-
rTn
T.
i n rl
"!
'T'h,::.c;;c;
n,-
B;=,Jl
r t
Tn
~
an
Ativic;oY
Tl"'lis r.l"'lt:w;=,ls
Stat,::. Univ,::.rsit:y
M.::lV
-
H.:l.
a.C)C)\
,
lC)C)l
5p C-, f , '
. ,.
Gnre-'Pey.
fa1:>r;r"'
o 11 t d 0
0
r
~J e
1;
.: >. c
1<
e
j n g gin g
ano
c:: lJ j
t
nylon
are
svi
S
11
in
sen
,!r"'t-;ve
.::le;::>ninrr
-- - "'.' i.:'·
.:;;.
r"'lnthes.
hnot-s
I]lnves
blood
artifici~l
Ult-rey;
vessels
artificjal
ligaments
'':;orj:::l-Tex
ber"'ause they are
readily
Orrl.er
This
on
Gore-'Pe~
t-han
snil
Ultr"'Y
resist-an,--e._
....
.::>nne.::>r.::>nr"'e
....- ..
-..
--
-
-
and
-
se,=qn
Gore-Tex Fabric
Gore-Tex
PTF~
(P'P;;';;'\
, - "- i
j n
eggs
was
ITanner,
from
frnm
first
most-
is
J91>l
Teflon.
is made
polytetrafluoroet-hylene
dis,--nvered by a
commonly vnown
DuPont
researcher
hv
its
.~
6S)
stir"'king to
also keen you dry wh""n
frvinrr
_ .. ;;
the
- --
yO!]
.;;
aye
n.::>n---
01lt-
--
in
in
the morning will
the ,.::>in.
,Joe
desccibes
Gore-Tey
in
the
P T F' F 's mol e
b3c1(bone
following·
C 1.11
ar
st r
11
r"' t
11
rei s
totally pr0t-ected
t h3t
0f
a
1 on g
by til]htly hnnderl
car b n n
,H
fluorinp
atoms,
oroperties
unl.ike
hvrlY'onhohi
r
- ... -".-
fle')t:ib1e
inert
a
Tn
~
working
a
insulatp wire
PTFE
anti
the
stretch
and
then
after
~obert
had
~-
~
-
tpmpercltures
.
i. r
n1;::,n
- ---
'T'hey
f.=>-i111res
one
to
them to
--..
~o
used
rods
of
the
various
slowJy tr:ied
to
stretr'h""d
night
sl.owl.y
yanked
took
1 \T ;::,nrl
-- -- -
r;::,,"pf111
- - -- -- -- -- -
to
could he
that
14?)
was
at
in
the
stretch
it
fall
the
of
1969
Teflon-
violentlv.
It
didn't
68\
too
pno11nh
"-
l;::,rnp
. ";';
p
mi'ltprii'll
"Late
frustration
pores
'1'h
they
thp
PTF~.·
(Ward
tr
of
them by heating
snapped
in
of
inc; '} 1 a tor .
membrane
Next,
reneated
HwateY-hating
P'T'F'F,
thin
softened
~---
material
hrod.d
(Vantiprhof'f
tpmnpr;::,tl1rps
---_ .. _ - -
other
r~Dge
broad
T.
~
into
it
O'let"
pvn;::,nrlinn
- ......... - - - -
on
material
W.
~
gives
is
electrica.}
noon
--
J 9 6 9.
any
that
-~".--~-"
and
whirh
smal
for
for
water
water
vapor
drops
to
..n;::,ss
to
-
... -.
pass
through
but
t:hrollgh
34'2)
small.
si?e
the W.
of
the
pores
inch
rliameter
a
drop
of
9
°
P0
1J
nd
Also.
c;
(1
f
in
Each
and
700
per
thp
windproof
~ore-'1'px
pore
and
is
times
fabric
s 'I 11 ;::, r
e
20,000
will
inch
-"
-
-
m""mhrane
they
larger
because
of
J>.rrorrlinn
membrane.
inrh
Gore-Tex
w ate r
and
the
squa r ",
per
water
mo 1 eC'J 1 e
pores
romr>anv
hillion
in
w;::,ternroof
---
Gore
T.
