The Poultry Informed Professional is published by the Department of Avian Medicine of the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. © 1999 Board of Regents
of the University System of Georgia except for: United States Government Publications:”Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Situation and Outlook” (Economic Research Service,
U.S.D.A); “Broiler Hatchery” and “Chicken and Eggs” (National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S.D.A.) © 1999 Bayer Corporation. Articles may
be reprinted with permission. For information or permission to reprint, contact Sue Clanton, (706) 542-1904.
January 2000
Issue 33
Published by the Department
of Avian Medicine, University of Georgia
Editor: Charles Hofacre, Associate Professor,
Department of Avian Medicine
Phone (706) 542-1904
Fax (706) 542-5630
e-mail: sclanton@arches.uga.edu
YSeptember
EAR IN REVIEW H
1998 — September 1999
ere is a summary of the past year’s Broiler Performance
and Condemnation Data by Region and Company.
Broiler Live Production Data
150
Average Co.
125
100
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
Feed cost/ton w/o color ($)
Continued on page 2
Contents
Broiler Performance Data (Region)
Live Production Cost
Feed cost/ton w/o color ($)
Feed cost/lb meat (¢)
Days to 4.6 lbs
Med. cost/ton (¢)
Chick cost/lb (¢)
Vac-Med cost/lb (¢)
WB & 1/2 parts condemn. cost/lb
% mortality
Sq. Ft. @ placement
Lbs./Sq. Ft.
Down time (days)
SW
Midwest
Southeast
MidAtlantic
S-Central
119.59•
11.36•
45•
2.54•
4.05•
0.05•
0.22•
3.66•
0.76•
6.25•
18
110.62•
10.78•
44•
1.61•
3.61•
0.02•
0.21•
3.90•
0.74•
7.62•
17
129.24•
12.51•
44•
2.86•
3.63•
0.12•
0.35•
4.69•
0.75•
6.99•
17
129.80•
12.86•
44•
3.07•
3.60•
0.08•
0.25•
4.42•
0.74•
7.40•
16
124.98•
11.99•
44•
2.68•
3.73•
0.09•
0.31•
4.82•
0.81•
6.83•
18
Data for week ending 12/18/99
Page 1 of 12
Year in Review...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pages 1-9
Broiler Performance Data
(Region)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1
Broiler Performance Data
(Company)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 2
Broiler Whole Bird
Condemnations (Region)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 2
West Nile Virus
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 10
Broiler Whole Bird
Condemnations (Company)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 10
Excerpts..“Broiler Hatchery”
“Chicken and Eggs” and
“Turkey Hatchery, ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 11
Meetings, Seminars and
Conventions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 12
Broiler Live Production Data
16
14
Average Co.
12
10
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
Feed cost/lb meat (¢)
URGENT REQUEST
We can no longer FAX copies of the
Poultry Informed Professional Newsletter.
To receive copies send your name, address,
phone number and E-mail address to
Sue Clanton at (706) 542-5630 or
E-mail to: sclanton@arches.uga.edu
Broiler Performance Data (Company)
Live Production Cost
Feed cost/ton
w/o color ($)
Feed cost/lb meat (¢)
Days to 4.6 lbs
Med. cost/ton (¢)
Chick cost/lb (¢)
Vac-Med cost/lb (¢)
WB & 1/2 parts
condemn. cost/lb
% mortality
Sq. Ft. @ placement
Lbs./Sq. Ft.
Down time (days)
Average
Co.
Top
25%
Top 5
Cos.
123.53
117.16
112.05
12.06
44
2.74
3.91
0.08
11.39
44
1.80
3.42
0.05
11.11
45
1.07
3.07
0.03
0.26
0.18
0.18
4.25
0.76•
6.78•
17
3.67
0.76
7.32
19
3.20
0.79
7.62
15
Data for week ending 12/18/99
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
% Septox
% Airsac
% I.P.
% Leukosis
% Bruise
% Other
% Total
% 1/2 parts
condemnations
SW
MidWest
S.
MidS.
East Atlantic Central
0.309•
0.093•
0.054•
0.006•
0.009•
0.024•
0.495•
0.341•
0.050•
0.072•
0.004•
0.006•
0.006•
0.478
0.293•
0.388•
0.318•
0.003•
0.022•
0.038•
1.062•
0.361•
0.147•
0.128•
0.019•
0.012•
0.016•
0.683•
0.333•
0.291•
0.177•
0.006•
0.017•
0.023•
0.647•
0.379
0.373
0.331
0.310
0.386
Data for week ending 12/18/99
Page 2 of 12
Broiler Live Production Data
50
Average Co.
