HST.583 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis MIT OpenCourseWare .

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HST.583 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis

Fall 2006

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HST.583: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis, Fall 2006

Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology

Course Director: Dr. Randy Gollub.

HST:583

Self Reference

fMRI Acquisition Lab1

Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli

TASKS:

Self Reference

Sensorimotor

Breath holding

Sternberg

Sternberg

Courtesy of Randy Gollub. Used with permission. Source: Yendiki,

A., R. L. Gollub, et al. "Multi-site Characterization of an fMRI

Working Memory Paradigm: Reliability of Activation Indices."

Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping,

Florence, Italy, June 11-15, 2006.

Breath holding

Sensorimotor

Courtesy of Gary Glover. Used with permission.


Cite as: Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, HST.583 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis, Fall 2006. (Massachusetts

Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed MM DD, YYYY). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA.

Self Reference Task

POLITE

Stimuli: Trait Adjectives

DARING

RUDE

DEPENDABLE

Cue:

“Does this word apply to you?” (self reference condition) or

“Is this word positive?” (semantic condition)



Self reference task design

Stimuli: trait adjective words

Words were drawn from Anderson’s (1968) list of normed trait adjectives. The lists were counterbalanced for word valence, length and number of syllables.

Presentation:

Words are presented in a blocked design. Each word is presented for 3 sec in blocks of ten and prior to each block onset subjects view a 2 sec cue describing their task for upcoming block. Each block is followed by 10 seconds of a rest condition. Each session has 2 blocks per self reference and 2 blocks per semantic conditions in the

ABBA format.

Total task time: 3min/session, 4 sessions or 12min



Schematic illustration of cortical midline structures (CMS)

Courtesy Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com

. Used with permission.

MOPFC = medial orbital prefrontal cortex (BA11, BA12)

VMPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex (BA10, 11)

PACC = pre and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (BA24, BA25, BA32)

SACC = supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (BA24, BA32)

PCC = posterior cingulate cortex (BA23)

Northroff, G., et al. ”Self-referential processing in our brain—A metaanalysis of imaging studies on the self.” NeuroImage 31 (2006): 440-457.



Activation in CMS observed in imaging studies during self related tasks in different domains.


. Used with permission.




Graphic representation of localizations of clusters

2

1


.

Used with permission.




Self Reference, Single Subject

(self-semantic)



Single subject

(4 sessions)



Single subject, one session only



Single Subject Data



Self reference, Group Analysis



Frontal regions are prone to susceptibility artifact



Phase maps:

The field map is a 2D gradient echo sequence which acquires an image at 2 different echo times. This sequence generates 2 types of images, a magnitude image and a phase map.

The phase map represents the phase differences of the spins which ultimately represent the local field inhomogeneities . You can display this map to see which regions are prone to susceptibility artifacts.





Sensorimotor Task

The task consists of a block design with block durations of 16s on/off. When checkerboard appears, subjects presses button using their right index finger and the off-block is fixation/no tapping.

There are 15 total, 16s blocks. (4 min)

On block parameters: ISI ranges from 500-1000ms, average ISI = 762ms, std. dev = 156ms.

21 checkerboard flashes per on block, each checkerboard flash duration = 200ms.

The sequence begins with an off block.Scanner triggers the paradigm

(after the dummy scans).

fBIRN ( functional biomedical informatics research network)



Source: Brodmann, 1909.



Motor and Visual Cortex

Motor cortex - BA4 shown in green

Visual cortex - BA 17,18,19 from rear view of brain

BA 17 is shown in red .

BA 18 is orange

BA 19 is yellow

You’ll see LEFT motor cortex (green), since the subject is responding with the right hand, and you’ll see bilateral visual cortex.

Brain surface extracted from structural MRI data (Wellcome Dept. Imaging Neuroscience,

UCL, UK). Brodmann Area data is based on information from the online Talairach demon

(electronic version of Talairach and Tournoux, 1988).



