Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
1 Basic Concept — Developing a Dynamic Defense Force
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
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Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
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Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
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Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
2 Basic Principles of Japan’s Security
3 Basic Policies to Ensure Japan’s Security
Chapter 2
1 Japan’s own Efforts
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
1
This is the U.S. deterrence against attacks on allies and friendly nations of the U.S. such as Japan. Deterrence against attacks on the U.S. itself is called the basic deterrence.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
2 Cooperation with its Ally
Multilayered Security Cooperation with
3 the International Community
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
1
154
This is the basic policy for participation in U.N. peacekeeping forces (See Part III, Chapter 3, Section 3, Fig. III-3-3-3).
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
4 The Roles of Defense Forces
Chapter 2
Reference
Efforts to Further Stabilize the Security
2 Environment of the Asia-Pacific Region
2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
1 Effective Deterrence and Response
A phenomenon in which an infectious disease spreads throughout the world in a short period of time.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Reference
3 Improvement of the Global Security Environment
Reference
1
156
See Part III, Chapter 3, Sections 1-5.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
5 Specific Details of Defense Forces
2 SDF Organization, Equipment and Force Disposition
1 SDF Posture
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
1
158
While there is no fixed definition, “functions with asymmetrical response capabilities” refer to functions that can respond to hostile activities while efficiently and effectively maintaining
advantage over the enemy, such as warning and surveillance carried out by a highly stealthy submarine against an enemy surface vessel. “Non-replaceable functions” refer to functions
that, if they did not exist, the ability to respond to attacks by the enemy capable of causing severe damage would be lost completely, such as a ballistic missile defense (BMD) system.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
2
Joint GSDF, MSDF, and ASDF units under the direct control of the Minister of Defense when unified joint operation is necessary to carry out the mission smoothly.
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ASDF
[MSDF] Security of the surrounding waters
Collection of information and development of warning and surveillance systems
Chapter 2
� Increase in number of moving warning radar (2�3 at Naha Air Base)
� Development of infrastructure for the constant and continuous operation of early warning aircraft (E-2C)
Speedy deployment and improving response capability
� Introduction of new transportation aircraft that will serve as back-up aircraft for the existing transportation aircraft (C-1)
� Enhancing information collection and warning and
surveillance/patrol through increasing submarine
strength
� Putting destroyers deployed in the region into mobile
operation (use flexible in the Southwest region)
� Strengthening the activity platform for destroyers
and submarines (increasing the number of oil
tankers in Okinawa (Katsuren))
� Strengthening surveillance through the introduction
of patrol unit P-1
Improving air defense capability
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
� Restructuring fighter units on Naha Air Base, from single aircraft units to dual aircraft units
� Allocation of PAC-3 to Okinawa Island and PAC-2 upgrade
Amami Oshima Island
GSDF
Okino Erabu Island
Speedy deployment and improving response capability
� Restructuring of the 15th Expeditionary Brigade in order to further
enhance responsiveness and air transport capabilities, etc.
� Implementation of expeditionary training toward speedy
deployment of troops to Japan’s offshore islands.
Okinawa Island
Kume Island
Enhancement of air defense capability
� Abolishment of the 6th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group, and newly
establishing an anti-aircraft artillery unit with a medium-range
surface-to-air missile in the 15th Expeditionary Brigade.
Miyako Island
Yonaguni Island Ishigaki Island
Iriomote Island
Legend:
[ASDF] Security of the surrounding waters
� Upgrading from old types of fixed three-dimensional
radar to new models of fixed three-dimensional radar.