45
40
Sep98
Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
Jul- Aug- Sep99
99
99
Days to 4.6 lbs
Broiler Live Production Data
3.2
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
Average Co.
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar98
98
98
98
99
99
99
Apr- May- Jun99
99
99
Jul99
Aug- Sep99
99
Med. cost/ton (¢)
Broiler Live Production Data
4.1
4
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
Average Co.
Sep98
Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
Chick cost/lb (¢)
Page 3 of 12
Jul99
Aug- Sep99
99
Broiler Live Production Data
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
Average Co.
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar98
98
98
98
99
99
99
Apr- May- Jun99
99
99
Jul99
Aug- Sep99
99
Vac-Med. cost/lb (¢)
Broiler Live Production Data
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Average Co.
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun98
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
Jul- Aug- Sep99
99
99
WB & 1/2 parts condemnations cost/lb
Broiler Live Production Data
8
6
4
2
0
Average Co.
Sep98
Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar98
98
98
99
99
99
Apr- May- Jun99
99
99
% Mortality
Page 4 of 12
Jul- Aug- Sep99
99
99
Broiler Live Production Data
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Average Co.
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar98
98
98
98
99
99
99
Apr- May- Jun99
99
99
Jul99
Aug- Sep99
99
Sq. Ft. @ placement
Broiler Live Production Data
8
Average Co.
6
4
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun98
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
Jul- Aug- Sep99
99
99
Lbs./Sq. Ft.
Broiler Live Production Data
20
15
10
5
0
Average Co.
Sep98
Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar98
98
98
99
99
99
Apr- May- Jun99
99
99
Down time (days)
Page 5 of 12
Jul- Aug- Sep99
99
99
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.8
0.6
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
0.4
0.2
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98
98
98
98
99
99
99 99
99
99
99
99
99
% Septox
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.8
0.7
0.6
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
% Airsac
Page 6 of 12
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
.025
0.2
.015
0.1
0.05
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98
98 98
98 99
99 99
99
99
99 99
99 99
% I.P.
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
% Leucosis
Continued on page 8
Page 7 of 12
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.045
0.04
0.035
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98 98 98 98 99
99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99
% Bruise
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.12
0.1
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Sep- Oct98
98
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
% Other
Page 8 of 12
Jul- Aug- Sep99
99
99
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
1.8
1.6
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98
98 98
98 99
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
% Total
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Region)
0.6
0.5
0.4
SW
Mid-West
S. East
Mid-Atlantic
S. Central
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep98
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
% 1/2 parts condemnations
Page 9 of 12
West Nile Virus
An outbreak of human illness due to a “West Nile-like” virus has been diagnosed in the New York City area that has caused
5 deaths and over 50 additional cases with viral meningitis. West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne virus that has never before
been diagnosed in the Western Hemisphere. The outbreak was detected in mid-August, and the last human case was
diagnosed on September 16th. Public health officials have encouraged people to take precautions to reduce exposure to
mosquitoes, and an intensive mosquito spraying program was implemented.
West Nile virus is within a large group of viral agents that are spread by biting arthropods, hence the classification
arthropod-borne virus or “arbovirus.” Originally discovered over 60 years ago in Uganda, West Nile virus has been found in
countries throughout Africa, the Middle East, southern Europe, the Mediterranean and Eurasia. Human illness usually manifests
as flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle soreness, sore throat, and rash. Severe cases involve inflammation of
the brain and meninges (meningeo-encephalitis) and heart (myocarditis). Overall mortality in people ranges from 3-15% and
is skewed toward the elderly.
West Nile virus has been isolated from over 40 species of mosquitoes and also some ticks. In nature, the virus cycles
between apparently healthy birds and biting mosquitoes, and birds are considered the maintenance vertebrate hosts for the
agent. The current problem in the New York area is unique from previous occurrences because wild birds actually are dying
from infection. Hardest hit have been American crows; crow mortality events have been seen in New York, Connecticut and New
Jersey. The New York Department of Environmental Conservation has examined over 70 confirmed cases. One well-publicized
site of recognition occurred at the Bronx Zoo where multiple bird species including a bald eagle, Chilean flamingos, exotic
pheasants, and an exotic cormorant died. Native birds with confirmed mortality include American crow, fish crow, bluejay,
laughing gull, American robin, rock dove, mallard, sandhill crane and black-crowned night heron.
