FOOD CONSUMPTION AND
EXPENDITURES
Store and trading center, San Joaquin Valley, California, April 9, 1940
Marketing Bill and Farm Value Components of Consumer Expenditures for Domestically Produced
Farm Foods
Consumer expenditures
Year
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
At Home1
Total
44.0
49.2
50.9
51.0
51.1
53.1
55.5
58.3
61.0
63.6
66.9
68.7
71.3
74.0
77.5
81.1
86.9
91.6
96.8
102.6
110.6
114.6
122.2
138.8
154.6
167.0
183.3
190.9
216.9
245.2
264.4
287.7
298.9
315.0
332.0
345.4
359.6
375.5
398.8
419.4
449.8
465.1
474.5
489.2
512.2
529.5
546.7
566.5
585.0
625.3
661.1
687.5
709.4
744.2
788.9
-------------56.0
58.5
60.2
64.0
66.8
69.5
73.1
78.2
80.6
85.4
98.5
109.5
116.2
127.2
130.8
149.2
169.4
180.1
194.0
196.7
204.6
213.1
220.8
226.0
230.2
242.1
255.5
276.2
286.1
289.6
294.9
308.7
316.9
328.0
339.2
346.8
370.7
390.2
403.9
416.8
437.2
463.5
Away from
Home2
Marketing Bill
Billion dollars
-26.0
-28.7
-30.5
-31.5
-32.3
-34.4
-36.3
-37.9
-39.6
-42.4
-44.6
-45.7
-47.6
18.0
49.9
19.0
52.6
20.9
54.0
22.9
57.1
24.8
62.4
27.3
65.9
29.5
68.3
32.4
75.1
34.0
78.5
36.8
82.4
40.3
87.1
45.1
98.2
50.8
111.4
56.1
125.0
60.1
132.7
67.7
147.4
75.8
166.0
84.3
182.7
93.7
206.0
102.2
217.5
110.4
229.7
118.9
242.2
124.6
259.0
133.6
270.8
145.3
285.1
156.7
301.9
163.9
315.6
173.6
343.6
179.0
363.5
184.9
369.4
194.3
379.6
203.5
402.6
212.6
415.7
218.7
424.5
227.3
444.6
238.2
465.4
254.6
503.1
270.9
537.8
283.6
557.5
292.6
576.9
307.0
604.0
325.4
633.4
Farm Value
18.0
20.5
20.4
19.5
18.8
18.7
19.2
20.4
21.4
21.2
22.3
23.0
23.7
24.1
24.9
27.1
29.8
29.2
30.9
34.3
35.5
36.1
39.8
51.7
56.4
55.6
58.3
58.2
69.5
79.2
81.7
81.7
81.4
85.3
89.8
86.4
88.8
90.4
96.8
103.8
106.2
101.6
105.1
109.6
109.6
113.8
122.2
121.9
119.6
122.2
123.3
130.0
132.5
140.2
155.5
Farm Value
Share of
Expenditures
Percent
41
42
40
38
37
35
35
35
35
33
33
33
33
33
32
33
34
32
32
33
32
32
33
37
36
33
32
30
32
32
31
28
27
27
27
25
25
24
24
25
24
22
22
22
21
21
22
21
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
-- = Not available.
Includes food purchased primarily at retail food stores.
1
2
Includes food purchased at restaurants, fast-food outlets, and other public eating places, and food served in institutions, such
as hospitals, schools, and rest homes.
Source: Calculated by ERS based on data from government and private sources.
Distribution of Consumer Food Expenditures
1970 – 2004
1000
Billion $
800
Consumer Expenditures
600
400
Marketing Bill
200
1970
1975
1980
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0
Farm Value
Farm value is a measure of the dollar value received by farmers for farm commodities equivalent to food purchased by consumers at food stores
and eating places. Marketing bill is difference in dollars between farm value and consumer expenditures for foods produce on U.S. farms.
