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Fl;
insect & Disease
Management
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• SD/44
Report No.
80-17
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PROGRESS REPORT NO. 1
43
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► 010-47
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47
3450
July 1980
0.181/11:
YAAK AND THOMPSON RIVER DEMONSTRATION AREAS
TO MANAGE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE IN LODGEPOLE PINE
By
M. D. McGregor and D. D. Bennett
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INTRODUCTION
Mountain pine beetle Is the major factor in
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mortality of lodgepole pine in the Western
United States and Canada. In every review of
timber loss to insects, mountain pine beetle
with the cooperation of the Plains Ranger
Yaak Ranger District
(Lolo NF),
District
(Kootenai NF), Forest Insect and Disease
Management (Region 1), and Research Work Unit
2201.
consistently ranks at the top of the list. It
is estimated that more than 90 percent of the
lodgepole pine stands In the West have had epidemic infestation, where stands and climate are
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OBJECTIVES
The demonstration was designed to:
conducive to brood development.
"Control" of outbreaks is Impossible once they
become epidemic. Therefore, management is
being directed toward protecting green high-
Apply cutting strategies prior to
1.
beetle infestation to prevent an outbreak; and
change stand dynamics to reduce epidemic
Infestations.
risk stands, as well as toward salvaging
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Infested stands.
Use regeneration and postcut techniques
2.
to obtain maximum wood and fiber production.
Proper management can prevent extensive mortality by changing the beetles' food supply, while
stands are manipulated to grow at or near
Develop knowledge on beetle/host tree
3.
interaction and its consequences for these man-
optimum capacity compatible with other land
aged stands.
management objectives.
Research Work Unit 2201, Intermountain Forest
and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT, has
developed extensive information on mountain
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pine beetle epidemiology and management. In
1978, two demonstration areas were established
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Manipulate forest cover to reach full
4.
potential for timber production consistent with
key values and soil and water quality, which
implies maintaining adequate levels of diseasefree growing stock of the desired species.
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United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest
Service
Northern
Region
State &
Private
Forestry
P.O. Box 7669
Missoula, Montana
59807
class per plot. Phloem thickness was measured
METHODS
to the nearest one-hundredth of an inch with a
An area of approximately 2,000 acres was
steel ruler.
selected on each Forest for the demonstration.
Each area was divided into units of approximately 10-30 acres. On the Kootenai, 19 units
received a cutting strategy and 3 units were
designated as checks (figure 1, table 1). On
Additional data were collected for site index;
habitat type; age and growth rate; elevation;
basal area, stems/acre; aspect; slope; and
crown competition factor.
the Lolo, 16 units received a cutting strategy,
with 3 designated as checks (figure 2,
table 2).
Areas were resurveyed for new attacks following
Prior to cutting, each unit was cruised for
infested trees. These estimates were obtained
Research Work Unit 2201 collected data for 2
cutting in 1979.
by establishing 1/4-acre plots at 5-chain
intervals throughout each unit. A hypsometer
years on the Kootenai units and for 1 year on
the Lolo units concerning associated insects
and emigration/Immigration of mountain pine
was used to determine if trees were within plot
beetle at different crown levels.
boundaries. Trees 5 inches d.b.h. and larger
were tallied and classed as follows:
RESULTS
0 = Green
All units have been established, cruised, and
1 = Current attack, brood present
2 = 1-year-old attack, brood present
cut, and the first postcut survey has been
made.
3 = 1-year-old or prior attack
4 = Unsuccessful attack or pitchout; green
foliage, pitchtubes present, brood and blue
Data on infestations and cutting are shown in
tables 1 and 2. Each unit will be cruised
again following beetle flight in 1980, and
stain absent
5 = Strip attack
attacks/acre will be compared to the number
before cutting. Tables 3 and 4 show habitat
type, elevation, aspect, slope, and soils type.
Twenty 1/10-acre plots also were established to
determine diameter-phloem distribution within
A hypsometer was used to tally
the stand.
trees, which were recorded by d.b.h. Two
phloem samples were taken from the opposite
sides of each of two trees in each diameter
Data are being collected annually through 1982
to show the relationship between attacks/acre
and these factors. Stands will be reevaluated
in 1987 and 1992.
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2
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Table 1.--Unit Information Yaak Demonstration Areas, Kootenai NF, 1976-79
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Designated
cut
Unit No.
Waper Creek
Hensley Creek
Logged
Attacks/acre
Acres
1976
1977
1978
1979
43F
7.6
4.4
6.4
6.4
1.6
3.6
15.6
2.4
5.0
14.7
10.5
4.0
306.0
64.0
58.0
15.3
3
4
Leave 100 BA
Leave 80 BA
20
16
14
Check
25
4.6
0.4
7.6
1
Cut >10" dbh
17
7.2
11.2
2.6
2.8
3.8
2.0
1.6
0.6
3.6
4.8
226.0
3.4
0.4
3.2
36.0
17.5
206.0
86.0
1.3
208.0
0.4
0.2
2.0
0.4
0.5
3.1
86.0
323.0
55.1
106.0
1
2
Leave >12" dbh
2
Leave 120 BA
16
3
4
5
6
Leave 80 BA
Cut >12" dbh
Cut >12" dbh
Cut >7" dbh
18
10
14
18
4.8
1.8
7
Cut >12" dbh
21
0.8
3.8
13.2
Cut >7" dbh
16
1.2
0.4
0.2
Benefield Creek 1
Not logged
207.0
until late
winter
2
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S
0
62.2
0
0
0
0.2
.8
0.2
4.4
0
0
0
0
2.6
0
Not logged
until late
winter
68.9
Leave 100 BA
Leave 80 BA
Cut >10" dbh
19
16
16
0.4
1.6
0.8
0.4
0
1.2
6
Cut >10" dbh
18
7
8
9
Leave 100 BA
Leave 120 BA
Cut >7" dbh
14
18
0.2
1.4
17
0
8.8
0.6
0.6
1.8
0.8
17.2
1.6
0.2
Check
Check
23
2.2
5.2
10.8
25
6.0
7.2
16.4
11
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28
3
4
5
10
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Leave 120 BA
51.6
117.0
17.1
157.9
87.9
145.9
173.9
177.7
Table 2.--Unit Information, Thompson River Demonstration Areas, Lolo NF, 1976-79
Attacks/acre
Designated
Unit No.