----.----
is
Gore-'T'ev
are
times
than
a
--
--
has
to
J
nine
of
000008
smaller
watpr
withstand
before
-
at:
th",
an
than
vapor
least
f~hri~
Gnre-Tex
Guide
Gor~-Tev
to
i~
mad~
contaminat~d
Gore-Te'l(,
~his
couJrl
_.
--
J,
as
it
t-o
r~t-urn
1
s.
nil
vapor
When
shr,l!ld
the
from
frying
contamination
fabrir
t-n
it-~
--
Tn
1978
fabrir
nl~onhnhir
-- ...- -- - - _. - -
contamin~te
known
as
Patent
second
occurred,
w~t-~rnroof
--- - -~-
to
i
Gore
f~.iJed
i\.ssoriates
ronvince
967
Tn
Inc
;;,ble
to
on
new
and
Gore-Tex
pat-ent-
in
1969
submitt-~rl
to
t-he
a
19R4
Garlock
0
J 'led
tn
Japanese
to
Gore-~~x's
improved
rourt-
patent
the
membrane
fabric
i~
fabrir.
Gore-Tev
we r e i n v
the
with
breat-habJ,e
improved
~vn~nrlerl
"";- -- --
Th~
applicat~ons
0ffire
Thi.~
generation
for
n
.-
f~hric
t-hp
new and
enter
s
apply
--
~nd
a~cording
w 011 1 d not
nil, c::
fabric.
information
PTFf<:
began
t-he
t- ;_. n
introrlDr~rl
was
so
t=:a
l~
-- .::l
-
fond
~
Gore-Tex
first
berom~
i s
-
was
Gore-Tpx
rr
:;,. l::l
- n. -
in 197(; anrl
hnrlvoi
fabri~
the
nnw kn0Wn
i n t- r nell.! red
oil.,
laminating
Gore-Tev
Fabrir
fabri~
hy
t-h~t
and
W
~
and
they did
United
St-ates
Inc
ina
1aw
~
get
ratent
and
lJ i t
r:!",rlncl<
~umitomo
EJectrir
anrl
of
not
GOT'""
patent
Gore
fo'('m
had
Indu~t-r;es'
Associate~'
1979
If
b~
could
shown.
p~ten~
Gore'c
Tmpra
In Way
company
their
srientists
-- --''';;'
-
--
~ 0
rl
resll]~
The
from
in
~ourt
Federal
m;:,te,-ial
--- --
specifica~ions
" f a, ;, led
rommiccioneri
-
nrorillre
,,;;.--
to
exactly.
States
medi.cal
e l' i n e
a,
w,
Phoenix
planning
to
,J a
.-
~he
TJltr""y
ic
marl.e
water-repellent
by
~
~
p].astic
romnarinr-r
- - ...... "- ._- ;;;
--
u~d
Th""
tha~
Tmnra
-;;"-
ted
pa~ent
Gore's
--
- -
re;er~ed
.
oJ
.•
-
.~
:i s
na~en~
-
"A l]lJ P ,
(C'nnca.r
rierision
Breathable Membrane
,T.=\
n a-- T\
--- e- c- e-
~he
mat e ria 1
n i q l! e
l' a n e s e
appeal
-~
ruled
hv
- ...
r he
lowinr-r
- .
.. :;;;
-,-
materials
Gore's
L
"-
rla,ims
1
--
team of
Gore-Tex when
in
1J
fn
a
was.::>
-infr;nrremen~
--- --- ._;;. - - - -
Other
invalid .
In
Tmnra
inriistinguishable
~he
.: >
he
in Tennessee
ri",1'ens,:;.,
patent
would
this
1?F.)
Fabrics
Rl1rl;n'J~on
Mi.}ls
finich
coa~in,g
s
a d her edt' 0
~ h
by
at
looKing
s
e
1} ,-
far e
the
Rllrl;nrr~on
-- -- - - J
- -
pounds
f
a
f abr i r
fahrics
TJ1
~rex
a
This
can
electrnn
~hrOllrrh
- . . ;... _.
nul
-... ('In
---
4.()
0
marle
wi,l)
hy
on '] y
be
observed
mirroscope
Burlington MillS
withstand
force
of
whi"h
nolVllr",than",
c()ntinn()n<::
Bion
n~rc:n;r~""';(Jn
.;
... -" _ . .. - -- "
r:1iff11S~C:
.