GSDF garrison camp
MSDF Base
ASDF Base
[GSDF] Developing systems for collection of information and warning and surveillance systems
Radar site
U.S. Forces’ Base
0
200km
� Placing surveillance units along the coast
� Implementing restructuring projects for units in charge of making the first moves
Overview of strengthening defense in the Southwest region (within the period of the new NDPG)
160
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Fig. II-2-3-1
Changes in the target authorized number of personnel and main equipment numbers
Number of ready
reserve personnel
15,000
Number of ready
reserve personnel
7,000
Number of ready
reserve personnel
7,000
Tanks
Number of ready
reserve personnel
8,479
Approx. 1,200
Approx. 900
Approx. 400
Chapter 2
Approx. 600
1976 NDPG 1995 NDPG 2004 NDPG New NDPG
Regular SDF
personnel capacity
145,000
Regular SDF
personnel capacity
148,000
Regular SDF
personnel capacity
147,000
Regular SDF
personnel capacity
151,641
1976 NDPG
1995 NDPG
2004 NDPG
New NDPG
FY2010 Budget
(Reference)
Authorized number
of SDF personnel
180,000
Authorized number
of personnel
160,000
Authorized number
of personnel
155,000
Authorized number
of personnel
154,000
Authorized number
of personnel
160,120
Approx. 1,000
batteries/tank
Approx. 900
batteries/tank
Approx. 600
batteries/tank
Approx. 400
batteries/tank
1976 NDPG 1995 NDPG 2004 NDPG New NDPG
*In the new NDPG, excluding surface-to-surface
missile, regarded as artillery. The Quantity in the 2004
NDPG was set as the goal for FY2014.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Artillery (Main artillery)
161
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Fig. II-2-3-2
Units deployed in region
in times of normalcy
Structure of major units (at the formulation of the new NDPG)
[Current system]
[New NDPG]
8 expeditionary brigades
6 expeditionary brigades
(No changes)
Headquarters of
the Northern Army
(Sapporo)
Central Readiness Force
1 armored division
(No changes)
Surface-to-air
missile units
8 anti-aircraft
artillery groups
7 anti-aircraft artillery
groups/regiments
8th anti-aircraft artillery group (Aonohara)
3rd anti-aircraft artillery group (Iizuka)
Division #13
(Kaitaichi)
7th anti-aircraft artillery group (Takematsu)
Chapter 2
Division #8
(Kita-Kumamoto)
Division #5
(Obihiro)
Division #14
(Zentsuji)
Division #10
(Moriyama)
Division #3
(Senzo)
Headquarters of
the Middle Army (Itami)
Division #7
(Higashi-Chitose)
Division #9
(Aomori)
Division #12
(Sagamihara)
Central
Readiness
Force
(Asaka)
1st anti-aircraft artillery
group (Higashi-Chitose)
5th anti-aircraft artillery group (Hachinohe)
Division #6
(Jinmachi)
Division #1
(Nerima)
Headquarters of the
Northeastern Army (Sendai)
2nd anti-aircraft
artillery group (Matsudo)
Headquarters of
the Eastern Army
(Asaka)
Headquarters of the Western Army (Kengun)
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Division #15
(Naha)
3
162
Division #2
(Asahikawa)
Division #11
(Makomanai)
Mobile operation units
Division #4
（Fukuoka)
4th anti-aircraft artillery group (Nayoro)
6th anti-aircraft artillery group (Yaese)
In the 2004 NDPG, howitzers, Multiple Launch Rocket Systems, and surface-to-ship missiles were categorized as “main artillery” whereas the new NDPG categorizes these, with the
exception of surface-to-air missiles, as “howitzers and rockets.”
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
Changes in the Structure of Units Deployed in the Region
In consideration of
the possibility of the
sudden occurrence of
events amidst the
current security
environment, it is
Maizuru
Ominato
necessary to station
at least one
highly-skilled
destroyer in each
security zone. In
order to facilitate the
constant presence of
Kure
Yokosuka one highly-skilled
Sasebo
destroyer in each
security zone, a
destroyer unit
comprosing 3
destroyers is
Number of destroyers required = 3 × 5 security zones = 15 deployed to each unit.
2004 NDPG
In consideration of
the need to
strengthen warning
and surveillance in
the Southwestern
region, and to
expand
international
operations and
extend them into
the long-term, a
structure that
corresponds to skill
levels is adopted,
and 8 highly-skilled
destroyers are
secured.