14A
15
19
4
7
16
2
3
8
1
12
5
9
Acres
cut
Cut >7" dbh
Cut >7" dbh
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cut
>7" dbh
>10" dbh
>10" dbh
>10" dbh
>12" dbh
>12" dbh
>12" dbh
15
25
31
19
21
1976
7
164
--
1978
1979
22
67.8
--
89
127.2
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*
*
*
210
200
1.0
4.2
0
13.0
1.6
15
31
0
1.0
4.2
15
0
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
2.0
Leave 80 BA
15
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.6
Leave 80 BA
Leave 80 BA
Leave 100 BA
15
15
18
0.2
0
1.4
0
0
1.6
0.4
0
4.8
2.2
0
2.5
20
17
17
3.4
Logged
MBF
1977
0.5
2.2
2.5
6.3
**
0.2
0.6
40.2
3.6
627
0
18
25
20
18
20
20
Not logged
until early
spring
20
17
11
Leave 100 BA
15
0
0
0
0.3
13
6
14
Leave
Leave
Leave
Leave
22
17
15
0.6
0.2
0.6
1.4
0.2
0
0.8
0
1.4
0.4
2.6
1.8
15
20
15
0
0.2
1.6
0.5
15
Check
21
0.6
0
Check
Check
15
21
0.6
67.0
10
7A
18
27
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100
120
120
120
BA
BA
BA
BA
1.0
63.0
1.6
5.8
8.4
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0
14.2
1.4
end up a clearcut
not cruised in 1979
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4
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Table 3.—Unit Information, Yaak Demonstration Areas, Kootenai National Forest, 1979
Unit Name and No.
Waper Creek
Hensley Creek
Habitat
Elevation
type
(feet)
Slope
Aspect
(percent)
Soil type
Till overlain/Luscap
SE
30
2
3
11
II
II
11
II
It
It
II
11
11
4
II
It
II
11
II
1
Tshe/Clun
3,400
20
II
"
11
It
It
11
3
"
11
It
II
II
4
5
6
II
II
II
"
11
"
II
II
II
II
It
II
11
II
7
II
II
II
II
II
1
2
Benefield Creek 1
Thpl/Clun
It
Thpl/Clun-Psme/Clun
3,400
4,000
SESW
SW
35
11
II
11
II
2
It
II
3
4
II
II
II
II
II
"
11
II
II
II
5
6
II
II
II
Il
II
II
II
II
II
II
7
n
II
II
11
II
8
n
It
II
II
II
II
II
11
II
II
It
II
II
II
11
II
II
11
II
II
9
10
11
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Table 4.--Unit Information, Thompson River Demonstration Areas, Lolo NF, 1979
Elevation
type
(feet)
Aspect
(percent)
14A
Abgr/Xete
3,900
S
6-15
15
19
4
Tsme/Vaca
Abgr/Xete
3,800
4,100
4,090
SW
S
N
W
6-15
6-15
"
n
11
11
it
6-15
"
"
11
"
II
"
n
6-15
"
"
"
"
ff
"
11
11
11
11
n
11
/1
11
11
11
11
n
11
11
11
16
2
3
8
1
12
5
9
Abgr/Libo
Abgr/Xete
4,000
Abgr/Libo
Abgr/Llbo
3,900
4,120
E
Level & Rolling
6-15
6-15
Abgr/Llbo
4,090
Level & Rolling
Abgr/Libo
Abgr/Llbo
4,200
4,200
Level & Rolling
SE
6-15
6-15
16-25
Abgr/Xete
Abla/Clun
Abgr/Libo
4,650
4,100
4,120
NE
E
E
36-45
Abla/Clun
NE
NE
NE
16-25
36-45
6-15
16-25
16-25
13
6
Abgr/Xete
Abgr/Xete
4,600
4,970
4,120
14
10
7A
Abgr/Libo
Abla/Xete
Abgr/Xete
4,000
4,160
4,040
S
N
NE
6-15
26-35
6-15
18
Tsme/Caru
Tsme/Libo
3,750
3,980
S
SE
16-25
6-15
11
27
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Slope
Habitat
Unit No.
7
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Soil type
Andic Ustocrept & Typic Eutroboralf
11
11
"
n
"
"
"
11
n
"
"
"
11
"
"
11
n
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
"
"
"
"
"
11
11
I.
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n
n
11
41
M
II
11
11
"
40
n
11
Typic Eutroboralf
Andic Ustocrept & Typic Eutroboralf
n
n
11
n
n
41
n
II
11
"
"
Typic Eutroboralf & Fine Lake Sedimenl,
IP
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