--
--
-"
-;;
-
the
rlir~rt-l\T
-- - - - .- -- --
Bi,..,n
(Trachtenb",rg 174)
-
~\T.:.n(")r.:.t~
--.; - -_. --. - -
film
th~
film thr,..,llrT"h
IT
is made by Biotex Industries
n~-,..,rln,...t-c:
- .- .
- - -
.-
which
fi.rm.
in
..
in
rlr~<::<::inrT
- -- -- -- -- :;:;;
fabrics
for
B 1.1 k fIe
fnr
lirili'~c::.'~
- .. -
outdo(")r wear
I
'Z
er
and
Dermoflev
B1Jkf'1",v
-
made hu
-
with
1 ()
9 )
HPlly-T~Ch.'
m;rrnnnrnl1c::.
- - ,,;- ----
hu
mE'r1e
-
th~
_. --
..;;
n(")l
....
"
-
,...,..,;~t-inn
-
anrl
i
c:
-
is
~,'
i n
h"
.
laminatert at
-
..
.:.nnli~d
- ...
--
-
polyester anrl
Neth",rlands
Shawmut Mills
in
1.1 <:: e t t c:
;,,,
is marle
.
..... r,..,ns,..,lt-ev
Sewing
; s
H~llu-Hanc:~n
- -- - _.- ...
........ - -
i t
Mas sa" h
IT
...
~
of'
ar~
\Tnr~t-h;~n~
- - _.- _. --.
,...,..,mn.:.n".
_. - .... -- --,..;
mad~
l1S~
1? h )
Sympatex.
I T
v
I. 1J n
- -
in r.=ln.=lda.
1.74)
Information
Pinning
fahric
t(") pass
will
"reat-e
t-hYOllgh ..
s""
the
fabric.
fahri
large
C
for
w""ulrl.
no
RnrlinrTt-,..,n'<::
- -
waterpro(")f
on TJltr",x
h""l~s
"'.''';
a
bal.l
point-
n",,,,dIe
-
-
- -
--
watl?r
longer be
T",chrlir.=ll
should b", 1)S",rt t-o
~"'w
th",
large pnnl1rrh
-
rr;:,rmpn't
- .. - ..,;
"-
J
n;:,c:c:
...: --"--
rlrnnc:
.-
.
-- --
-
~
'the c:earns will
-
~
--- -
rr;:,rmpnt-.
;;;
:insir1p of
----
----
--
g-3r ment
-
with
consists "f
fabric
i l.re
tri ("ot
kn.i t-
Petailer's Guidp t-0 Gnre-Tpy.
tha.t- h.:>.ue
It
i (:::.
0r arti("le
TP.:>r1y
made Gore-Tex
t-;:,np
.- ..
this
-
r10es not make spnse t-n haue ;:, wat-pr
inside rainwpar.
becauc:e
i't will
absorbing
fabri("
retain hody mnisture
cInse to the skin.
C-3re
Infnrmation
Burlington
rec0mmpnds
on
and
on
'the
the
~abric
face
can
be
side 0nly
t-hat
Ultrex be machine washeri
thp pprmanent
c:'tpam irnned with
Thp
fabric
~ress
a
should
c:p'tt-inrr.
-
medium
nn't
-
-
-
-'::i
.-
~etting
be dry
Bleach should not
llsed
softeners
should not
be stored until
p0wc:lereri det",rgent
a
sholllrl
in
co]"
DP
avoided.
water-
lnw setting or dripped
B.nd
that-
rf.=.rmpnt:;, _.. _...
and
completely dry.
~
Gore
it
be
b",
t-11tn1:>le
The purpose of the testing was to compare the
qualities and performances of some of
water repellent fabrics availaule
water resistance,
appearance,
fabrics.
nylon.
to
strength,
today.
I
compared the
soil resistance,
and the smoothness of
The fabrics
the waterproof and
general
the seams of
tested were Gore-Tex,
the
Ultrex and
The test procedures followed as close as possible
the procedures described in the 1990 edition of
Technical Manual of
the
the American Association of Textile
Chemists and Colorists.
Water Repellency
The water repellency of
the fabrics of
tested using AATCC Test Method
22,
the fabrics were
Water Repellency:
Spray Test.
Test Specimens
Three specimens
(7 X 7 inches)
were cut from each of
the three fabrics.
Procedure
The set up for
The fabric
the spray testing is shown
specimen was placed in a
embroidery hoop and placed at a
spray nozzle.