Farm Value as Share of
Consumer Expenditures
1954 - 2004
40
Percent
35
30
25
20
15
54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02
Farm value component of consumer expenditures for domestically
produced farm foods. Source: ERS/USDA
What a Dollar Spent on Food Paid for in 2006
Over a third went for food marketing labor costs.
Farm Value
Labor
Packaging
Transportation
$
Energy
Profits
Other
3.5
¢
19.0
38.5
Farm Value
8.0 4.0 4.5
22.5
Marketing Bill
* Other costs includes depreciation, rent, advertising and promotion, interest, taxes,
licenses, insurance, professional services, local for-hire transportation, food service in
schools, colleges, hospitals, and other institutions, and miscellaneous items.
Source: ERS, Food Markets Branch
Consumer Food Expenditures: At Home vs.
Away from Home, 1963 - 2006
600
At Home
Away from Home
400
300
200
2003
2005
1997
1999
2001
1993
1995
1989
1991
1985
1987
1979
1981
1983
1975
1977
1971
1973
0
1967
1969
100
1963
1965
Billion $
500
At home includes eating and drinking establishments, trailer parks, commissary stores, and military exchanges; food stores
(excludes sales to restaurants and institutions); home delivery and mail order; farmers, manufacturers, and wholesalers. Away
from home includes military exchanges and clubs; railroad dining cars; airlines; food service in manufacturing plants,
institutions, hospitals, boarding houses, fraternities and sororities, and civil and social organizations; and food supplied to
military forces, civilian employees and child day care.
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities
1/
Commodities
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Lbs.
2002
2003
2004
2005
Beef
64.0
62.6
63.6
64.3
64.5
63.1
64.5
61.9
62.9
62.4
Pork
45.2
44.7
48.2
49.3
47.8
46.9
48.2
48.4
47.8
46.5
Chicken
48.8
50.0
50.4
53.6
54.2
54.0
56.8
57.5
59.2
60.4
Turkey
14.3
13.6
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.8
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
Fish and Shellfish
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.2
14.7
15.6
16.3
16.5
16.1
Eggs
30.1
30.2
30.8
32.2
32.3
32.5
32.8
32.8
33.0
32.7
Fluid Whole Milk
Fluid Lower Fat Milk
Fluid Skim Milk
73.0
99.5
32.9
71.0
97.4
33.5
69.5
95.6
33.4
70.1
95.2
32.2
69.2
94.7
29.9
67.2
93.9
28.8
66.5
94.4
27.9
65.4
93.7
26.8
62.7
93.9
26.5
59.6
94.4
27.0
Fats and Oils--total fat content
63.0
62.6
63.0
65.6
81.8
83.0
87.9
87.3
86.4
85.5
Fresh Fruits
126.7
130.1
129.3
130.4
128.7
126.0
127.0
128.2
127.9
126.0
Fresh Vegetables
185.9
190.4
185.7
192.3
198.7
195.7
194.7
199.1
202.4
198.6
Flour and Cereal Products
196.7
197.4
194.4
195.9
199.5
194.9
192.1
193.3
192.2
192.3
Caloric Sweeteners
144.4
147.7
148.9
151.2
148.8
147.0
146.1
141.3
141.6
141.6
1.In pounds, retail weight unless otherwise stated. Consumption normally represents total supply minus exports, nonfood use, and ending stocks.
Calendar-year data, except fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, tree nuts, and rice, which are on crop-year basis.
Meats and fish are boneless, trimmed weight.
Eggs exclude shipments to the U.S. territories.
Whole milk includes plain and flavored; lowfat milk includes plain and flavored, and buttermilk.
Fruits and vegetables are farm weight.
Flour and cereal products include rye, corn, oats, and barley products. Excludes quantities used in alcoholic beverages, corn sweeteners, and fuel.
Caloric sweeteners are dry weight equivalent.