Wildlife and public health authorities in the region are considering crows to be an “indicator” species for viral activity because
of their apparent susceptibility, and diagnostic investigations of bird mortality events are encouraged, particularly for corvids
such as crows, ravens and jays. The pattern for death losses in crows is an accumulation of individual bird mortalities over time
in contrast to a sudden event such as a pesticide poisoning. Therefore, even the deaths of a few crows may be significant.
Necropsy findings are non-specific and include weight loss, heart muscle necrosis, enlarged spleen and liver, hemorrhage in
the upper intestine and on liver surface, and occasionally, visible inflammation of the brain.
West Nile virus is not considered infectious to human beings via handling infected birds, but persons are encouraged to
avoid bare-handed contact with bird carcasses. Sick crows or crows dead less than 36 hours are considered suitable diagnostic
specimens. Carcasses should be double-bagged and refrigerated immediately for submittal to a diagnostic laboratory. If the bird
cannot be shipped within 24 hours, the bird should be frozen, preferable on dry ice. If a necropsy is performed, the desired
specimens include brain, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, liver and 1 ml of serum, all frozen on dry ice. The National Wildlife Health
Center in Madison, Wisconsin, is requesting notification of any unusual bird mortality (Dr. Linda Glaser, 608-270-2446, or Dr.
Kathryn Converse, 608-270-2445). If SCWDS can be of assistance, please contact us at 706-542-1741.
Submitted by Dr. Victor Nettles, Director, SCWDS
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Broiler Whole Bird Condemnation (Company)
% Septox
% Airsac
% I.P.
% Leukosis
% Bruise
% Other
% Total
% 1/2 parts condemnations
Average
Co.
Top
25%
Top
5 Co.'s
0.336•
0.191•
0.136•
0.010•
0.014•
0.020•
0.707•
0.347
0.263•
0.072•
0.060•
0.004•
0.012•
0.005•
0.416•
0.298
0.254•
0.096•
0.045•
0.004•
0.070•
0.002•
0.401•
0.296
Data for week ending 12/18/99
The University of Georgia is committed to the principle of affirmative
action and shall not discriminate against otherwise qualified persons on
the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, physical or mental handicap, disability, or veteran’s status in its recruitment, admissions,
employment, facility and program accessibility, or services.
The Poultry Informed Professional Newsletter is published with support from Bayer Corporation
Page 10 of 12
Excerpts from the latest
USDA National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS)
“Broiler Hatchery,”
“Chicken and Eggs” and
“Turkey Hatchery” Reports
Broiler Eggs Set In 15 Selected States Up Slightly
According to the most recent National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS) reports, commercial hatcheries in the 15-State weekly program set
in incubators 180 million eggs during the week ending December 25,1999.
This was up slightly from the eggs set the corresponding week a year earlier.
Average hatchability for chicks hatched during the week was 82 percent.
Broiler Chicks Placed Up 3 Percent
Broiler growers in the 15-State weekly program placed 144 million chicks
for meat production during the week ending December 25,1999. Placements
were up 3 percent from the comparable week in 1998. Cumulative placements from January 3. 1999, through December
25,1999, were 7.26 billion, up 2 percent from the same period a year earlier.
November Egg Production Up 4 Percent
U.S. egg production totaled 7.02 billion during November 1999, up 4 percent from the 6.72 billion produced in 1998.
Production included 5.96 billion table eggs and 1.06 billion hatching eggs, of which 997 million were broiler-type and 61.0
million were egg-type. The total number of layers during November 1999 averaged 328 million, up 3 percent from the total
average number of layers during November 1998. November egg production per 100 layers was 2,139 eggs, up 1 percent
from 2,109 eggs in November 1998.
All layers in the U.S. on December 1, 1999, totaled 329 million, up 3 percent from a year ago. The 329 million layers
consisted of 270 million layers producing table or commercial type eggs, 55.8 million layers producing broiler-type
hatching eggs, and 2.73 million layers producing egg-type hatching eggs. Rate of lay per day on December 1, 1999,
averaged 71.6 eggs per 100 layers, up 1 percent from the 70.8 a year ago.