(250 mL.
45 degree angle
~s
to
the
six
The lest
the water be 80F.
temperature of the water was not checked;
room temperature.
1.
Distilled water
was sprayed onto the fabric.
method instructed that
figure
six inch
The center of the specimen
inches below the spray nozzle.
~n
After the spraying,
The
it was at
the specimens
were rated by comparing them to the AATCC Standard
Spray Test Ratings Chart shown in figure
2.
Results
Each of the fabrics
had a
rating of 90,
sticking or wetting of upper surface.
slight random
HOWeVE!r,
water drops did not stick to the Gore-Tex fabric
much as
they did to
the
as
the Ultrex and nylon fabric.
Fabric Strength
The strengths of the fabrics were tested using a
Scott
Tester.
Test Specimens
The specimens were 6 by 1.5 inches,
-
an
and a
quarter of
inch of the yarns were raveled off along the
inct sides of the specimen.
cut with the lengthwise yarns
s~x
Ten of the specimens were
in the long direction
and ten were cut with the crosswise yarns
in the
long
direction.
Procedure
The fabric
specimen was placed in the clamps of
Scott Tester.
The
when the pendulum
force was applied to the fabric
~s
pulled away from its original
vertical downward position.
A scale at the top
Scott Tester gives the amount of
took to break the fabric
-
sample.
force
fabrics were tested.
~s
3.
shown in figure
of
in pounds i t
Both wet and dry
strengths of the
Tester
the
The Sc:ott
the
.-
Results
wet
dry
65
Ibs.
52. 2 Ibs.
nylon lengthwise
62
Ibs
59. 8 1bs.
Gore-Tex cI:osswise
61 .2
Gore-Tex lengthwise
87. 8
.
Ibs .
Ultrex crossYlise
70 . 8 Ibs.
66
lbs .
Ultrex J_engt.hwise
77
68
Ibs.
nylon
All
cross",,~se
the
fabrics
force when wet.
direction withstood 77
pounds of
Ibs.
.8
Ibs.
Gore-Tex in the
It vias
able
force when dry and 96.8
Ultrex
pounds of
force when wet.
wet than dry,
96
the strongest.
to withstand 87.8 pounds of
1bs.
62
had good strength.
lengthwise direction was
pounds of
Ibs
in the
lengthwise
force when dry and 68
Gore-Tex is also stronger
and the Ultrex and nylon
not
stronger wet than dry.
the
fabric
fabrics were
It is advantageous
to be stronger wet,
for
since i t would most
likely be used in wet conditions.
Ultrex was
stronger
than the Gore-Tex in the crosswise direction.
Ultrex
in the crosswise direction withstood 70.8 pounds when
dry and 66 pounds of
withstood 61.2
force when wet.
Gorle-TE~x
pounds when dry and 62 pounds when wet.
The Ultrex and Gore-Tex differed more In its
lengthwise strength than in its crosswise strength.
Gore-Tex varied
-
the most
in its strength;
lengthwise grain of Gore-Tex was over
stronger
than its crosswise grain.
20
the
pounds
The great:est
stress in an item made of Gore-Tex should be put on
the lengthwise grdln.
The nylon was
less strong
than
both Gore-Tex and Ultrex except in the crosswise
The nylon withstood 65 pounds of
direction when dry.
force,
and the Gore-Tex withstood
61.2
pounds of
force.
Soil Release
The fabrics were tested for
stains during home
130-1981,
their ability to release oily
laundering.
Soil Release:
The AATCC Test Method
Oily Stain Release Method,
was
used.
Test Specimens
.-
Three test specimens
The
fabric.
~
2F)
were cut from each
test method instructed that the
be conditioned for
lC(70
(15 X 15 in.
a minimum of
and 65 + 2% RH,
and humidity level,
Due to available
four hours at
the standard
specimens
~
21
temperature
prior to application of stains.
facilities,
the specimens were
not
conditioned.
Procedure
The specimens were stained with wineral oil.
drops,
using a
medicine dropper,
placed on each specimen.
on
the stain for
A five
one minute.
of
Five
the oil were
pound weight was
left
The specimens were
washed with AATCC Standard Detergent 124 in 105F
water,
and they were
left in the dryer until dry.
May tag washer and dryer were used.
A
Then the residual
stains were rated by a
panel of
three people.
stains were compared to the stains in the
The
stain
release photographic replicas.