New NDPG
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Fig. II-2-3-3
Number of destroyers required = 4 × 4 skill levels = 16
=Highly-skilled destroyers that have passed
through the repair and training phases
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Fig II-2-3-4
Structure of Submarine Units
2004 NDPG
Sea of Japan
2nd Submarine
Flotilla (Yokosuka)
East China Sea
1st Submarine
Flotilla (Kure)
Note:
The deployment areas circled
in red are only a pictorial
representation, and are not
the actual deployment areas.
Number of destroyers required is 16 (4 units)
To facilitate the
prior detection of
new threats and
various
situations in the
areas
surrounding
Japan, the
structure allows
for the
deployment of
submarines for
the collection of
information and
other operations
along the key
marine routes in
the East China
Sea and the Sea
of Japan.
New NDPG
Sea of Japan
2nd Submarine
Flotilla (Yokosuka)
East China Sea
1st Submarine
Flotilla (Kure)
Note:
The deployment areas circled
in red are only a pictorial
representation, and are not
the actual deployment areas.
Alongside the
continued
deployment of
submarines
along the key
marine routes
of the East
China Sea and
the Sea of
Japan, the
structure will
also facilitate
the
strengthening
of information
collection and
warning and
surveillance
functions in the
Southwestern
region.
Number of destroyers required is 22 (6 units)
Chapter 2
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164
Although the level of authorized strength has been reduced as a result of incorporating the warning group into the warning squadron, the personnel cuts have been redirected into efforts
such as strengthening fighter interceptors, which conduct such operations as interceptor control based on information obtained from radar sites, in an effort to strengthen warning and
control functions in general.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Fig. II-2-3-5
Structure of the Air Warning and Control Unit (at the formulation of the new NDPG)
Wakkanai
Abashiri
[2004 NDPG]
Air warning and control unit: 8 surveillance groups
20 surveillance units
Airborne early warning group: 2 flight squadrons
Tobetsu
Nemuro
Okushiri Island
[New NDPG]
Air warning and control unit: 4 surveillance groups
24 surveillance units
Airborne early warning group: 2 flight squadrons
Erimo
Ominato
Kamo
Misawa
Yamada
Sado
E-2C
Wajima
Otakineyama
Takaoyama
Mishima
Unishima
Kyogamisaki
Mineokayama
Kasatoriyama
Omaezaki
Sefurisan
Fukuejima
Kushimoto
E-767
Takahatayama
Radar site
Radar site (for response to BMD)
Kumejima
Yozadake
(Scheduled to be completed in FY2011)
In red: Surveillance groups
In black: Surveillance units
Miyakojima
In blue：Surveillance flight squadrons
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Okinoerabujima
Chapter 2
Hamamatsu
Shimo-koshikijima
165
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Fig. II-2-3-6
Deployment of Fighter Units (at the formulation of the new NDPG)
[2004 NDPG]
Fighter units:
12 flight squadrons
Number of fighters: Approx. 260
[New NDPG]
Fighter units:
12 flight squadrons
Number of fighters: Approx. 260
� Maintain at a level of 12 flight squadrons
� Keep the number of flight squadrons
at Naha Air Base at 2, in order to
strengthen immediate responsiveness
in the Southwestern region
� Deploy new fighters with a high degree
of capability
Chitose
Northern Air Defense Sector
Misawa
Komatsu
Tsuiki
Hyakuri
Central Air Defense Sector
Deployment of fighter units (at the formulation of the new NDPG)
Armies
Western Air Defense Sector
Nyutabaru
Northern Army
of the ASDF
Units (Air bases)
2nd Air Wing (Chitose)
3rd Air Wing (Misawa)
Naha
Southwestern Air Defense Sector
Middle Army
of the ASDF
Western Army
of the ASDF
Chapter 2
Combined Brigade of the
Southwestern Army of the ASDF
6th Air Wing (Komatsu)
7th Air Wing (Hyakuri)
8th air Wing (Tsuiki)
Flight squadrons
Aircraft type
201st Flight Squadron
F-15
203rd Flight Squadron
F-15
3rd Flight Squadron
F-2
8th Flight Squadron
F-2
303rd Flight Squadron
F-15
306th Flight Squadron
F-15
302nd Flight Squadron
F-4
305th Flight Squadron
F-15
304th Flight Squadron
F-15
6th Flight Squadron
5th Air Wing (Nyutabaru) 301st Flight Squadron
83rd Flight Squadron
(Naha)
204th Flight Squadron
F-2
One flight
squadron
moves to
Naha
F-4
F-15
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6
166
Renovations are scheduled for the existing Aegis desroyers Atago and Ashigara so that they can be equipped with the highly expandable Aegis BMD system and other hardware.