Example of Sensorimotor Task activation

(with visual, motor & auditory)

Note: This task has an additional auditory component so you see temporal lobe activation as well as motor and visual. In addition, the subject is responding with both hands so you see bilateral motor activation as opposed to only the left hemisphere motor

(contralateral to response hand)


fBIRN ( functional biomedical informatics research network)

Gary Glover, Stanford University



Breath Holding Task

This is a calibration task to measure subjects' global vascular reactivity.

The task consists of a block design with alternating on/off blocks of

16-second periods of breath holding and normal breathing.

During the off-block, the subject sees a green screen during which they are to breathe normally. During the last 2s of the off-block, the screen becomes yellow, signifying to the subject to take a deep breath in and hold. During the on-block (16s), the subject is shown a red screen, during which time they should hold their breath. The subject resumes breathing when they see a green colored screen.

15 total 16s blocks (4 min)

Total task time: 4:06



Breath holding calibration

• The entire gray matter volume is activated in each subject by the breath-holding task. This sample data is from Stanford’s 3T MRI shows the global response to holding one’s breath for 15 seconds.




Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm

(SIRP)

A Working Memory Task

Each block is composed of three epochs: learn, encode, and probe:

1.5 sec for the “learn” prompt followed by .5 sec blank screen

6 sec to encode the target digits ( [1, 3, 5] digit sets providing a range of task difficulty)

38 sec for the probe digits (sequential presentation of digits)

This means each working memory set lasts a total of 46 seconds.

A block of each set size occurs twice in random order within a single run working memory set is sandwiched between fixation blocks.

and each

The duration of the fixation blocks within a run is random:

Total time for all fixation blocks within a run = 78 seconds, (4,20)

(min time = 4 sec, max time = 20 sec)

Total scan time is thus 46 seconds*6 + 78 seconds+ 6 sec ddas = 360s

Total task time: 6:00min Time frames: 180



Sternberg Task:

Group analysis (n=10)

HIGH (5) – LOW(1) Working Memory Load:

Green regions: ROIs of 3 working memory related areas (DLPFC, DLPMC, IPS) and

1 control region (MTG)

IPS

(intraparietal sulcus)

DLPMC

(dorsal lateral premotor cortex)

DLPFC

(dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex)

MTG

(middle temp gyrus)

Courtesy of Randy Gollub. Used with permission. Source: Yendiki, A., R. L. Gollub, et al. "Multi-site Characterization of an fMRI

Working Memory Paradigm: Reliability of Activation Indices." Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping,




Courtesy of Randy Gollub. Used with permission. Source: Yendiki, A., R. L. Gollub, et al. "Multi-site Characterization of an fMRI

Working Memory Paradigm: Reliability of Activation Indices." Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping,




HST.583 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis MIT OpenCourseWare .

HST:583

fMRI Acquisition Lab1

Self Reference Task

Self reference task design

Stimuli: trait adjective words

Presentation:

Schematic illustration of cortical midline structures (CMS)

Activation in CMS observed in imaging studies during self related tasks in different domains.

Graphic representation of localizations of clusters

2

1

Self Reference, Single Subject

Single subject

(4 sessions)

Single subject, one session only

Single Subject Data

Self reference, Group Analysis

Frontal regions are prone to susceptibility artifact

Phase maps:

Sensorimotor Task

Motor and Visual Cortex

Example of Sensorimotor Task activation

Breath Holding Task

Breath holding calibration

Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm

(SIRP)

A Working Memory Task

Sternberg Task:

Group analysis (n=10)

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HST.583 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis MIT OpenCourseWare .

HST:583

fMRI Acquisition Lab1

Self Reference Task

Self reference task design

Stimuli: trait adjective words

Presentation:

Schematic illustration of cortical midline structures (CMS)

Activation in CMS observed in imaging studies during self related tasks in different domains.

Graphic representation of localizations of clusters

2

1

Self Reference, Single Subject

Single subject

(4 sessions)

Single subject, one session only

Single Subject Data

Self reference, Group Analysis

Frontal regions are prone to susceptibility artifact

Phase maps:

Sensorimotor Task

Motor and Visual Cortex

Example of Sensorimotor Task activation

Breath Holding Task

Breath holding calibration

Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm

(SIRP)

A Working Memory Task

Sternberg Task:

Group analysis (n=10)

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