Results
The stains'
ratings are on a
scale of
being the worst stain release and
The ratings
stain release).
and Ultrex were 1.9,
the
fabrics
3.8
for
one to
five
(one
5 being the best
the nylon,
Gore-Tex
and 3.9 respectively.
All
of
had an extremely poor soil release rating.
The nylon had the best soil
release rating.
The
nylon s
better rating may have been due to its darker
color.
The nylon
fabric
was royal blue and the Ultrex
and Gore-Tex were turquoise.
have hid some of
The darker color may
the soil.
Fabric Appearance
The general appearance of the
fabrics
after repeated home
laundering was evaluated using AATCC Test Method
124-1989,
Appearance of Fabrics after Repeated Home
Laundering.
Test Specimens
Three specimens
the
(15 X 15 inches)
were cut from each of
fabrics.
Proced~re
The fabrics were washed on the wash and wear cycle
with warm water,
cold rinse;
AATCC Standard Detergent 12',
they were dried on
and a
the damp dry cycle.
May tag washer and dryer were used.
The fdbrics were
A
wash and dried a
appearance of
total
the
of
five
the
fabrics were evaluated by a
The appearance of
compared to the appearance of
Appearance replicas.
conditioned at
Ne;.;:t,
times.
the
panel of
fabrics
were
the 3-D Smoothness
The specimens were not
the standard temperature and humidity
level prior to evaluation as
the test method
instructed.
Results
The appearance of
1-5
the
fa~rics
were rated on a
scale of
(1 being the worst appearance and 5 being the best
The nylon had a
appearancej.
Gore-Tex had a
rating of 3.8,
The
and the Ultrex had a
The Gore-Tex and Ultrex fabrics
rating of 3.9.
had a
rating of 1.9,
both
fairly good appearance after repeated
laundering.
Ultrex had the best rating but only by
one ten t II of
d
r
d
till 9
1J. nit.
poor appearance rating.
The
The nylon had a
face
fabric
of
the Ultrex
lS
made of texturized nylon yarns,
of
the Gore-Tex appears to be made of texturized nylon
yarns.
The yarns
texturized.
in
the nylon
and the
rather
fabric
face
are not
The more texturized surfaces of
Ultrex and Gore-Tex could mask some of
the general appearance of
the
fabric
the
the wrinkles
in
fabrics.
Seam Smoothness
The smoothness appearance of seams
in the
fabrics
after
repeated home laundering were evaluated using AATCC Test
Method 88B-1989,
Smoothness of Seams 1n Fabrics after
Repeated Home Laundering.
Test Specimens
The seamed specimens were 15 X 4 inches with the seam
A Singer brand
running parallel to the 15 inch sides.
size 14 ball point
needle and Molnlycke polyester
thread were used to sew the seams.
double needle seams running in
Single needle and
the crosswise and
Three specimens
lengthwise direction were evaluated.
of each type were evaluated.
Proce<l'~re
The specimens were washed in a May tag washer using the
wash and wear cycle,
warm water,
AATCC Standard
Detergent 124 and cold water rinse;
they were dried
using the damp dry cycle on the May tag dryer.
The
washing and drying procedures were completed a
total
of
five times.
conditioned at
The test
specimens were not
the standard temperature and relative
humidity after washing and drying as the
instructed.
The smoothness of
evaluated by a
panel of
photographic replicas.
the seams were then
three observers.
compared the seams to the
test method
They
standard seam smoothness
The center of
the board
the specimens and replicas were mounted on was
approximately 5
-
feet
observers stood about
above the
four
feet
floor,
from
and the
the board.
that
Results
The seams were rated on a
being the least
scale of
one to
five
(one
smooth and 5 being the smoothest seam
appearancej.
~ingle
needle seams
double needle seams
nylon crOSS"l1.se
2
1.3
nylon lengthwise
2
1.4
Gore-Tex crosswise
3.9
4
Gore-Tex lengthwise
3.2
2.2
Ultrex crosswise
3 •3
3.6
Ultrex lengthwise
2 •7
3
The Gore-Tex had the smoothest seams except
flat
felled
seams 1n the
for
lengthwise direction.
Ultrex and Gore-Tex had fairly close ratings,
the
The
and they
both had smoother seams in the crosswise direction
than in the lengthwise.
ratings.