Information contact: Hodan Farah Wells (202) 694-5578
Published March 2007, USDA/ERS "Amber Waves"
The U.S. Per Capita Food Consumption
Percent Change Between 1996 and 2005
-18.32
-18.10
Whole Milk
Skim Milk
Turkey
-8.39
Lowfat
Milk
-5.10
-2.57
Beef
-2.27
Flour & Cereal Products
-1.91
Caloric Sweeteners
-0.54 Fresh Fruits
Pork
Fresh Vegetables
Eggs
Fish & Shellfish
Chicken
Fats and Oils
-30
-20
-10
2.83
6.86
8.72
11.37
23.91
35.70
0
10
Percent
20
30
40
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities 1/
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Lbs.
Red meats 2 3 4
Beef
Veal
Lamb & mutton
Pork
234
Poultry
Chicken
Turkey
3
Fish and shellfish
Eggs 4
Dairy products
Cheese (excluding cottage) 2
American
Italian
6
Other cheeses
Cottage cheese
2
Beverage milks
Fluid whole milk 7
Fluid lower fat milk 8
Fluid skim milk
Fluid cream products 9
Yogurt (excluding frozen)
Ice cream
10
Lowfat ice cream
Frozen yogurt
All dairy products, milk
11
equivalent, milkfat basis
5
Fats and oils--total fat content
Butter and margarine (product weight)
Shortening
Lard and edible tallow (direct use)
Salad and cooking oils
12
Fruits and vegetables
Fruit
Fresh fruits
Canned fruit
Dried fruit
Frozen fruit
Selected fruit juices
Vegetables
Fresh
Canning
Freezing
Dehydrated and chips
Legumes
Peanuts (shelled)
Tree nuts (shelled)
111.0
64.0
1.0
0.8
45.2
63.1
48.8
14.3
14.5
30.1
109.0
62.6
0.8
0.8
44.7
63.6
50.0
13.6
14.3
30.2
113.2
63.6
0.7
0.9
48.2
64.3
50.4
13.9
14.5
30.8
115.1
64.3
0.6
0.8
49.3
67.4
53.6
13.8
14.8
32.2
113.7
64.5
0.5
0.8
47.8
67.9
54.2
13.7
15.2
32.3
111.4
63.1
0.5
0.8
46.9
67.8
54.0
13.8
14.7
32.5
114.0
64.5
0.5
0.9
48.2
70.7
56.8
14.0
15.6
32.8
111.6
61.9
0.5
0.8
48.4
71.2
57.5
13.7
16.3
32.8
112.0
62.9
0.4
0.8
47.8
72.7
59.2
13.4
16.5
33.0
110.0
62.4
0.4
0.8
46.5
73.6
60.4
13.1
16.1
32.7
27.3
11.8
10.6
4.9
2.6
205.4
73.0
99.5
32.9
8.5
5.9
15.6
7.5
2.5
27.5
11.8
10.8
4.9
2.6
201.9
71.0
97.4
33.5
8.8
5.8
16.1
7.8
2.0
27.8
11.9
11.1
4.7
2.7
198.5
69.5
95.6
33.4
8.9
5.9
16.3
8.1
2.1
29.0
12.6
11.6
4.8
2.6
197.6
70.1
95.2
32.2
9.4
6.2
16.7
7.5
1.9
29.8
12.7
12.1
5.0
2.6
193.8
69.2
94.7
29.9
9.8
6.5
16.7
7.3
2.0
30.0
12.8
12.4
4.8
2.6
189.9
67.2
93.9
28.8
10.7
7.0
16.3
7.3
1.5
30.5
12.8
12.5
5.2
2.6
188.8
66.5
94.4
27.9
10.5
7.4
16.7
6.5
1.5
30.5
12.5
12.6
5.4
2.7
185.9
65.4
93.7
26.8
11.8
8.2
16.4
7.5
1.4
31.2
12.9
12.9
5.4
2.7
183.1
62.7
93.9
26.5
12.5
9.2
15.0
7.2
1.3
31.4
12.7
13.3
5.4
2.6
181.0
59.6
94.4
27.0
12.9
8.6
15.4
5.9
1.3
566.2
567.2
572.2
584.1
592.2
586.5
586.4
594.0
592.9
600.5
63.0
13.2
21.9
3.5
25.7
62.6
12.5
20.5
2.9
28.0
63.0
12.5
20.5
3.8
27.3
65.6
12.6
21.1
4.2
28.8
81.8
12.7