Fire Unit (smallest firing unit of the surface-to-air guided missile units).
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Fig. II-2-3-7
System of Defense Against Ballistic Missiles
Surface-to-air PATRIOT guided missile system (PAC-3)
Destroyers mounted with Aegis systems
＋
3rd anti-aircraft
artillery group
(Chitose)
Re-deployment
of PAC-3 unit
6th anti-aircraft
artillery group
(Misawa)
1st anti-aircraft
artillery group
(Iruma)
2nd anti-aircraft
artillery group
(Kasuga)
In addition to the existing “KONGOU” class Aegis destroyers, two
“ATAGOU” class Aegis destroyers are newly fitted with BMD
capability to strengthen the response system against ballistic
missiles.
Anti-aircraft artillery group
5th anti-aircraft
artillery group
(Naha)
Equipment replenishment unit
Command post operation unit
Group headquarters
Anti-aircraft
artillery group×4
groupa×4
Chapter 2
In addition to new improvements to one
anti-aircraft artillery group to convert it to
PAC-3 for the 5th Anti-Aircraft Artillery
Group (Okinawa), through the
re-deployment of existing PAC-3 units, all
anti-aircraft artillery groups are
redeployed to PAC-3.
“ATAGOU” Class: 2
Structure of one anti-aircraft
artillery group
4th anti-aircraft
artillery group
(Gifu)
Improvement on one anti-aircraft
artillery group to PAC-3
“KONGOU” Class: 4
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Category
1976 NDPG
Major units
New NDPG
160,000
145,000
15,000
155,000
148,000
7,000
154,000
147,000
7,000
12 divisions
2 combined brigades
8 divisions
6 brigades
8 divisions
6 brigades
8 divisions
6 brigades
1 armored division
1 artillery brigade
1 airborne brigade
1 combined
training brigade
1 helicopter brigade
1 armored division
1 armored division
Central Readiness Force
1 airborne brigade
Central Readiness Force
1 armored division
1 helicopter brigade
Ground-to-air guided
missile units
8 anti-aircraft artillery
groups
8 anti-aircraft artillery
groups
8 anti-aircraft artillery
groups
7 anti-aircraft artillery
groups
Tanks
Artillery (Main artillery)1
(About 1,200)2
(About 1,000/vehicle)2
About 900
(About 900/vehicle)
About 600
(About 600/vehicle)
About 400
(About 400/vehicle)
Regionally deployed units
in peacetime
Main
equipment
2004 NDPG
180,000
Authorized personnel
Regular
Ready reserve
GSDF
1995 NDPG
Mobile operation units
Major units
Main
equipment
MSDF
Destroyer units
4 escort flotillas
(Regional units) 7 units
6 divisions
1 minesweeper flotilla
(Land-based)13 squadrons
4 escort flotillas (8 divisions)
5 divisions
4 divisions
1 minesweeper flotilla
9 squadrons
About 60 ships
16 ships
About 220 aircraft
About 50 ships
16 ships
About 170 aircraft
47 ships
16 ships
About 150 aircraft
48 ships
22 ships
About 150 aircraft
28 warning groups
1 squadron
8 warning groups
20 warning squadrons
1 squadron
8 warning groups
20 warning squadrons
1 airborne warning squadron
(2 squadrons)
4 warning groups
24 warning squadrons
1 airborne warning squadron
(2 squadrons)
Fighter units
(Fighter-interceptor units)
(Support fighter units)
10 squadrons
3 squadrons
9 squadrons
3 squadrons
12 squadrons
12 squadrons
Air Reconnaissance Units
1 squadron
1 squadron
1 squadron
1 squadron
Air Transport Units
Air refueling/transport units
3 squadrons
3 squadrons
3 squadrons
1 squadron
3 squadrons
1 squadron
6 groups
6 groups
6 groups
6 groups
About 430 aircraft
(About 360 aircraft)2
About 400 aircraft
About 300 aircraft
About 350 aircraft
About 260 aircraft
About 340 aircraft
About 260 aircraft
Aegis-equipped destroyers
—
—
4 ships
6 ships4
Aircraft control &
warning units
Surface-to-air guided
missile units
—
—
—
—
—
—
7 groups
4 squadrons
3 groups
11 surveillance groups/units
Destroyers
Submarines
Combat aircraft
Major units
Surface-to-air guided
Missile Units
Main
equipment
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
ASDF
Chapter 2
168
4 escort flotillas
(Regional units) 10 units
6 divisions
2 minesweeper flotillas
(Land-based)16 squadrons
(for mobile operations)