Laying flocks in the 30 major egg producing states produced 6.59 billion eggs during November, up 4 percent from
November 1998. The average number of layers during November, at 309 million was up 2 percent from a year earlier.
Egg-Type Chicks Hatched Up 6 Percent
Egg-type chicks hatched during November totaled 33.1 million, up 6 percent from November 1998. Eggs in incubators
totaled 30.0 million on December 1, 1999, down 7 percent from a year ago.
Domestic placements of egg-type pullet chicks for future hatchery supply flocks by leading breeders totaled 282,000
during November 1999, up 30 percent from November 1998.
Broiler Hatch Down 1 Percent
The November 1999 hatch of broiler-type chicks, at 674 million, was down 1 percent from November of the previous year.
There were 614 million eggs in incubators on December 1, 1999, down 1 percent from a year earlier.
Leading breeders placed 6.98 million broiler-breeder-type chicks for future domestic hatchery supply flocks during
November 1999, down 4 percent from November 1998.
Turkey Eggs in Incubators on December 1 Up 2 Percent From Last Year
Turkey eggs in incubators on December 1, 1999, in the United States totaled 31.3 million, up 2 percent from December
1 a year ago. Eggs in incubators were up 9 percent from the November 1 total of 28.8 million. Regional changes from the
previous year were: East North Central, up 2 percent; West North Central, up 4 percent; North and South Atlantic,
unchanged; South Central, up 3 percent; and West, down 8 percent.
Poults Placed During November Up 6 Percent
The 23.5 million poults placed during November 1999 in the United States were up 6 percent from the number placed during the same month a year ago. Placements were up 5 percent from the October total of 22.3 million. Regional changes
from the previous year were: East North Central, up 6 percent; West North Central, up 10 percent; North and South Atlantic,
up 8 percent; South Central, down 2 percent; and West, down 6 percent.
Page 11 of 12
Meetings, Seminars and Conventions
2000
January
2000
March
Jan. 6-8: National Turkey Federation
Annual Convention, Hilton Walt
Disney World Hotel, Orlando, FL.
Contact NTF at (202) 898-0100
Jan. 16-21: Feed Tour 2000 — Watt
USA Feed Tour 2000, visiting top feed
mills in southeastern states plus IPE
2000 in Atlanta, Georgia USA. Contact:
CindyDitzler, Feed Tour 2000, 122
SouthWesley Ave., Mt. Morris, IL
61054-1497, USA,
Fax: +1 815-734-4201; e-mail:
wattfeedtour@hotmail.com;
website: www.wattnet.com
Jan. 17-18: Southern Poultry
Science Society Annual Meeting,
Atlanta, Georgia, Contact: Dr. Gene
Pesti, Department of Poultry Science,
Livestock and Poultry Building,
University of Georgia, Athens, GA
30602 USA, Phone: +1 706-542-1321;
Fax: +1 706-542-1827.
Jan. 19-21: 2000 International
Poultry Exposition, Georgia World
Congress Centre, Atlanta, Georgia,
USA. Contact: US Poultry & Egg
Association, 1530 Cooledge Road,
Tucker, Georgia 30084, USA.
Fax: +1 770 493-9257
March 4-7: 49th Western Poultry
Disease Conference. Capitol Plaza
Holiday Inn, Sacramento, CA.
Contact: Lina Layiktez at
530-757-3331; e-mail:
events@ucdavis.edu. Web site:
conferences.ucdavis.edu
March 9-11: 49th - Afia* Argo De
Las Americans. Expo Guadalajuara,
Jalisco, Mexico. Contact: Denuse C.
Selesnick, Agro Food Internatioal
Associates c/o International Trade
Information Inc., 23241 Ventura Blvd.
Suite 308, Woodland Hills, Calif.
91364-1003. Phone: 818-591-2255.
March 14-15: Feed Mill
Management Seminar, Nashville,
Tenn. Contact: U.S. Poultry & Egg
Association, 1530 Cooledge Road,
Tucker, Ga. 30094.
Phone: 770-493-9401.
March 15-16: 29th Annual Midwest
Poultry Federation Convention,
RiverCentre, St. Paul, MN. Contact:
Laura Ginsburg at 651-646-4553; Fax:
651-646-4554.