31.6
4.8
33.7
83.0
11.4
32.6
4.2
35.6
87.9
10.9
33.3
4.7
39.7
87.3
9.7
32.8
5.1
40.1
86.4
9.7
32.6
4.7
39.9
85.5
8.6
29.1
5.3
42.7
703.3
286.4
126.7
18.7
11.2
4.7
124.9
416.9
185.9
106.3
83.3
33.9
7.4
5.7
2.1
709.7
294.6
130.1
20.3
10.7
4.3
128.5
415.1
190.4
105.4
80.0
31.9
7.4
5.9
2.2
696.2
285.2
129.3
17.2
12.2
4.5
121.8
411.0
185.7
105.3
80.3
32.4
7.3
5.9
2.2
705.2
291.0
130.4
19.4
10.3
5.0
125.3
414.3
192.3
102.8
80.8
30.5
7.8
6.0
2.8
711.2
289.2
128.7
17.7
10.5
4.2
127.7
422.0
198.7
103.2
79.3
33.2
7.6
5.8
2.5
684.2
272.3
126.0
17.8
9.9
7.1
111.3
411.9
195.7
97.3
78.6
33.4
6.9
5.9
2.8
684.9
273.8
127.0
16.9
10.5
4.1
115.2
411.1
194.7
100.7
76.7
32.3
6.7
5.8
3.1
702.0
281.8
128.2
17.4
9.9
5.5
120.5
420.1
199.1
101.5
78.3
34.6
6.6
6.3
3.4
693.8
272.1
127.9
17.0
9.3
4.9
112.4
421.7
202.4
103.4
78.2
31.8
6.0
6.6
3.4
688.6
273.2
126.0
16.8
10.4
5.4
114.1
415.4
198.6
105.3
75.3
30.0
6.1
6.6
2.7
13
196.7
197.4
194.4
195.9
199.5
194.9
192.1
193.3
192.2
Flour and cereal products
Wheat flour
146.4
146.8
143.0
144.0
146.3
141.0
136.7
136.6
134.3
Rice (milled basis)
17.8
17.5
18.5
18.6
19.3
19.2
20.0
20.6
21.2
14
144.4
147.7
148.9
151.2
148.8
147.0
146.1
141.3
141.6
Caloric sweeteners
Coffee (green bean equiv.)
8.7
9.1
9.3
9.8
10.3
9.5
9.2
9.5
9.6
Cocoa (chocolate liquor equiv.)
4.2
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.5
3.9
4.2
4.8
-- = Not available. 1. In pounds, retail weight unless otherwise stated. Consumption normally represents total supply minus exports, nonfood use, and
ending stocks. Calendar-year data, except fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, tree nuts, and rice, which are on crop-year basis. 2. Totals may not add due to
rounding. 3. Boneless, trimmed weight. 4. Excludes shipments to the U.S. territories. 5. Whole and part-skim milk cheese. Natural equivalent of
cheese and cheese products. 6. Includes Swiss, Brick, Muenster, cream, Neufchatel, Blue, Gorgonzola, Edam, and Gouda. 7. Plain and flavored
8. Plain and flavored, and buttermilk. 9. Heavy cream, light cream, half and half, eggnog, sour cream, and dip. 10. Formerly known as ice milk.
11. Includes condensed and evaporated milk and dry milk products. 12. Farm weight. 13. Includes rye, corn, oats, and barley products. Excludes
quantities used in alcoholic beverages, corn sweeteners, and fuel. 14. Dry weight equivalent.
Information contact: Hodan Farah Wells (202) 694-5578
Published March 2007
192.3
134.1
21.0
141.6
9.5
5.2
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Pounds
Per Capita Consumption of Meat, Poultry, and
Fish Boneless, Trimmed, Equivalent, 1970 - 2005
Red Meat
Poultry
Fish/Shellfish