(regional district units)
Submarine units
Minesweeping units
Patrol aircraft units
Aircraft control &
warning units
Main
equipment &
major units
which can
also be used
in ballistic
missile
defense 3
4 escort flotillas (8 divisions)
4 destroyer units
Combat aircraft
(fighter aircraft)
6 submarine units
1 minesweeper flotilla
9 flight squadrons
6 groups
Notes: 1. “Main equipment and major units that can also be used in defense against ballistic missiles” refers to the number of main equipment in the MSDF or number of major units in the ASDF.
2. Although not stated in the 1976 NDPG, it is listed here for comparison with the NDPG table after 1995.
3. Categorized as main artillery up till 2004 NDPG, but categorized in the new NDPG as artillery except for surface-to-air guided missile units.
4. With regard to destroyers fitted with Aegis system and ballistic missile defense functions, taking into consideration factors such as the development of ballistic missile defense technology and financial matters, in the event that numbers are set separately, it is possible that additional deployment is carried out within the range of the number of destroyers stated above.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
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Other units1
The International Peace
Cooperation Activities
Training Unit
The Central NBC Weapon
Defense Unit
The Special Forces Group
The CRF
The 1st Helicopter Brigade
The 1st Airborne Brigade
Headquarters and
Headquarters units
Note 1: The Golan Heights Transport Units and the Haiti International Relief Units
are organized and dispatched as PKO missions under the command of a CRF
commander. In addition, the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
(UNDOF) headquarters personnel, the United Nations Integrated Mission in
East Timor (UNMIT) headquarters personnel, the United Nations Mission in
Sudan (UNMIS) headquarters personnel, and the Ground SDF personnel on
duty with the Maritime SDF-dispatched Air Patrol Squadrons engaged in
anti-piracy activities are all dispatched from the CRF.
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Central Readiness Force (CRF)
169
Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
6 Basic Foundations to Maximize Defense Capability
1 Effective Utilization of Human Resources
Chapter 2
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170
Measures for Improving and Strengthening
2 the Material Foundation
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Chapter 2
(Age)
60
60
FY1990
55
55
Officers
Warrant officers/
Sergeants
Privates
50
45
45
40
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
0
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
(Number of personnel)
Officers
Warrant officers/
Sergeants
Privates
50
40
15
FY2010
15
0
4,000
8,000
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
(Age)
12,000
16,000
(Number of personnel)
Grade and age composition for SDF personnel (overall)
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Chapter 2
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
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Part II The Basics of Japan’s Defense Policy and Build-up of Defense Capability
Relationship between Defense Facilities and
3 Local Communities
Chapter 2
7 Additional Elements for Consideration
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
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COMMENTARY
Q&A
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Start of Development
Participants
1994
U.S., France, Germany,
Italy, Spain
Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile
(ESSM)
1995
Ten countries
including the U.S.,
Germany, Spain,
and Australia
Fighter (F-35)
2000
Nine countries
including the U.S. the U.K.,
the Netherlands, and Italy
Unmanned drone
(Euro Hawk)
2005
U.S., Germany
Section 3 Content of the New NDPG
The New National Defense Program Guidelines
Communications system
(MIDS)
Chapter 2
Equipment
VOICE
175