March 22-23: New England Poultry
Health Conference, Sheraton Hotel,
Portsmouth, NY; William Bell, William
Bell Assoc., Inc., P.O. Box 725,
Augusta, Maine 04330
March 22-23: WPSA (UK Branch),
Poultry Science Spring Meeting,
Scarborough, UK. Contact: Dr. Paul
Rose, Harper Adams University
College, Newport, Shropshire TF10
8NB, UK. Fax: +4 (0) 1952 815217
March 29-30: Nebraska Poultry
Industries Annual Convention, New
World Inn, Highway 30 and 81 South,
Columbus, NE. Contact: Nebraska
Poultry Industries, Inc., A103 Animal
Sciences, University of Nebraska, P.O.
Box 830908, Lincoln, NE 63583-0908.
Phone: 403-472-2051.
2000
February
Feb. 14-18: Pepa Annual Conv.,
Paradise Point Resort, San Diego,
Calif. Contact: Pacific Egg & Poultry
Association, 1521 I St. Sacramento.
Calif. 95814. Phone: 916-441-0801.
Feb. 16-17: NGFA Conv. & Industry
Show, Holiday Inn Kearney, Neb.
Contact: Nebraska Grain & Feed
Assn., 1233 Lincoln Mall, Suite 200,
Lincoln, Neb. 68508-3911.
Phone: 402-476-6174.
Feb. 22-23: Antimicrobial Resistance
Wkshp., DoubleTree Hotel, Rockville,
Md. Contact: U.S. Food & Drug
Administation, Center for Veterinary
Medicine, Office of Management and
Communications, HFV-12, 7500
Standish Place, Rockville, Md. 20855.
Phone: 301-594-1755.
Feb. 24-25: VSFA Annual Mtng.,
The Homestead, Hot Springs, Va.
Contact; Virginia State Feed Assn.,
3437 Grandview Drive, Richmond, Va.
23225-1201.
Phone: 804-272-5333.
2000
April
April 5-7: Food Irradiation 2000, “A
food safety process for the new millennium”, will be held at the Sheraton
National Hotel in Arlington, Virginia
(Washington DC). Contact: Deborah
Crommett, Conference Co-ordinator,
Intertech Conferences, 411 US Route
One, Portland, Maine 04105 USA,
Fax + (207) 781-2150.
Page 12 of 12
April 12-13: Poultry Industry
Exhibition, Western Fairgrounds,
London, ON. Sponsored by the
Ontario Poultry Industry Council.
Contact Phone: (519) 837-0284;
Fax: (519) 837-3584;
e-mail: pic@easynet.ca
April 18-21: VIV China, International
Trade Fair for Intensive Animal
Production and Processing. Contact:
Mr. Richard de Boer, Product
Manager VIV Royal Dutch Jaarbeurs,
PO Box 8500, 3503 RM Utecht, The
Netherlands, Fax: +31 30 295 5709.
2000
May
May4-5: National Breeders
Roundtable, St. Louis, Mo. Contact:
U.S. Poultry & Egg Assoc., 1530
Cooledge Road, Tucker, GA 30094.
Phone: 770-493-9401.
2000
June
June 1-3: AP&EA Convention,
Birmingham, AL. Contact: Alabama
Poultry & Egg Association, P.O. Box
240, Montgomery, AL 36101-0240.
Phone: 334-265-2732
June 9-10: Ark. Poultry Festival,
Arlington Hotel, Hot Springs, Ark.
Contact: Judy Kimbrell, Poultry
Federation, P.O. Box 1446, Little
Rock, Ark. 72203.
Phone: 501-375-8131
2000
July
July 2-6: Xth International
Congress on Animal Hygiene,
Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Contact: Royal Netherlands Veterinary
Association, P.O. Box 14031, NL-3508
SB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Fax: +31 30 251 1787
July 6-14: XXth Gala International
Symposium/Workshop on Rapid
Methods and Automation in
Microbiology. Manhattan, Kansas,
Contact: Daniel Y.O. Fung, Kansas
State University, Manhattan, KS
66506-1600. Phone: 785-532-5654;
Fax: 785-532-5681;
dfung@oz.oznet.ksu.edu:
http://www.dec.ksu.edu/dec/con/micro
ciology