As
The nylon had
in the appearance of
poorer appearance of the
the
the poorest
fabric,
the
seams in the nylon fabric
be due to its untexturized yarns.
may
The
Gnre-Tex
of
performance
had
Ul~rey
imnnr~.:.n~
-- ..
-- - - - -- -
that
were
wi.nrlproofness
and
-..
-~--
their
nvlnn
... -
The
-
-
that
w.:.s
. "-
rrre.:.~lv
-- .- ..
fabrirs
~
-"
nvlnn
-- ... --
way
Onl~
...nrir~·
- --' - ,-
in
-
~
the
.
tested_
not
----
"-
in
~rrll.:.1
--
qualities
lillr.:.hi
1 i ~v
-_._--------.. were
~yn~nsive
- . - ...- - -- _.
-
-
~.
rrll.:.1i~ies.
- ... -- "- - . .". - ..- .
~
most
f.:.irlv
_. .-...
i.n
~
~ested
the
w~re
the
n~rfnrm.:.nr~
- -- -- - - .... _.... - ..
lesser
a
and
1.
-
I~or~-T""x
ea'::;~
---.-
~Ynensi"e.
---
l>tll
the
renellenrv
.• -- - -- 4.
~-
fabrics
Gore-Tex
The
for
a
had
lirv.
"- -..,;
the
of
fabrirs
All
fabric
the
nylon
Th~
-
-
~rrll.:.1
- '-;" - - -
-
in
their w,;.ter
bet~er
slightly
was
not
w.:.ter
three
hali
three
was
of
~h~
showed
gnnd
the
that
wea~est
fahrirs
th~
s~ain
~he
Gore-'l'ex
strongest.
fabri.r
the
s~r~nrr~h.
-- - --;.; - - - -
was
nf
shnwed
leas~
stronger
th~
of
Gore-Tex
had
possible
stain
bnth
a
~he
nylon
a
stain
r~lease
fairly
was
poor
ra~ing
release
three
rating
and
good
Tiltr~Y
had
the
th~
~he
The
three
1,
the
the
nylon
and
the
best
we~
the
~han
fabri.cs.
stains
nf
'in
Gore-Tex was
The
h';'.d
~~ough
significant
~hnllrrh.
- - - -:;; -
lengthwise direction was
only one
-
diff~r~nr~
be~ter
All
f.:.irlv
-.;.
-
but
ratings
were
nylon
fabrics
ITltrex
anli
worst
had
....
a
better
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--
_. -
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CTll.:>lit-u
--;;, - -- -- -- ....
,:,nd
nl"ir",,_
i:
-- -- -,
~
-
6" Plastic or Glass
Laboratory Funnel
r
Rubber Covering
for Ring Support
1,(
.•
0
~
--+-f- ~"
Dia. Rubber
Tubing 2" Long
Me.
e.
c(
L_-f-__~~"'''_~--H_ Aluminum Spray
.
Nozzle .035" Dia.
19 Holes
,
-~+- Fabric Sample
(7" x 7")
Metal Embroidery
Hoop (6" Dia.)
Metal HOlder
and Stand .
,-
S"
·1
(A)
.034" =: .002 Dia.
12 Holes on 27/32" P.C.
.034" =: .002 Dia.
6 Holes on 25/64" P.C.
.347" 0.0.
=: .010
•034" =: .002 Dia.
I Hole on Center
1.450"
± .010
.233"
±.005
Spray Nozzle
Mati. 24 Ga. Aluminum
o
~"5I.c.re.
Source:
1.281"
± .. 010
i
(Merkel
316)
,L
-
j
AATCC
',:
STANDARD SPRAY TEST
RATINGS
r··
(101501)
(90 ISO 4)
-
10· PARflAl WHTlNG OF WHOLE
OF UPF'~'. SURFACE.
100· uo 5110:1146 OR 1VU liNG
OF lJPJllR SURFACE.
~o·
Sll6tH RANDOM '.inCI<Ir~G I)r~
'fin rtH6 or U~PL R SUIU AU:
80 .-WEniNG or Uf'Ptn !;\JIH·AU
A1
o
(50 ISO ')
170 ISO 1)
SPR~ V POINl S.
50 .COMPU:U WElTING OF
OF UPPE'. SURFACE.
o .COMPLEU
lJPP£R AND
llJWEI~
AA TCC. I.SI.ICH TRIANGU ' •• k. N C
(Merkel
'W~,
WHTlNG OF WHOUi"
h. '.
