
18
17
42
17
19
11
22
80
11
0
84
15
7
7
8
4
7
11
8
22
13
37
27
8
4
7
13
9
7
11
19
11
14
11
24
23
30
21
14
13
9
35
12
17
14
18
18
11
—
10
8
29
9
8
1
2
4
11
6
17
7
3
6
4
2
3
4
35
2
0
4
3
3
4
2
1
2
3
3
6
4
2
8
2
1
2
4
3
2
1
5
6
3
4
13
6
4
5
6
5
6
15
4
6
3
8
3
5
—
3
2
14
5
3
0
1
2
2
2
2
(Table continues on next page)
167
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.49 Key external debt ratios for developing countries (continued )
%, averages for 2001–3
Total external debt
(EDT) to exports of
G&S (XGS)
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, R. B. de
Vietnam
Yemen, Rep. of
Zambia
Zimbabwe
259
106
52
139
232
—
408
66
334
149
64
117
77
102
529
274
Present value
(PV) of EDT as
% of XGS
203
74
59
140
243
—
170
64
351
142
46
139
67
72
372
272
EDT as % of gross
national income
(GNI)
PV as %
of GNI
Total debt
service as % of
XGS
Interest
service as %
of XGS
116
57
31
74
77
—
78
38
86
49
39
35
45
57
172
50
91
40
35
75
81
—
33
37
90
47
28
42
39
40
121
50
2
5
5
14
45
—
8
15
25
24
1
30
4
3
32
3
0
1
3
5
11
—
2
2
9
5
1
8
1
1
12
1
Notes: — not available. For definition of indicators, see Sources and Definitions section. Numbers in italics include the effects of traditional
relief and HIPC relief and are based on public and publicly guaranteed debt only. Exports comprise the total value of goods and services
exported, receipts of compensations of employees and investment income and worker’s remittances. In the ratios, the numerator refers to the
2003 data and the denominator is an average of 2001 to 2003 data.
168
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.50 Classification of countries by levels of external indebtedness
136 economies in the World Bank Debtor Reporting System
Severely indebted
low-income
Severely indebted
middle-income
Moderately indebted
low-income
Moderately indebted
middle-income
Less indebted
low-income
Less indebted
middle-income
Angola
Bhutan
Burundi
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep. of
Congo, Rep. of
Côte d’Ivoire
Eritrea
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Liberia
Malawi
Myanmar
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tajikistan
Togo
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Argentina
Belize
Brazil
Bulgaria
Croatia
Dominica
Ecuador
Estonia
Gabon
Grenada
Guyana
Indonesia
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lebanon
Maldives
Panama
Peru
Samoa
Serbia and Montenegro
Seychelles
St. Kitts and Nevis
Syrian Arab Republic
Turkey
Uruguay
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Mauritania
Moldova
Mongoliaa
Niger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Uganda
Uzbekistan
Bolivia
Cape Verde
Chile
Colombia
El Salvador
Honduras
Hungary
Jamaica
Lithuania
Malaysia
Mauritius
Paraguay
Philippines
Poland
Russian Federation
Slovak Republic
Sri Lanka
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Venezuela, R. B. de
Bangladesh
Equatorial Guinea
Ghana
Haiti
India
Lesotho
Mali
Mozambique
Nepal
Nicaragua
Senegal
Tanzania
Vietnam
Yemen, Rep. of
Albania
Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Barbados
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
China
Costa Rica
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Fiji
Georgia
Guatemala
Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Macedonia, FYR
Mexico
Morocco
Oman
Romania
South Africa
Swaziland
Thailand
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Ukraine
Notes: Tables classify all World Bank member economies and all other economies with populations more than 30,000. Economies are divided among income groups
according to 2003 GNI per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. Income groups are low income, $765 or less; lower middle-income, $766–$3,035;
upper middle-income, $3,036–$9,385; and high income, $9,386 or more.
a. Classification excludes the effect of Russian debt settlement.
169
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.51 Classification of countries by region and level of income
Europe and
Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
Income
group
170
Eastern
Europe and
Central Asia
West
Africa
East Asia
and Pacific
South
Asia
Angola
Burundi
Comoros
Congo, Dem.
Rep. of
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mozambique
Rwanda
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Central African
Republic
Chad
Congo, Rep.
Côte d’Ivoire
Equatorial
Guinea
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
São Tomé
and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Cambodia
Korea, Dem.
Rep. of
Lao PDR
Mongolia
Myanmar
Papua New
Guinea
Solomon
Islands
Timor-Leste
Vietnam
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Nepal
Pakistan
Kyrgyz
Republic
Moldova
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Lower
Namibia
South Africa
Swaziland
Cape Verde
China
Fiji
Indonesia
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia,
Fed. Sts. of
Philippines
Samoa
Thailand
Tonga
Vanuatu
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Albania
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Macedonia,
FYRa
Romania
Russian
Federation
Serbia and
Montenegro
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Upper
Botswana
Mauritius
Mayotte
Seychelles
Gabon
American
Samoa
Malaysia
N. Mariana
Islands
Palau
Subgroup
Lowincome
Middleincome
East and
Southern
Africa
Croatia
Czech
Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovak
Republic
Rest of
Europe
Middle East
and North Africa
Middle
East
North
Africa
Yemen,
Rep. of
Turkey
Americas
Haiti
Nicaragua
Iran, Islamic
Rep. of
Iraq
Jordan
Syrian Arab
Republic
West Bank
and Gaza
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt,
Arab
Rep. of
Morocco
Tunisia
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Jamaica
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Lebanon
Oman
Saudi
Arabia
Libya
Antigua and
Barbuda
Argentina
Barbados
Belize
Chile
Costa Rica
Dominica
Grenada
Mexico
Panama
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
Trinidad
and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela, R. B. de
S T A T I S T I C A L
A P P E N D I X
Table A.51 Classification of countries by region and level of income (continued )
Europe and
Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
Income
group
Highincome
Subgroup
East and
Southern
Africa
West
Africa
East Asia
and Pacific
OECD
Australia
Japan
Korea, Rep. of
New Zealand
NonOECD
Brunei
French
Polynesia
Guam
Hong Kong,
Chinac
Macao,
Chinad
New
Caledonia
Singapore
Taiwan,
China
South
Asia
Eastern
Europe and
Central Asia
Rest of
Europe
Middle East
and North Africa
Middle
East
North
Africa
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Franceb
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United
Kingdom
Slovenia
Andorra
Channel
Islands
Cyprus
Faeroe
Islands
Greenland
Isle of Man
Liechtenstein
Monaco
San Marino
Americas
Canada
United States
Bahrain
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
United Arab
Emirates
Malta
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Bermuda
Cayman Islands
Netherlands
Antilles
Puerto Rico
Virgin
Islands (U.S.)
Note: For operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is GNI per capita. Every economy is classified as low income,
middle income (subdivided into lower middle and upper middle), or high income. Other analytical groups, based on geographic regions and levels of external debt, are
also used.
Low-income and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all
economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income
does not necessarily reflect development status.
This table classifies all World Bank member economies, and all other economies with populations of more than 30,000. Economies are divided among income groups
according to 2003 GNI per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. The groups are: low income, $765 or less; lower middle–income, $766–3,035;
upper middle-income, $3,036–9,385; and high income, $9,386 or more.
a. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
b. The French overseas departments French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion are included in France.
c. On July 1, 1997 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong.
d. On December 20, 1999 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Macao.
Source: World Bank data.
171