Source:
'~\
317)
\
SURFACES,
Scale
,-
Chart
Holder
......1 - - - - Pointer to Scale
c:
=o ..
lO-
.r..:
CI"
w
PI!Indulum Arm
Strength
Axis
Chain
C
G>
E
CI
G>C
Weight
Holding
Clamp
:> .-
00.
:!:J
..
u
"1:8
- - - - Specimen
.s:;
I~
I~
Center of Gravity
of Pendulum Weight and Arm
I~
I~u
I~
Traversing Screw
I
I
Gear Box
Motor
Source:
,-
(1'o1erkel
170)
<::llmm.=.rv
of
- ....
-
-
-
-
-
--
Tpst
Pes111ts
W.=.ter rppellency test
All three fahrics received the same rating of 90
nr
wpttinn
of upper S11 r f.=. r
sli<}ht random stirkinn
. _ .. _.
....
..... :;:.
--
-
~
Strength test (Scott Tester'
1_ hs
nrv
Nylon rrnssw'se
-....
l1:>s.
Nylon lengthwise dry
62
61 2 lhs_
Gore-Tex crosswise nry
Gore-Tex lengthwise dry 87 8 Ihe:
7() R Ihs_
nltrex crnsswise nry
77
U]trey lengthwise dry
lhe:.
-
-
-
--
-
--
-
---
Soil release"
scale of l-S (l=wnrst,
Nylon
1 R
Gore-Tex
1
Ultrex
1
p
crosswise wet
lengthwise wpt
~ore-Tey
crosswise wet
~nre-Tey
1pnnthwisp
wet
-.
-- - _.;;;
.
- n1trey crosswise wPt
UItrAx lengthwise wet
Nylnn
-
-
-
-
-
--
---
-
-
52
59
96
1';":;
I;
8
Rome Laundering
--
Smoothness of
in fabrirs
sCA.lp of l-t:; (l=worst. 5=best)
Single needle seams
Nylon crOSSW"sP
'2
Nylon lengthwise
2
Gore-Tex crosswise
3.9
Gore-Tex lenrythwise 3_2
nltrey crosswise
3.3
Ultrex lengthwise
? 7
Price
Nylon
Gore-'T'i'>x
Ultrey
-.
'3
14
R
4 '3
7 '3
40
ner-ppr
per
~
-
s'I 'J are yard
sc;!lJ are y.q rd
Sqll a r,:::. ".=.
... --- rn.
T.'::>'I1nnpl-i
--- . - nn
;;;
--
--
Nv1nn r:rosswise
Nv1nn 1pnnthwisA
- - ;.;;
_.
-- Gore-Tex crosswise
Gor,:::.-Tex lengthwise
nltrex crosswise
Ultrex lengthwise
-
J,.
._-
-
._-
--
-
.- -
--
- - --.-
1
'3
1
4
4
?
'2
'3
6
'3
Ibs
Jbs
11:>s
1hs
1hs_
Ibs
6 '2
5=best)
Appearanre of Fabrirs aftpr Re~eatpd
sr;::,.1e nf l-t:; (1 =t.lorst,
5=best,
N"lnn
1.Cl
- .... . Gore-Tex
3 R
TJltrex
3.9
2
8
R
\'iorks Cited
Berger,
"New Rainwear that's Full of Holes.
Bob.
Mechanix Illustrated Dec.
Concar,
David.
(1990):
Lunzer,
1978:
108-109.
"Gore Weathers Storm.
Nature 345
282.
Francesca.
"Dry and cool."
Forbes
27 Aug.
1984:
126.
Merkel,
Robert S.
York:
T ext i 1 e
Pro d u c t
S e vic e a b i l i t ~~ N e I¥
MacMillin Publishing Company,
1991.
Technical Manual of the American Association of
Textile Chemists and Colorists.
-
Triangle Park,
Ne:
Jeffrey.
Forbes
24 Mar.
Vanderhoff,
Margil.
Ward,
Alex.
-
1990.
174.
Clothing:
NJ:
Concepts and Construction.
Prentice,
"An All-Weather Idea."
Magazine 10 Nov.
Research
"Give Them Stormy Weather."
1986:
Englewood Cliffs,
65.
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